{{Short description|Body part in invertebrates}} {{about|the arthropod body part|the vertebrate breastbone|Sternum}} thumb|Thoracic and abdominal sterna of a beetle. '''A''' Mesosternum, '''B''' Metasternum, '''1''' first abdominal sternite, '''2-6''' rest of sternites The '''sternum''' ({{plural form}}: '''sterna''') is the ventral portion of a segment of an arthropod thorax or abdomen.
In insects, the sterna are usually single, large sclerites, and external. However, they can sometimes be divided in two or more, in which case the subunits are called '''sternites''',<ref name="McCafferty">{{cite book |author=W. Patrick McCafferty |year=1983 |title=Aquatic Entomology: the Fishermen's and Ecologists' Illustrated Guide to Insects and their Relatives |publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers |isbn=978-0-86720-017-1 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wiTq7x-fI_0C&pg=PA20 |pages=17–27 |chapter=Identifying aquatic insects}}</ref> and may also be modified on the terminal abdominal segments so as to form part of the functional genitalia, in which case they are frequently reduced in size and development, and may become internalized and/or membranous. For a detailed explanation of the terminology, see <ref>{{cite journal | url = https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/sysbio/7/3/10.2307/2411977/2/7-3-131.pdf?Expires=1503068849&Signature=H7UvaxjgUBlnYayCB5HW7WMlkiUYU6T-~c6XEZq0RaFba4PTyDR0JkyJCVj2IoWAe~KVDXxtJpHInXxvZqJYpwgYBgpVZJEZCu8sK69iDHUDsn~KrLvgC8cqOdQ-BMeNlsNuJoH-gB3FGwtA3uDGAfS~VDEZ0TmAaatIkWZkZ2oIJsZliEdauv01ygSV~zxtiNa-mC85JsxbclLHkoq2aQXcXQlwd4r~ojeQQjX~YQGQgTyfWdHtlKhHODbwxXxS~dRbXWzjO~C4TWfjgsc-Qlo35~BJNrYZZBdQ1SA7n8~znHJLlXQIfVyaPJVsX0iX~5T961wQmkcGWpvn0phPiA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIUCZBIA4LVPAVW3Q|title=The Terms Tergum and Sternum, Tergite and Sternite | year = 1958|last1=Hood|journal=Systematic Zoology |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=131–133 |doi=10.2307/2411977 |jstor=2411977 }}</ref>
Kinorhynchs have tergal and sternal plates too, though seemingly not homologous with those of arthropods.<ref>Sørensen, M. V. et al. Phylogeny of Kinorhyncha based on morphology and two molecular loci. PLoS One 10, 1–33 (2015).</ref>
'''Ventrites''' are externally visible sternites. Usually the first sternite is covered up, so that ventrite numbers do not correspond to sternite numbers.
The term is also used in other arthropod groups such as crustaceans, arachnids and myriapods. Sternites on the pleon (abdomen) of a crustacean may be referred to as '''pleonsternites'''. These are the sites of attachment of the pleopods (swimming legs). In spiders, the sternum is the ventral part of the cephalothorax.
== See also == Tergite ==References== {{reflist}}
Category:Arthropod anatomy