Albizia

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae}} {{For|the Australian tree commonly named "Albizia"|Paraserianthes lophantha}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Albizia julibrissin4.jpg |image_caption = Persian silk tree (''Albizia julibrissin''), foliage and blossoms |taxon = Albizia |authority = Durazz. (1772) |diversity = About 150 species |diversity_link = List of Albizia species |synonyms = * ''Albizzia'' Benth. * ''Arthrosprion'' {{small|Hassk. (1855)}} * ''Besenna'' A. Rich. (1848) * ''Parasamanea'' Kosterm. (1954) * ''Parenterolobium'' Kosterm. (1954) * ''Sassa'' Bruce ex J. F. Gmel. (1792) * ''Serialbizzia'' Kosterm. (1954) * ''Sericandra'' {{small|Raf. (1838)}} |synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30017224-2 ''Albizia'' Durazz.] ''Plants of the World Online''. Retrieved 4 August 2023.</ref> }}

{{multiple image | footer = ''Albizia procera'' fruits | direction = vertical | image1 = Doon Siris (Albizia procera) pod at Jayanti, Duars, West Bengal W Picture 215.jpg | alt1 = Dry fruits | image2 = Albizia green fruits.jpg | alt2 = Green fruits }}

'''''Albizia''''' is a genus of more than 160 species of mostly fast-growing subtropical and tropical trees and shrubs in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the family Fabaceae. The genus is pantropical, occurring in Asia, Africa, Madagascar, America and Australia, but mostly in the Old World tropics. In some locations, some species are considered weeds.

They are commonly called '''silk plants''', '''silk trees''', or '''sirises'''. The obsolete spelling of the generic name – with double 'z' – is still common, so the plants may be called '''albizzias'''. The generic name honors the Italian nobleman Filippo degli Albizzi, who introduced ''Albizia julibrissin'' to Europe in the mid-18th century.{{r|pa}} Some species are commonly called '''mimosa''', which more accurately refers to plants of genus ''Mimosa''. Species from southeast Asia used for timber are sometime termed '''East Indian walnut'''.

==Description== They are usually small trees or shrubs with a short lifespan, though the famous ''Samán del Guère'' near Maracay in Venezuela is a huge ''Albizia saman'' specimen several hundred years old. The leaves are pinnately or bipinnately compound. The small flowers are in bundles, with stamens much longer than the petals. The stamens are usually showy, although in some species such as ''A. canescens'' the flowers are inconspicuous.{{r|Lowry2008}}

Unlike those of ''Mimosa'', ''Albizia'' flowers have many more than 10 stamens. ''Albizia'' can also be told apart from another large related genus, ''Acacia'', by its stamens, which are joined at the bases instead of separate.{{r|PS}}

==Taxonomy== Numerous species placed in ''Albizia'' by early authors were eventually moved to other genera, most notably ''Archidendron''. Other genera of Ingeae (''Abarema'', ''Archidendropsis'', ''Blanchetiodendron'', ''Calliandra'', ''Cathormion'', ''Enterolobium'', ''Havardia'', ''Hesperalbizia'', ''Hydrochorea'', ''Pararchidendron'', ''Paraserianthes'', ''Pseudosamanea'' and ''Serianthes'') have also received their share of former ''Albizia'' species, as have the Mimoseae ''Newtonia'' and ''Schleinitzia''. Some presumed "silk trees" are in fact misidentified members of the not very closely related genus ''Erythrophleum'' from the Caesalpinioideae and ''Lebeckia'' from the Faboideae.{{r|ildis}}

The delimitation of ''Falcataria'' and ''Pithecellobium'', close relatives of ''Albizia'', is notoriously complex, with species having been moved between the genera time and again, and this will likely continue. These include ''Falcataria falcata'' (the Moluccan albizia, formerly named ''Albizia moluccana''), a common shade tree on tea plantations. Other closely related genera like ''Chloroleucon'' and ''Samanea'' are often merged with ''Albizia'' entirely.{{r|ildis}}

==Uses== Albizias are important forage, timber, and medicinal plants,{{r|Lowry1994}}{{r|pmid23479194}} and many are cultivated as ornamentals for their attractive flowers – notably ''Albizia julibrissin''.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/Search-Results?form-mode=false&query=Albizia%20julibrissin | title = ''Albizia julibrissin'' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 27 February 2020}}</ref>

Some species are used as food plants by the larvae of moths in the genus ''Endoclita'', including ''E. damor'', ''E. malabaricus'', and ''E. sericeus''.

==See also== * List of ''Albizia'' species

==References== <references> <ref name="ildis">ILDIS (2005)</ref> <ref name="pa">[https://albizzia.store/blogs/news/albizadian''Albizia adianthifolia''] Credit to South African National Biodiversity Institute.</ref> <ref name="Lowry1994">Lowry, J.B.; Prinsen, J.H. & Burrows, D.M. (1994): 2.5 Albizia lebbeck – a Promising Forage Tree for Semiarid Regions. ''In:'' {{aut|Gutteridge, Ross C. & Shelton, H. Max (eds.)}}: ''Forage Tree Legumes in Tropical Agriculture''. CAB Intemational. [http://www.fao.org/ag/agP/agpc/doc/Publicat/Gutt-shel/x5556e0a.htm HTML fulltext] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070405002929/http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Publicat/Gutt-shel/x5556e0a.htm |date=2007-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Lowry2008">Lowry, J.B. 2008. ''Trees for Wood and Animal Production in Northern Australia''. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. Indooroopilly, Queensland.</ref> <ref name="PS">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Gurcharan|title=Plant Systematics: An Integrated Approach|publisher=Science Publishers|year=2004|pages=445|isbn=1-57808-351-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=In_Lv8iMt24C}}</ref> <ref name="pmid23479194">{{cite journal| vauthors=Joycharat N, Thammavong S, Limsuwan S, Homlaead S, Voravuthikunchai SP, Yingyongnarongkul BE, Dej-Adisai S, Subhadhirasakul S| title= Antibacterial substances from Albizia myriophylla wood against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans | journal=Archives of Pharmacal Research | year= 2013 | volume= 36 | issue= 6 | pages= 723–730 | pmid=23479194 | doi= 10.1007/s12272-013-0085-7| s2cid= 11823016}}</ref> </references>

==External links== {{Commons category}}

Category:Albizia Category:Forages Category:Pantropical flora Category:Fabaceae genera

zh:合欢