{{Short description|Traditional soup}} {{Redirect|Ciorba|a surname|Ciorbă (surname)}} {{Infobox food | name = Chorba | image = Bean soup with tomatoes and red peppers.jpeg | image_size = 250px | caption = Bulgarian bean chorba with tomatoes and red peppers. | alternate_name = Ciorbă, shurbah, shorwa, čorba, çorba | country = | region = Algeria, Balkans, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, Central Asia, North Africa, Arabia | creator = | course = | type = Soup or stew | served = | main_ingredient = Water, meat, beans، vegetables and legumes | variations = | calories = | other = }} '''Chorba''', ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|tʃ|ɔːr|b|ə}} {{respell|CHOR-bə}}; {{IPA|tr|tʃɔɾˈba|lang}}){{efn|From Ottoman Turkish {{lang|ota|چوربا}} {{Transliteration|ota|çorba}}.}} '''shorwa''', '''shurba''', '''shurpa''', '''shurbah''' or '''shorba''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ʃ|ɔːr|b|ə}} {{respell|SHOR-bə}}){{efn|From Persian {{lang|fa|شوربا}} {{Transliteration|fa|shōrbā}} {{IPA|fa|ʃoːɾˈbɑː|}}, {{small|Iranian Persian:}} {{Transliteration|fa|shurbā}} {{IPA|fa|ʃuːɹˈbɒː|}}}} is a broad class of stews or rich soups found in national cuisines across North Africa, The Middle East, Iran, Turkey, Southeast Europe, Central Asia, East Africa and South Asia. It is often prepared with added ingredients but is also served alone<ref>{{cite magazine | author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> | title = What is Shorba and why is it good for you in winter | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/what-is-shorba-and-why-is-it-good-for-you-in-winter/articleshow/72994049.cms#:~:text=Shorba%20is%20a%20kind%20of,is%20growing%20exponentially%20in%20India. | magazine = Entertainment Times | location = India | publisher = | date = 2019-12-27 | access-date = 2021-05-25 }}</ref> as a broth or with bread.<ref>{{cite book |last=Roden |first=Claudia |author-link= |date=1974 |title=A Book of Middle Eastern Food |url= |location=United States |publisher=Random House, Inc., New York |page= 109 |isbn=0394-71948-4 }}</ref>
== Etymology == {{refimprove section|date=December 2025}}
The word ''chorba'' in English and in many Balkan languages is a loan from the Ottoman Turkish {{lang|ota|چوربا}} {{Transliteration|ota|çorba}}, which itself is a loan from Persian {{lang|fa|شوربا}} {{Transliteration|fa|šōrbā}}. The spelling ''shorba'' could be a direct loan into English from Persian or through a Central or South Asian intermediary.
The word is ultimately a compound of {{lang|fa|شور}} {{Transliteration|fa|šōr}} meaning 'salty, brackish' and {{lang|fa|با}} {{Transliteration|fa|bā}} meaning 'stew, gruel, spoon-meat'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/steingass_query.py?qs=%D8%A8%D8%A7&searchhws=yes&matchtype=exact|date=January 23, 2023|website=dsal.uchicago.ed|language=en|access-date=2023-01-23|title=A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary, Including the Arabic Words and Phrases to be Met with in Persian Literature }}</ref> The former is from Parthian {{lang|xpr|𐫢𐫇𐫡}} {{Transliteration|xpr|šōr}} meaning 'salty', and the latter from Middle Persian {{lang|pal|*-bāg}} meaning 'gruel, spoon-meat'.
The etymology can be definitively tied to Persian through the cognate {{lang|fa|شورباج}} {{Transliteration|fa|šōrabāj}}; in modern Persian, while {{lang|fa|شوربا}} {{Transliteration|fa|šōrbā}} evolved to mean 'broth, stew', {{lang|fa|شورباج}} {{Transliteration|fa|šōrabāj}} simply means 'soup'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/steingass_query.py?qs=%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AC&matchtype=default|date=January 23, 2023|website=dsal.uchicago.ed|language=en|access-date=2023-01-23|title=A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary, Including the Arabic Words and Phrases to be Met with in Persian Literature }}</ref> It is typical for Middle Persian word-final {{lang|pal|𐭪}} {{Transliteration|pal|g}} to either change to {{lang|fa|ج}} {{Transliteration|fa|j}} or be dropped altogether in Modern Persian.
The dialectal Arabic word {{lang|ar|شوربة}} {{Transliteration|ar|šūrba}} also a loan from Persian while {{lang|ar|شربة}} {{Transliteration|ar|šurba}} is a phono-semantic matching that occurred during the loaning of the word into Arabic and is etymologically tied to {{lang|ar|شرب}} {{Transliteration|ar|šariba}} meaning 'to drink'.
Chorba is also called {{Transliteration|am|shorba}} ({{langx|am|ሾርባ}}), {{Transliteration|uz|sho'rva}} ({{langx|uz|шўрва}}), {{Transliteration|ps|shorwa}} ({{langx|ps|شوروا}}), {{Transliteration|bg|chorba}} ({{langx|bg|чорба}}), {{lang|sh-Latn|čorba}} ({{lang-sh-Cyrl|чорба}}), {{Transliteration|so|shurbad}} (Somali), {{lang|ro|ciorbă}} (Romanian), {{Transliteration|ru|shurpa}} ({{langx|ru|шурпа}}), {{Transliteration|ug|shorpa}} ({{langx|ug|شورپا}} / {{lang|ug-Cyrl|шорпа}}), {{lang|tr|çorba}} (Turkish), {{Transliteration|kk|shorpo}} ({{langx|ky|шорпо}}), {{Transliteration|kk|sorpa}} ({{langx|kk|сорпа}}){{citation needed|date=July 2015}} and ''shorba'' in (Hindustani: {{lang|ur|{{nq|شوربہ}}}} / {{lang|hi|शोरबा}}). In the Indian subcontinent, the term {{Transliteration|hi|shirwā}} is commonly used to mean gravy. It is a Mughlai dish and it also has vegetarian forms.
==Types== Shorwa is a traditional Afghan dish which is a simple dish which is usually mixed with bread on the dastarkhān.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bradnock|first=Robert W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=le8uAQAAIAAJ|title=South Asian Handbook|date=1994|publisher=Trade & Travel Publications|isbn=9780844299808|language=en}}</ref> It is a long process and a pressure-cooker is usually used, as it reduces the process to 2 hours. The main ingredients for shorwa are potatoes, beans and meat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afghankitchenrecipes.com/recipe/shorwa-e-tarkari-meat-veg-soup/|title=Shorwa-E-Tarkari (Meat & Veg Soup)|website=KitchenRecipes}}</ref> It is commonly served with Afghan bread.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afghankitchenrecipes.com/recipe/shorwa-e-tarkari-meat-veg-soup/|title = Shorwa-E-Tarkari (Meat & Veg Soup) | Afghan Kitchen Recipes}}</ref>
Ciorbă in Moldova and Romania, is a generic term for a soup.
==Gallery== <gallery class="center" widths="200" heights="140"> File:Shorwa.JPG|Traditional Afghan shorwa File:Chorba.jpg|Algerian chorba File:Begova Čorba (Baščaršija in Sarajevo, Bosnia).JPG|Bosnian ''begova čorba'' and somun bread File:Ready kurban chorba.JPG|Bulgarian Kurban chorba File:Shorpo.jpg|Kyrgyz shorpo File:Pileća corba.jpg|Serbian chicken čorba File:Ciorba.jpg|Romanian ciorbă File:Chorba frik algerienne.jpg|Algerian chorba frik </gallery>
==See also== {{Portal|Food}} * List of soups * List of stews
==Notes== {{notelist}}
==References== {{Commons category|Chorba}} {{Reflist}}
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