{{short description|Family of insects}} {{distinguish|text=Pentastomida, a type of crustaceans}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Paleogene|Recent}} | image = Nezara_viridula2.jpg | image_caption = ''Nezara viridula'' | taxon = Pentatomidae | authority = Leach, 1815 | display_parents = 3 | subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies | subdivision = See text }}
'''Pentatomidae''' is a family of insects belonging to the order Hemiptera, generally called '''shield bugs''' or '''stink bugs'''. Pentatomidae is the largest family in the superfamily Pentatomoidea, and contains around 900 genera and over 4700 species.<ref name=bugguide>{{cite web |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/182 |title=Family Pentatomidae – Stink Bugs |work=Bugguide.net |access-date=26 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="foottit">Robert G. Foottit, Peter H. Adler ''Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society'', John Wiley and Sons, 2009,{{ISBN|1-4051-5142-0}}</ref> As hemipterans, the pentatomids have piercing sucking mouthparts, and most are phytophagous, including several species which are severe pests on agricultural crops. However, some species, particularly in the subfamily Asopinae, are predatory and may be considered beneficial.
==Etymology== thumb|right|Red-shouldered stink bug The name "Pentatomidae" is from the Greek ''pente'' meaning "five" and ''tomos'' meaning "section", and refers to the five segments of their antennae.<ref name=bugguide/> Pentatomids are generally called "shield bugs" in British English, or "stink bugs" in American English. However, the term shield bugs is also applied broadly to include several related families (e.g. Acanthosomatidae, Scutelleridae, and Cydnidae), or specifically only to refer to species in the family Acanthosomatidae.<ref name=bugguide /><ref>{{cite book |first=Bernard |last=Nau|title=Guide to Shieldbugs of the British Isles |year=2004 |publisher=Field Studies Council |isbn=1851538984 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Michael |last=Chinery |title=Insects of Britain & Western Europe |year=1993 |publisher=Harper/Collins |location=London |isbn=0-00-219137-7 |page=72}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=108628#null|title = ITIS Report, Pentatomidae Leach, 1815}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url= http://eol.org/pages/541/overview |encyclopedia= Encyclopedia of Life |title= Acanthosomatidae — Overview}}</ref> The term shield bug refers to the generalized body shape of adult bugs in these families which resembles a heraldic shield when viewed from above.
The American name "stink bug" is specific to the Pentatomidae, and refers to their ability to release a pungent defensive spray when threatened, disturbed, or crushed. The composition of this spray may vary between species, and even by sex or age,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pareja |first1=Martín |last2=Borges |first2=Miguel |last3=Laumann |first3=Raúl A. |last4=Moraes |first4=Maria C.B. |name-list-style=amp |year=2007 |title=Inter- and intraspecific variation in defensive compounds produced by five neotropical stink bug species (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)|journal=Journal of Insect Physiology |volume=53 |issue=7 |pages=639–648 |doi=10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.04.004 |pmid=17574569 |bibcode=2007JInsP..53..639P |url=http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/189245 }}</ref> but generally includes aldehydes and alkanes.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} Descriptions of the smells vary widely, and include oily, dusty, woody and earthy, and like coriander.<ref name= nytimes>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/21/garden/21garden.html |work= New York Times |title= Stink Bugs: It Could Be Worse|date= 21 April 2011 |last1= Raver |first1= Anne }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.terminix.com/pest-control/stink-bugs/facts/what-do-stink-bugs-smell-like/ |work= Terminix Website |title= What's in a name – do stink bugs stink?}}</ref> In some species, the liquid contains cyanide compounds and a rancid almond scent, used to protect themselves and discourage predators.<ref name=nytimes/>
The term "stink bug" may also be a vernacular for unrelated insects such as pinacate beetles (in the genus ''Eleodes'').<ref>{{cite web |title=Pinacate Beetles |url=https://www.desertusa.com/insects/stinkbug.html |work=DesertUSA}}</ref>
==Description== All pentatomids have 5-segmented antennae, and 3 tarsal segments on each foot. They generally have a large triangular scutellum in the center of the back. The body shape of adult pentatomids is generally "shieldlike," when viewed from above, but this varies between species, and is not true for the immature nymphal stages. The forewings of stink bugs are called hemelytra, with the basal half thickened while the apex is membranous. At rest, the wings are laid across the back of the insect, with the membranous wingtips overlapping. The hindwings are entirely membranous.
==Economics== [[File:Heteroptera morphology-d.svg|thumb|Anatomy of the dorsal aspect of a shield bug. A: head; B: thorax; C: abdomen. 1: claws; 2: tarsus; 3: tibia; 4: femur; 8: compound eye; 9: antenna; 10: clypeus; 23: laterotergites (connexivum); 25: pronotum; 26: scutellum; 27: clavus; 28: corium; 29: embolium; 30: hemelytral membrane.]]
Several stink bugs and shield bugs are considered agricultural pests, because they can grow into large populations that feed on crops, damage production, and they are resistant to many pesticides. They are a threat to cotton, corn, sorghum, soybeans, native and ornamental trees, shrubs, vines, weeds, and many cultivated crops.<ref name="Penn State University">{{cite web|title=Brown marmorated stink bug |publisher=Pennsylvania State University |url=http://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/brown-marmorated-stink-bug|access-date=15 June 2012}}</ref>
In Mexico, some species of stink bugs are called ''jumil'', ''chinche de monte'', ''xotlinilli'', or ''chumil'' (e.g. ''Edessa mexicana''). They are most often eaten in the states of Morelos and Guerrero. The flavor is sometimes said to resemble cinnamon, or sometimes a bitter medicinal flavor. ''Jumiles'' may be used for making sauces or as a taco filling.<ref>{{cite web |title=How to Eat Living Stink Bugs... |url=https://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Eat-Alive-Stink-Bugs-58864.shtml |work=Softpedia |date=4 July 2007 }}</ref>
Since its recent arrival in the U.S., the brown marmorated stink bug population has grown significantly. As of October 2014, brown marmorated stink bugs can be found in 41 out of 50 states within the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/10/141017-stinkbugs-insects-science-animals-nation-control/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020013523/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/10/141017-stinkbugs-insects-science-animals-nation-control|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 October 2014|title=Stinkbugs Have Spread to 41 States; Can We Stop Them?|author=Jason Bittel|work=National Geographic|date=18 October 2014 |access-date=28 February 2015}}</ref> In 2016 New Zealand's MPI put out an alert to prevent this invasive species from entering via imported cargo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mpi.govt.nz/news-and-resources/media-releases/mpi-on-high-alert-for-stink-bug/|title=MPI on high alert for stink bug|author=Ministry for Primary Industries New Zealand|work=MPI |access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref>
===Pest control and management=== Changes in winter temperatures may exacerbate the threat posed by Pentatomidae pest species.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Paul |first1=Thomas G. |last2=Cachet |first2=Angus L. |last3=Towles |first3=Tyler B. |last4=Ward |first4=Samuel F. |date=2024 |title=Cold temperatures drive the latitudinal range limits and inhibit overwintering survival of the redbanded stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) |url=https://academic.oup.com/jee/article-abstract/117/3/887/7639558 |journal=Journal of Economic Entomology |volume=117 |issue=3 |pages=887–898|doi=10.1093/jee/toae060 |pmid=38567742 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Habitats that have been identified as suitable for Pentatomidae expansion, such as the Midwest region of the United States, are likely to be heavily impacted by the increased threat.<ref name=":0" /> Furthermore, temperature affects life table parameters, such as survival, development, reproduction, and daily mortality, which can impact a variety of crops depending on the injury stink bugs have on them.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mermer |first1=Serhan |last2=Maslen |first2=Erika A. |last3=Dalton |first3=Daniel T. |last4=Nielsen |first4=Anne L. |last5=Rucker |first5=Ann |last6=Lowenstein |first6=David |last7=Wiman |first7=Nik |last8=Bhattarai |first8=Mukesh |last9=Soohoo-Hui |first9=Alexander |last10=Harris |first10=Edwin T. |last11=Pfab |first11=Ferdinand |last12=Walton |first12=Vaughn M. |date=March 2023 |title=Temperature-Dependent Life Table Parameters of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the United States |journal=Insects |language=en |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=248 |doi=10.3390/insects14030248 |doi-access=free |issn=2075-4450|pmc=10058958 }}</ref>
As the effects of climate change increase the impacts of stinkbugs on crops, improving efficacy of existing controls and developing new solutions will be critical for pest control. Chemical control programs are commonly used to manage stink bugs; however, there is evidence of increasing insecticide resistance that will decrease the efficacy of these programs over time.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Pal |first1=Elisa |last2=Allison |first2=Jeremy D. |last3=Hurley |first3=Brett P. |last4=Slippers |first4=Bernard |last5=Fourie |first5=Gerda |date=May 2023 |title=Life History Traits of the Pentatomidae (Hemiptera) for the Development of Pest Management Tools |journal=Forests |language=en |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=861 |doi=10.3390/f14050861 |doi-access=free |issn=1999-4907|hdl=2263/96454 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Alternatives to insecticides include the removal of symbionts, using traps that disrupt stinkbug vibratory communication and chemical pheromone traps.<ref name=":1" />thumb|''Acoloba lanceolata''
==Taxonomy== There are several subfamilies, of which the Aphylinae is often given family status, but is here retained as a subfamily, following Grazia ''et al.'' (2008).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Grazia |first1=Jocelia |last2=Schuh |first2=Randall T. |last3=Wheeler |first3=Ward C. |name-list-style=amp |year=2008 |title=Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera) |journal=Cladistics |volume=24 |issue=6 |pages=932–976 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00224.x |pmid=34892882 |s2cid=41951432 |url=http://research.amnh.org/scicomp/pdfs/wheeler/Graziaetal2008.pdf }}</ref> The subfamilies include:<ref>[https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id17120/ BioLib.cz]: family shield bugs, Pentatomidae Leach, 1815 (retrieved 30 November 2021)</ref> * Aphylinae <small>Bergroth, 1906</small> – Australia # ''Aphylus'' <small>Bergroth, 1906</small> # ''Neoaphylum'' <small>Štys & Davidová-Vilímová, 2001</small> *Asopinae <small>Spinola, 1850</small> – Worldwide ** ''Troilus'' <small>Stål, 1868</small> *Cyrtocorinae <small>Distant, 1880</small> – Americas # ''Ceratozygum'' <small>Horváth, 1916</small> # ''Cyphothyrea'' <small>Horváth, 1916</small> # ''Cyrtocoris'' <small>White, 1842</small> # ''Pseudocyrtocoris'' <small>Jensen-Haarup, 1926</small> *Discocephalinae <small>Fieber, 1860</small> – Americas ** ''Discocephala'' <small>Laporte, 1832</small> ** ''Ochlerus'' <small>Spinola, 1837</small> ===Edessinae=== Authority: Fieber, 1860 – Americas {{div col|colwidth=20em}} # ''Apheledessa'' {{Au|Souza, Ferreira & Fernandes, 2026}} – Brazilian Atlantic Forest # ''Anisoedessa'' <small>Nunes & Fernandes, 2019</small> # ''Brachystethus'' <small>Laporte, 1833</small> # ''Doesburgedessa'' <small>Fernandes, 2010</small> # ''Edessa (bug)'' <small>Fabricius, 1803</small> # ''Grammedessa'' <small>Correia & Fernandes, 2016</small> # ''Lopadusa'' <small>Stål, 1860</small> # ''Mediocampus'' <small>Thomas, 1994</small> # ''Neopharnus'' <small>Van Duzee, 1910</small> # ''Olbia (bug)'' <small>Stål, 1862</small> # ''Pantochlora'' <small>Stål, 1870</small> # ''Paraedessa'' <small>Silva & Fernandes, 2013</small> # ''Peromatus'' <small>Amyot & Serville, 1843</small> # ''Pharnus'' <small>Stål, 1867</small> # ''Plagaedessa'' <small>Almeida & Fernandes, 2018</small> # ''Platistocoris'' <small>Rider, 1998</small> # ''Praepharnus'' <small>Barber & Bruner, 1932</small> {{div col end}} *Pentatominae <small>Leach, 1815</small> – Worldwide ** ''Bathycoelia'' <small>Amyot & Serville, 1843</small> ** ''Pentatoma'' <small>Olivier, 1789</small> *Phyllocephalinae <small>Amyot & Serville, 1843</small> ** ''Cressona'' <small>Dallas, 1851</small> ** ''Megarrhamphus'' <small>Bergroth, 1891</small> ** ''Phyllocephala'' <small>Laporte, 1833</small> ** ''Tetroda'' <small>Amyot & Serville, 1843</small> *Podopinae <small>Amyot & Serville, 1843</small> ** ''Graphosoma'' <small>Laporte de Castelnau, 1833</small> ** ''Podops'' <small>Laporte de Castelnau, 1833</small> *Serbaninae (monotypic) # ''Serbana borneensis'' <small>Distant, 1906</small> *Stirotarsinae (monotypic: South America) # ''Stirotarsus'' <small>Bergroth, 1911</small> *''incertae sedis'' # ''Antillosciocoris'' <small>Thomas, 2005</small> # ''Asopus'' <small>Burmeister, 1834</small> # ''Jostenicoris'' <small>Arnold, 2011</small>
===European species=== European species within this family include:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fauna.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de/species_list.php |title=Species list in Fauna europaea |access-date=13 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104041/http://fauna.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de/species_list.php |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=18em}} * ''Acrosternum arabicum'' Wagner, 1959 * ''Acrosternum heegeri'' Fieber, 1861 * ''Acrosternum malickyi'' Josifov & Heiss, 1989 * ''Acrosternum millierei'' (Mulsant & Rey, 1866) * ''Acrosternum rubescens'' (Noualhier, 1893) * ''Aelia acuminata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Aelia albovittata'' Fieber, 1868 * ''Aelia angusta'' Stehlik, 1976 * ''Aelia cognata'' Fieber, 1868 * ''Aelia cribrosa'' Fieber, 1868 * ''Aelia furcula'' Fieber, 1868 * ''Aelia germari'' Kuster, 1852 * ''Aelia klugii'' Hahn, 1833 * ''Aelia notata'' Rey, 1887 * ''Aelia rostrata'' Boheman, 1852 * ''Aelia sibirica'' Reuter, 1884 * ''Aelia virgata'' (Herrich-Schäffer, 1841) * ''Ancyrosoma leucogrammes'' (Gmelin, 1790) * ''Andrallus spinidens'' (Fabricius, 1787) * ''Antheminia absinthii'' (Wagner, 1952) * ''Antheminia aliena'' (Reuter, 1891) * ''Antheminia lunulata'' (Goeze, 1778) * ''Antheminia pusio'' (Kolenati, 1846) * ''Antheminia varicornis'' (Jakovlev, 1874) * ''Apodiphus amygdali'' (Germar 1817) * ''Arma custos'' (Fabricius, 1794) * ''Arma insperata'' Horvath, 1899 * ''Asaroticus solskyi'' Jakovlev, 1873 * ''Bagrada abeillei'' Puton, 1881 * ''Bagrada confusa'' Horvath, 1936 * ''Bagrada elegans'' Puton, 1873 * ''Bagrada funerea'' Horvath, 1901 * ''Bagrada hilaris'' (Burmeister, 1835) * ''Bagrada stolida'' (Herrich-Schäffer, 1839) * ''Bagrada turcica'' Horvath, 1936 * ''Brachynema cinctum'' (Fabricius, 1775) * ''Brachynema germarii'' (Kolenati, 1846) * ''Brachynema purpureomarginatum'' (Rambur, 1839) * ''Capnoda batesoni'' Jakovlev, 1889 * ''Carpocoris coreanus'' Distant, 1899 * ''Carpocoris fuscispinus'' (Boheman, 1850) * ''Carpocoris melanocerus'' (Mulsant & Rey, 1852) * ''Carpocoris pudicus'' (Poda, 1761) * ''Carpocoris purpureipennis'' (De Geer, 1773) * ''Chlorochroa juniperina'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Chlorochroa pinicola'' (Mulsant & Rey, 1852) * ''Chlorochroa reuteriana'' (Kirkaldy, 1909) * ''Chroantha ornatula'' (Herrich-Schäffer, 1842) * ''Codophila varia'' (Fabricius, 1787) * ''Crypsinus angustatus'' (Baerensprung, 1859) * ''Derula flavoguttata'' Mulsant & Rey, 1856 * ''Dolycoris baccarum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Dolycoris numidicus'' Horvath, 1908 * ''Dryadocoris apicalis'' (Herrich-Schäffer, 1842) * ''Dybowskyia reticulata'' (Dallas, 1851) * ''Dyroderes umbraculatus'' (Fabricius, 1775) * ''Eudolycoris alluaudi'' (Noualhier, 1893) * ''Eurydema cyanea'' (Fieber, 1864) * ''Eurydema dominulus'' (Scopoli, 1763) * ''Eurydema eckerleini'' Josifov, 1961 * ''Eurydema fieberi'' Schummel, 1837 * ''Eurydema gebleri'' Kolenati, 1846 * ''Eurydema herbacea'' (Herrich-Schäffer, 1833) * ''Eurydema lundbaldi'' Lindberg, 1960 * ''Eurydema maracandica'' Oshanin, 1871 * ''Eurydema nana'' Fuente, 1971 * ''Eurydema oleracea'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Eurydema ornata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Eurydema rotundicollis'' (Dohrn, 1860) * ''Eurydema rugulosa'' (Dohrn, 1860) * ''Eurydema sea'' Pericart & De la Rosa 2004 * ''Eurydema spectabilis'' Horvath, 1882 * ''Eurydema ventralis'' Kolenati, 1846 * ''Eysarcoris aeneus'' (Scopoli, 1763) * ''Eysarcoris ventralis'' (Westwood, 1837) * ''Eysarcoris venustissimus'' (Schrank, 1776) * ''Graphosoma interruptum'' White, 1839 * ''Graphosoma italicum'' (Müller, 1766) * ''Graphosoma lineatum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Graphosoma melanoxanthum'' Horvath, 1903 * ''Graphosoma semipunctatum'' (Fabricius, 1775) * ''Halyomorpha halys'' (Stål, 1855) * ''Holcogaster fibulata'' (Germar 1831) * ''Holcostethus albipes'' (Fabricius, 1781) * ''Holcostethus evae'' Ribes, 1988 * ''Holcostethus sphacelatus'' (Fabricius, 1794) * ''Jalla dumosa'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Leprosoma inconspicuum'' Baerensprung, 1859 * ''Leprosoma stali'' Douglas & Scott, 1868 * ''Leprosoma tuberculatum'' Jakovlev, 1874 * ''Macrorhaphis acuta'' Dallas, 1851 * ''Mecidea lindbergi'' Wagner, 1954 * ''Mecidea pallidissima'' Jensen-Haarup, 1922 * ''Menaccarus arenicola'' (Scholz, 1847) * ''Menaccarus deserticola'' Jakovlev, 1900 * ''Menaccarus dohrnianus'' (Mulsant & Rey, 1866) * ''Menaccarus turolensis'' Fuente, 1971 * ''Mustha spinosula'' (Lefèbvre, 1831) * ''Neostrachia bisignata'' (Walker, 1867) * ''Neottiglossa bifida'' (A. Costa, 1847) * ''Neottiglossa flavomarginata'' (Lucas, 1849) * ''Neottiglossa leporina'' (Herrich-Schäffer, 1830) * ''Neottiglossa lineolata'' (Mulsant & Rey, 1852) * ''Neottiglossa pusilla'' (Gmelin, 1790) * ''Nezara viridula'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Palomena formosa'' Vidal, 1940 * ''Palomena prasina'' (Linnaeus, 1761) * ''Palomena viridissima'' (Poda, 1761) * ''Pentatoma rufipes'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Peribalus congenitus'' Putshkov, 1965 * ''Peribalus inclusus'' (Dohrn, 1860) * ''Peribalus strictus'' (Fabricius, 1803) * ''Perillus bioculatus'' (Fabricius, 1775) * ''Picromerus bidens'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Picromerus brachypterus'' Ahmad & Onder, 1990 * ''Picromerus conformis'' (Herrich-Schäffer, 1841) * ''Picromerus nigridens'' (Fabricius, 1803) * ''Piezodorus lituratus'' (Fabricius, 1794) * ''Piezodorus punctipes'' Puton, 1889 * ''Piezodorus teretipes'' (Stål, 1865) * ''Pinthaeus sanguinipes'' (Fabricius, 1781) * ''Podops annulicornis'' Jakovlev, 1877 * ''Podops calligerus'' Horvath, 1887 * ''Podops curvidens'' Costa, 1843 * ''Podops dilatatus'' Puton, 1873 * ''Podops inunctus'' (Fabricius, 1775) * ''Podops rectidens'' Horvath, 1883 * ''Putonia torrida'' Stål, 1872 * ''Rhacognathus punctatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Rhaphigaster nebulosa'' (Poda, 1761) * ''Rubiconia intermedia'' (Wolff, 1811) * ''Schyzops aegyptiaca'' (Lefèbvre, 1831) * ''Sciocoris angularis'' Puton, 1889 * ''Sciocoris angusticollis'' Puton, 1895 * ''Sciocoris conspurcatus'' Klug, 1845 * ''Sciocoris convexiusculus'' Puton, 1874 * ''Sciocoris cursitans'' (Fabricius, 1794) * ''Sciocoris deltocephalus'' Fieber, 1861 * ''Sciocoris distinctus'' Fieber, 1851 * ''Sciocoris galiberti'' Ribaut, 1926 * ''Sciocoris helferi'' Fieber, 1851 * ''Sciocoris hoberlandti'' Wagner, 1954 * ''Sciocoris homalonotus'' Fieber, 1851 * ''Sciocoris luteolus'' Fieber, 1861 * ''Sciocoris macrocephalus'' Fieber, 1851 * ''Sciocoris maculatus'' Fieber, 1851 * ''Sciocoris microphthalmus'' Flor, 1860 * ''Sciocoris modestus'' Horvath, 1903 * ''Sciocoris ochraceus'' Fieber, 1861 * ''Sciocoris orientalis'' Linnavuori, 1960 * ''Sciocoris pallens'' Klug, 1845 * ''Sciocoris pentheri'' Wagner, 1953 * ''Sciocoris pictus'' Wagner, 1959 * ''Sciocoris sideritidis'' Wollaston, 1858 * ''Sciocoris sulcatus'' Fieber, 1851 * ''Sciocoris umbrinus'' (Wolff, 1804) * ''Sciocoriscanariensis'' Lindberg, 1953 * ''Scotinophara sicula'' (A. Costa, 1841) * ''Scotinophara subalpina'' (Bergroth, 1893) * ''Stagonomus amoenus'' (Brullé, 1832) * ''Stagonomus bipunctatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Stagonomus devius'' Seidenstucker, 1965 * ''Stagonomus grenieri'' (Signoret, 1865) * ''Staria lunata'' (Hahn, 1835) * ''Stenozygum coloratum'' (Klug, 1845) * ''Sternodontus binodulus'' Jakovlev, 1893 * ''Sternodontus obtusus'' Mulsant & Rey, 1856 * ''Tarisa dimidiatipes'' Puton, 1874 * ''Tarisa elevata'' Reuter, 1901 * ''Tarisa flavescens'' Amyot & Serville, 1843 * ''Tarisa pallescens'' Jakovlev, 1871 * ''Tarisa salsolae'' Kerzhner, 1964 * ''Tarisa subspinosa'' (Germar 1839) * ''Tholagmus flavolineatus'' (Fabricius, 1798) * ''Tholagmus strigatus'' (Herrich-Schäffer, 1835) * ''Trochiscocoris hemipterus'' (Jakovlev, 1879) * ''Trochiscocoris rotundatus'' Horvath, 1895 * ''Troilus luridus'' (Fabricius, 1775) * ''Ventocoris achivus'' (Horvath, 1889) * ''Ventocoris falcatus'' (Cyrillus, 1791) * ''Ventocoris fischeri'' (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) * ''Ventocoris halophilum'' (Jakovlev, 1874) * ''Ventocoris modestus'' (Jakovlev, 1880) * ''Ventocoris philalyssum'' (Kiritshenko, 1916) * ''Ventocoris ramburi'' (Horvath, 1908) * ''Ventocoris rusticus'' (Fabricius, 1781) * ''Ventocoris trigonus'' (Krynicki, 1871) * ''Vilpianus galii'' (Wolff, 1802) * ''Zicrona caerulea'' (Linnaeus, 1758) {{div col end}} <gallery> Eurydema oleracea.jpg|{{center|''Eurydema oleracea''}} Image:Chinche hedionda depredadora (Euthyrhynchus floridanus).jpg|''Euthyrhynchus floridanus'', nymph Image:Troilus luridus 20020828.jpg|''Troilus luridus'' Image:Pentatomidae spec.jpg|''Raphigaster nebulosa'' Image:Eurydema ornatum en Tenerife.jpg|''Eurydema ornatum'' File:Perillus nymph.jpg|''Perillus'', nymph File:Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Atelocera sp.jpg|''Atelocera serrata'' </gallery>
==See also== * List of Pentatomidae genera *''Chinavia hilaris'', the green stink bug *''Alcaeorrhynchus grandis'' *''Cosmopepla lintneriana'', the twice-stabbed stink bug *''Halyomorpha halys'', the brown marmorated stink bug *''Oebalus pugnax'', the rice stink bug *''Euthyrhynchus floridanus'', the Florida predatory stink bug
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{Wikispecies|Pentatomidae}} {{Commons category|Pentatomidae}} *[https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/03/12/when-twenty-six-thousand-stinkbugs-invade-your-home When Twenty-Six Thousand Stinkbugs Invade Your Home] by Kathryn Schulz. ''The New Yorker,'' 12 March 2018. Ed Yong called it a "pure delight." *[http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/391284 I.A.D. Robertson: ''The Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Sub-Saharan Africa : a database'']. Malindi, 2009 *[http://www.britishbugs.org.uk/gallery/heteroptera/Pentatomoidea/pentatomoidea.html Shieldbugs of Britain] *[http://www.cirrusimage.com/bugs_stink.htm Stink Bugs of North America] – photos and information *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160608000513/http://www.david.element.ukgateway.net/bugs2shieldbugs2.htm Images of shield bugs] * I. A. D. Robertson: ''The Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Sub-Saharan Africa : a database''. Malindi, 2009. [http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/391284 Online version in Repository Naturalis Leiden]
{{Hemiptera|3}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q652142}}
Category:Pentatomidae Category:Heteroptera families Category:Pentatomoidea Category:Taxa named by William Elford Leach