thumb|Statoblast of ''Plumatella repens'' '''Statoblasts''' are a means to reproduce asexually by a method that is unique among bryozoans and enables a colony's lineage to survive the variable and uncertain conditions of fresh water environments.<ref name="Doherty2001EctoproctaInAnderson">{{cite book|author=Doherty, P.J.|year=2001|edition=2|chapter=The Lophophorates|pages=363–373|editor=Anderson, D.T.|title=Invertebrate Zoology|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-551368-1}}</ref> Statoblasts are masses of cells that function as "survival pods" rather like the gemmules of sponges.<ref name="RuppertFoxBarnesBryozoa">{{cite book|author=Ruppert, E.E., Fox, R.S., and Barnes, R.D.|title=Invertebrate Zoology|chapter=Lophoporata|publisher=Brooks / Cole|edition=7|isbn=0-03-025982-7|year=2004|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/829 829–845]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/829}}</ref> Statoblasts form on the funiculus (cord) connected to the parent's gut, which nourishes them.<ref name="Doherty2001EctoproctaInAnderson" /> As they grow, statoblasts develop protective bivalve-like shells made of chitin. When they mature, some types stick to the parent colony, some fall to the bottom, some contain air spaces that enable them to float,<ref name="RuppertFoxBarnesBryozoa" /> and some remain in the parent's cystid (outer casing) to re-build the colony if it dies.<ref name="Doherty2001EctoproctaInAnderson" /> Statoblasts can remain dormant for considerable periods, and while dormant can survive harsh conditions such as freezing and desiccation. They can be transported across long distances by animals, floating vegetation, currents<ref name="RuppertFoxBarnesBryozoa" /> and winds.<ref name="Doherty2001EctoproctaInAnderson" /> When conditions improve, the valves of the shell separate and the cells inside develop into a zooid that tries to form a new colony. A study estimated that one group of colonies in a patch {{convert|1|m2|sqft|sp=us}} produced 800,000 statoblasts.<ref name="RuppertFoxBarnesBryozoa" />
==References== {{reflist}}
Category:Bryozoology Category:Reproduction in animals Category:Protostome anatomy