{{more citations needed|date=December 2020}} In Ancient India, a '''shreni''' ({{langx|sa|श्रेणि|śreṇi}} or {{lang|sa|श्रेणी}} {{Transliteration|sa|śreṇī}}, Prakrit: {{Transliteration|pra|seni}})<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sircar |first1=D.C. |authorlink1=D.C. Sarkar |title=Indian Epigraphical Glossary |date=1966 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |location=Delhi |url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/IEGScan/2020/web/webtc2/index.php | page=316 | quote= a corporation or guild}}. Search for text "or guild" (without quotes).</ref> was an association of traders, merchants, and artisans. Generally, a separate shreni existed for a particular group of persons engaged in the same vocation or activity. Shrenis have sometimes been compared with the guilds.{{according to whom|date=March 2019}}
Well-documented references{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} to the existing of shreni have been found from 5th century BC, and texts mention the existence of shrenis and conversion of entire members of some shrenis to Buddhism or Jainism. Over a period of time, some shrenis became very wealthy with surplus resources, and acted as custodians and bankers of religious and other endowments. One of the widely referred shreni was of ivory carvers of Vidisha (in the modern Indian state of Madhya Pradesh). This shreni is accredited with sponsoring and financially supporting the construction of the southern gateway of the stupa at Sanchi, which is currently a World Heritage Site.
==Shreni-dharma==
Members were bound by guild-specific dharma. The Manusmriti stated "A king must inquire into the law of groups (''jāti''), of districts (''ganapada''), of guilds (shreni), and of families (''kula'')."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kishwar |first1=Madhu |title=Codified Hindu Law: Myth and Reality |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |date=1994 |volume=29 |issue=33 |pages=2145–2161 |jstor=4401625 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
*''Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend'' ({{ISBN|0-500-51088-1}}) by Anna Dhallapiccola
==External links== * Agarwal, Ankit. (2012),[https://www.scribd.com/doc/116811330 "Development of Economic Organizations and their Role in Human Empowerment during the Gupta Period". History Today 13, New Delhi]{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, {{ISSN|2249-748X}}. * {{cite web|url=http://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/h_es/h_es_shah_m_sreni_frameset.htm |title=Sreni (Guilds): a Unique Social Innovation of Ancient India |first1=Manikant |last1=Shah |first2=D.P. |last2=Agrawal|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130128001238/http://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/h_es/h_es_shah_m_sreni_frameset.htm|archive-date=28 Jan 2013}}
Category:Ancient India Category:Crafts Category:Labor history Category:Economic history of India