Prunella (plant)

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in the sage and mint family Lamiaceae}} {{about|the herbaceous plant||Prunella (given name)}}

{{Automatic taxobox |image = Prunella vulgaris - harilik käbihein.jpg |image_caption = ''Prunella vulgaris'' (Common Self-heal) |display_parents = 2 |taxon = Prunella (plant) |authority = L. |synonyms_ref = <ref name=f>{{Cite web|url=https://wcsp.science.kew.org/prepareChecklist.do;jsessionid=C696042A3AC382B77BF89599BC51C037.kppapp05-wcsp?checklist=selected_families%40%40107170420221253660|title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|website=wcsp.science.kew.org}}</ref> |synonyms = *''Brunella'' Mill. *''Prunellopsis'' Kudô }}

'''''Prunella''''' is a genus of herbaceous plants in the family Lamiaceae, also known as '''self-heals''', '''heal-all''', or '''allheal''' for their use in herbal medicine.

==Habitat== Most are native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, but ''Prunella vulgaris'' (common self-heal) is Holarctic in distribution, occurring in North America as well, and is a common lawn weed. Prunellas are low-growing plants, and thrive in moist wasteland and grass, spreading rapidly to cover the ground. They are members of the mint family and have the square stem common to mints.<ref name=f/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200020053|title=Prunella vulgaris in Flora of China @ efloras.org|website=www.efloras.org}}</ref><ref>[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/floraspecie.php?genere=Prunella Altervista Flora Italiana, genere ''Prunella''] includes photos plus range maps for Europe + North America</ref>

==Biological descriptions== The common name "self-heal" derives from the use of some species to treat a range of minor disorders. Self-heal can be grown from seed, or by dividing clumps in spring or autumn.

;Species<ref name=f/> # ''Prunella albanica'' Pénzes – Albania # ''Prunella × bicolor'' Beck – parts of Europe (''P. grandiflora × P. laciniata'') # ''Prunella × codinae'' Sennen – Spain (''P. hyssopifolia × P. laciniata'') # ''Prunella cretensis'' Gand. – Crete # ''Prunella × gentianifolia'' Pau – Spain (''P. hyssopifolia × P. vulgaris'') # ''Prunella grandiflora'' (L.) Scholler – central + southern Europe from Caucasus to Russia; Caucasus # ''Prunella hyssopifolia'' L. – Spain, France, Italy, Morocco # ''Prunella × intermedia'' Link – central + southwestern Europe (''P. laciniata �� P. vulgaris'') # ''Prunella laciniata'' (L.) L – central + southern Europe, North Africa, Middle East # ''Prunella orientalis'' Bornm. – Turkey, Syria # ''Prunella prunelliformis'' (Maxim.) Makino – Japan # ''Prunella × surrecta'' Dumort. – central + southwestern Europe (''P. grandiflora × P. vulgaris'') # ''Prunella vulgaris'' L. – widespread in Europe, North Africa, Asia, North America; naturalized in New Zealand, parts of South America

Subspecies are<ref name="ITIS">{{cite web|title=Prunella vulgaris L.|url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=32381|website=www.itis.gov|publisher=ITIS|access-date=23 June 2016}}</ref> * ''Prunella vulgaris'' ssp. ''aleutica'' (Fernald) Hultén – Aleutian selfheal * ''Prunella vulgaris'' ssp. ''lanceolata'' (W. Bartram) Hultén – lance selfheal * ''Prunella vulgaris'' ssp. ''vulgaris'' (L.) – common selfheal

==Uses== ===Traditional medicine=== {{Infobox Chinese|title=Dried ''Prunella''|t=夏枯草|s=夏枯草|p=xia4 ku1 cao3|y=hah5 fu1 chou2|j=haa5 fu1 cou2|ci={{IPA|yue|ha̬fútsʰǒu|}}}} In the Pacific Northwest, its juice was used by the Quinault and the Quileute on boils.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_prvul2.pdf|title=USDA Plants Database|website=plants.usda.gov}}</ref> They also used the whole plant to treat cuts and inflammations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mdidea.com/products/new/new03905.html |title=Prunella spike History... |access-date=2017-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220152134/https://www.mdidea.com/products/new/new03905.html |archive-date=2018-02-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ointments can be made by fixing{{clarify|reason=the meaning of fixing is not clear in this context|date=August 2018}} the plant with grease. Dried ''Prunella'' ({{zh|c=夏枯草|p=xià kū cǎo}}) is used to make a herbal drink.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/herbs/self-heal/making-self-heal-tea.htm|title=StackPath|website=www.gardeningknowhow.com|date=8 August 2018 }}</ref> Prunella is also used for halitosis, especially when combined with other herbs (e.g. perilla, field mint, etc.). [https://patents.google.com/patent/CN105613880A/en Herbal tea for treating ozostomia caused by oral local lesion]

===Food uses=== The mildly bitter leaves are also good as salad greens. ''Prunella'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some ''Lepidoptera'' species including ''Coleophora albitarsella''.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}}

===As a health supplement=== ''Prunella vulgaris'' is used as an ingredient in some bodybuilding supplements.

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Bibliography== * {{cite journal |date=2015-03-03 |first1=Vedran |last1=Šegota |first2=Antun |last2=Alegro |first3=Anja |last3=Rimac |first4=Renata |last4=Šoštarić |first5=Zorana |last5=Sedlar |first6=Ljiljana |last6=Borovečki-Voska |first7=Behija |last7=Salkić |title=Nova nalazišta hibrida roda Prunella L. u Hrvatskoj |pages=4–6 |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/135730 |journal=Glasnik Hrvatskog botaničkog društva |eissn=1848-8102 |volume=3 |issue=1 |language=hr |trans-title=New Find Sites of Hybrids of the Genus Prunella L. in Croatia}}

Category:Prunella (plant) Category:Lamiaceae genera Category:Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine Category:Plants used in traditional Native American medicine Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

Prunella (plant)

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