{{Short description|Proposal for a second referendum}} {{Brexit sidebar}} {{United Kingdom in the European Union}} A referendum on the Brexit withdrawal agreement, also referred to as a "second referendum",{{efn|Following the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum. A few commentators, such as ''New Statesman'' political editor Stephen Bush, prefer ''third referendum'', counting both the 2016 referendum and the 1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/staggers/2018/01/what-would-happen-if-there-was-second-eu-referendum|title=What would happen if there was a second EU referendum?|first=Stephen|last=Bush|access-date=12 January 2018|date=26 February 2019|newspaper=New Statesman}}</ref>}} a "rerun", a "people's vote",{{efn|People's Vote is the name of a pressure group. For that reason, some broadcasters avoid the term or prefer "so-called people's vote"}} or a "confirmatory public vote", was proposed by a number of politicians and pressure groups as a way to break the deadlock during the 2017–19 Parliament surrounding the meaningful vote on the Brexit deal.
Following the invocation of Article 50 to begin Brexit negotiations, most proposals for a new referendum suggested a choice between accepting the negotiated withdrawal agreement and remaining in the EU, sometimes with the additional option to leave the EU with no deal. In the case of a three-option referendum, voting systems such as supplementary vote,<ref name=Greening/> and Borda count<ref>{{cite news |last1=Xefteris |first1=Dimitrios |last2=Troumpounis |first2=Orestis |title=Brexit deadlock: this three-way referendum design could break it |url=https://theconversation.com/brexit-deadlock-this-three-way-referendum-design-could-break-it-108217 |access-date=28 May 2019 |work=The Conversation |language=en}}</ref> were suggested to allow people to state their second preferences.
Reasons that were cited as justification include campaign finance violations by Vote Leave and Leave.EU, the alleged use of data illicitly harvested by Cambridge Analytica,<ref>{{cite news |title=Brexit result has been thrown into question by the Cambridge Analytica data scandal, says Tory MP |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-vote-result-second-referendum-cambridge-analytica-antoinette-sandbach-mp-a8325636.html |access-date=26 May 2019 |work=The Independent |date=30 April 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Whistleblower: 'Cambridge Analytica scandal helped Brexit vote' |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/cambridge-analytica-whistleblower-calls-for-second-referendum-as-he-tells-meps-data-scandal-caused-a3855216.html |access-date=26 May 2019 |work=Evening Standard |date=4 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref> allegations of Russian interference through fake social media accounts and allegedly through funding,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=McGaughey |first1=Ewan |title=Could Brexit Be Void? |date=16 August 2018 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3232632 |ssrn=3232632 |s2cid=219363646 |language=en}}</ref> arguments that the "Leave" camp promoted misinformation,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fletcher |first1=Martin |title=The "will of the people" is not set in stone – a second referendum is the only way to heal the nation |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2019/04/will-people-not-set-stone-second-referendum-only-way-heal-nation |access-date=26 May 2019 |work=New Statesman |date=10 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref> a gradual shift in public opinion, fuelled in part by demographic changes such as adolescents who were too young to take part in the first referendum reaching voting age,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ford |first1=Robert |title=Brexit: how do voters feel about the EU now? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global/2019/mar/30/how-do-brexit-voters-feel-about-the-eu-now |access-date=26 May 2019 |work=The Observer |date=30 March 2019}}</ref> and that the eventually-arranged terms of Brexit were unknown at the time of the original vote.<ref>{{cite web |title=The need for a second referendum |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/news-and-events/oxford-and-brexit/brexit-analysis/second-referendum |website=www.ox.ac.uk |publisher=University of Oxford |access-date=26 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=McRae |first1=Belinda |last2=Lodder |first2=Andrew |title=There's a democratic case for a second referendum – this is how it can be done |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/staggers/2016/07/theres-democratic-case-second-referendum-how-it-can-be-done |access-date=26 May 2019 |work=New Statesman |language=en}}</ref>
The most widely discussed proposal was a referendum between "Remain" and "Accept the deal", which was promoted by the People's Vote pressure group.{{failed verification|date=April 2019}} This was the official position of the Liberal Democrats, the Green Party of England and Wales, Plaid Cymru and the Scottish National Party. The Labour Party also adopted this position in September 2019.<ref name=BBCLabourEndorsement>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Brexit: Labour manifesto to offer vote on Leave and Remain |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-49646544 |work=BBC News |date=10 September 2019 |access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref> The Conservative Party and Brexit Party were opposed to any referendum.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/dc4bcc06-1a46-11e9-9e64-d150b3105d21|title=Where parliament's warring tribes stand on what next for Brexit|date=17 January 2019|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref>
On 12 December 2019, the Conservative Party, led by Boris Johnson, won an 80-seat overall majority in the 2019 general election, albeit on 43.6% of the vote (whereas 51.5% had voted for parties supporting a new referendum). This ended the possibility of any referendum on the withdrawal agreement being held before ratification by the UK Parliament or before the UK left the European Union. Subsequently, the UK Parliament passed the European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020 which received royal assent on 23 January 2020, and the United Kingdom formally left the European Union at 23:00 GMT on 31 January 2020.
==History== A few weeks after the referendum, an e-petition, originally set up beforehand on 25 May 2016 by a member of the Leave-supporting English Democrats,{{failed verification|date=May 2019}} demanding it be re-run in the event that a supermajority was not reached, became the most popular petition on the site, receiving 4,150,262 signatures.<ref>{{cite news|title=Petition: EU Referendum Rules triggering a 2nd EU Referendum |url=https://petition.parliament.uk/petitions/131215|access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref> On 5 September 2016, the petition received a non-binding debate by Members of Parliament (MPs) in the Grand Committee Room of Parliament's Westminster Hall but its proposal was rejected.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2016-09-05/debates/D2FA95BF-6E07-497D-83A4-0B7341384289/EUReferendumRules|title=Westminster Hall: EU Referendum Rules |date=5 September 2016|access-date=1 November 2019|newspaper=Hansard}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jul/09/government-dashes-hopes-of-second-eu-referendum-in-e-petition-response|title=Brexit: no second EU referendum despite e-petition, says government |date=10 July 2016|access-date=26 February 2019|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Nicola|last=Slawson}}</ref>
The Liberal Democrats and Green Party went into the 2017 general election campaigning in favour of a second referendum,<ref>{{cite news |title='This is your chance,' Lib Dems tell voters opposed to Hard Brexit |url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/15230750._This_is_your_chance___Lib_Dems_tell_voters_opposed_to_Hard_Brexit/ |access-date=23 April 2017 |work=The Herald |date=18 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-second-eu-referendum-green-party-caroline-lucas-leader-elected-a7222221.html |title=Green Party leader Caroline Lucas calls for second EU referendum |date=2 September 2016 |work=The Independent|access-date=19 April 2017 }}</ref> and a minority of pro-EU rebels from Labour and the Conservatives also spoke in favour of it.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}} These{{clarify|date=April 2019}} allied in April 2018 into the People's Vote campaign group.<ref name="BBC_Launch">{{cite news | last = Staff writer | title = Brexit: 'People's Vote' campaign group launched | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43774200 | work = BBC News | date = 15 April 2018 | access-date = 26 February 2019}}</ref> After several cabinet ministers resigned in protest at the Chequers statement setting out the Government's position in the Brexit negotiations, Conservative MP Justine Greening proposed a three-way referendum, using the supplementary vote system in an attempt to avoid vote splitting.<ref name=Greening>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jul/16/back-second-brexit-vote-says-conservative-mp-justine-greening|title=Justine Greening endorses second Brexit referendum |date=16 July 2018|access-date=26 February 2019|first1=Dan|last1=Sabbagh|first2=Peter|last2=Walker|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>
The leader of the Trades Union Congress, which is closely allied with Labour, said at its 2018 conference that it would declare in favour of a second referendum if the government failed to get "the deal that working people need".<ref name="TUC">{{cite news|title=Brexit: TUC issues new EU referendum warning to May|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-45464115|date=8 September 2018|website=BBC News}}</ref> On 25 September 2018, delegates at the Labour Party Conference voted in favour of a motion that if Labour did not support Theresa May's deal, and if subsequent attempts to call another general election failed, the party should explore all options, including a second referendum.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/09/25/uk/brexit-labour-conference-second-referendum-intl/index.html|title=The chances of a second Brexit referendum just got higher|first1=Lauren|last1=Said-Moorhouse|first2=Nada|last2=Bashir|work=CNN|date=26 September 2018|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> In early December 2018, the ''Financial Times'' reported that Leave groups had also started preparing for another referendum.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/080d418a-f887-11e8-8b7c-6fa24bd5409c|title=Lynton Crosby aide working behind the scenes with Eurosceptics on strategy for new vote|date=7 December 2018|access-date=26 February 2019|first=Sebastian|last=Payne|newspaper=Financial Times}}</ref>
The Labour leadership did not make any commitments to a referendum in January 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/jan/20/corbyn-holds-back-from-conceding-to-calls-for-second-eu-referendum|title=Corbyn holds back from conceding to calls for second EU referendum |date=21 January 2019|access-date=26 February 2019|first1=Heather|last1=Stewart|first2=Jessica|last2=Elgot|work=The Guardian}}</ref> On 18 February 2019, seven pro-EU MPs resigned from the Labour Party to form The Independent Group (TIG). Over the following days, another Labour MP and three Conservative Party MPs joined them. All eleven{{failed verification|date=April 2019}} supported a referendum.<ref name=nsqa>{{cite news |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2019/02/qa-who-are-independent-group-and-what-do-they-stand |title=Q&A: Who are the Independent Group and what do they stand for? |work=New Statesman|last= Maguire |first=Patrick|date=18 February 2019 |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218155003/https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2019/02/qa-who-are-independent-group-and-what-do-they-stand |archive-date=18 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The following week, the Labour Party announced that it would put forward its own second referendum amendment if its attempts to safeguard workers' rights, Single market access and Customs Union membership failed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/feb/25/labour-to-back-moves-for-second-brexit-referendum|title=Jeremy Corbyn: we'll back a second referendum to stop Tory no-deal Brexit |date=25 February 2019|access-date=26 February 2019|first1=Jessica|last1=Elgot|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>
In September 2019, the Labour Party adopted the position of holding a public vote on whether to leave or remain regardless of which party negotiated the withdrawal agreement.<ref name=BBCLabourEndorsement />
===Parliamentary votes=== The proposal for a referendum on the withdrawal agreement was first put to Parliament on 14 March 2019 in an amendment (tabled by Sarah Wollaston) to the motion to request the first extension to the Article 50 deadline, where it was rejected by 85–334, with the Labour Party (and all but 43 of its MPs) abstaining.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-politics-47575445|title=MPs reject a second Brexit referendum by 334 votes to 85|publisher=BBC|date=14 March 2019|access-date=9 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://commonsvotes.digiminster.com/Divisions/Details/629|title=UK's withdrawal from the European Union: Sarah Wollaston's amendment (h)|website=CommonsVotes.DigiMinister.com|date=n.d.|access-date=9 October 2019}}</ref>
On 27 March and 1 April 2019, a series of indicative votes was held, both times including a referendum on the withdrawal agreement among the proposals. All proposals failed, with those for such a referendum receiving in the first round 268 Ayes, 295 Noes and 71 abstentions (a majority of 27) and in the second round 280 Ayes, 292 Noes and 62 abstentions (a majority of 12). In both rounds, it was the proposal second-closest to receiving an affirmative majority.
==Opinion polling== {{main|Opinion polling on the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union (2016–2020)|Opinion polling on the United Kingdom rejoining the European Union (2020–present)}}
{{multiple image | direction = vertical | width = 220 | footer = Opinion polling (since the 2016 referendum) on whether the UK should leave or remain in the EU{{legend|#0069b5|Leave}}{{legend|#ffc010|Remain}} | image1 = Brexit_post-referendum_polling_-_Remain-Leave-Neither.svg | alt1 = | caption1 = With "Neither" responses | image2 = Brexit_post-referendum_polling_-_Remain-Leave.svg | alt2 = | caption2 = Normalised }}
Polling companies asked questions based on a hypothetical future referendum after the 2016 referendum. For most of 2016 and 2017, public opinion was consistently against another referendum<ref>{{cite news|url=https://yougov.co.uk/news/2018/07/27/first-time-more-people-support-second-referendum/|title=For the first time, more people support a second referendum|first=Smith |last=Matthew |date=27 July 2018|work= YouGov|access-date=24 August 2018}}</ref> and in the event one was called, polling suggested the Leave option would win again. As Brexit negotiations continued however, the Leave lead consistently slipped and public support for another referendum grew.<ref name=Polls/> {{As of|February 2019}}, no poll in the Britain Elects poll-tracker had shown a lead for Leave since April 2018, and political scientist John Curtice has noted "a modest but discernible softening of the Leave vote".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://britainelects.com/polling/europe/|title=Would Britain vote for Brexit again?|website=Britain Elects|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Polls>{{cite web|url=https://whatukthinks.org/eu/has-there-been-a-shift-in-support-for-brexit/|title=Has There Been a Shift in Support for Brexit?|first=John|last=Curtice|date=8 February 2019|access-date=26 February 2019|website=What UK Thinks|publisher=National Centre for Social Research}}</ref>
The results of polls asking ''whether'' a further referendum should be held varied depending on how the question was phrased: in general a "second referendum" was less popular than a "public vote" or similar descriptor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whatukthinks.org/eu/a-question-of-wording-another-look-at-polling-on-a-second-referendum/|title=A Question of Wording? Another Look at Polling on a Second Referendum|website=What UK Thinks: EU|language=en-GB|access-date=30 March 2019}}</ref>
Following the scale of Conservative rebellion to the Chequers statement became clear, some polls asked a three-way preference between "Remain", "Deal" and "No deal". The results in this case depended to a great degree on the choice of voting system – a first-past-the-post system for example might see a large Remain win due to vote splitting between the two Leave options.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deltapoll.co.uk/steve-fisher-condorcet|title=Deal or No Deal or Remain|first=Steve|last=Fisher|website=Deltapoll|date=29 November 2018|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref>
===Support for a future referendum=== A poll conducted in December 2022 by Savanta, 65% of voters were in favor of holding a second referendum, while 24% were opposed (11% do not know).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-01 |title=Two-thirds of Britons now support future referendum on rejoining the EU after Brexit |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-poll-referendum-rejoin-eu-b2250813.html |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref>
The following table shows the support for a public vote on the withdrawal agreement or a second EU referendum according to polls conducted Between the 2016 referendum and 2020. {{Brexit/Post-referendum_opinion_polling:_Second_Referendum_Support}}
==Advocates== ===Political parties=== {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * Liberal Democrats<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/oct/15/lib-dems-in-renewed-push-for-second-brexit-referendum-vote |title=Lib Dems in renewed push for second Brexit referendum vote |last=Proctor |first=Kate |date=15 October 2019 |work=The Guardian |access-date=28 October 2019 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> * Green Party of England and Wales<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.greenparty.org.uk/news/2019/05/27/green-party-says-case-for-the-people%E2%80%99s-vote-is-now-overwhelming/|title=Green Party says case for the People's Vote is now overwhelming|website=The Green Party|date=27 May 2019|access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref> * Scottish Green Party<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news-2-15012/brexit-scottish-green-party-formally-back-people-s-vote-campaign-1-4817806|title=Brexit: Scottish Green Party formally back People's Vote campaign|website=The Scotsman|date=20 October 2018|access-date=22 December 2019|url-access=limited}}</ref> * Green Party Northern Ireland<ref name="belfast">{{cite web|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/hundreds-of-people-attend-peoples-vote-rally-in-belfast-38497142.html|title=Hundreds of people attend People's Vote rally in Belfast|website=Belfast Telegraph|date=14 September 2019|access-date=22 December 2019|last=McCurry|first=Cate}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greenpartyni.org/peoples-vote-a-must-following-government-brexit-deal-defeat/|title=People's Vote a must following Government Brexit deal defeat|website=The Green Party Northern Ireland|date=15 September 2019|access-date=22 December 2019|last=Bailey|first=Clare|archive-date=22 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222191332/http://www.greenpartyni.org/peoples-vote-a-must-following-government-brexit-deal-defeat/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Peace Party<ref>{{cite tweet|user=PeacePartyUK|number=1010471878463508485|title=Peace Party asks you to consider signing the People's Vote Petition to demand a vote on the Brexit deal. We, the people, have the democratic right to determine our own future – SIGN THE PETITION: https://www.peoples-vote.uk/petition #PeoplesVote #PeoplesVoteMarch|date=23 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://peaceparty.org.uk/the-peace-party-continues-to-support-uk-mebership-of-the-european-union/|title=The Peace Party continues to support UK membership of the European Union|website=The Peace Party|access-date=22 December 2019|last=Morris|first=John}}</ref> * Renew Britain<ref>{{cite web | last = Staff writer | title = The People's Vote March for the Future – Renew Party | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181021190806/https://www.renewparty.org.uk/the_people_s_vote_march_for_the_future | archive-date = 21 October 2018 | url = https://www.renewparty.org.uk/the_people_s_vote_march_for_the_future | website = renewparty.org.uk | publisher = Renew Britain | date = 21 October 2018 | access-date = 21 October 2018}}</ref> * National Health Action Party<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nhaparty.org/nha-agm-passes-motion-supporting-peoples-vote/|title=NHA AGM passes motion supporting People's Vote|website=NHA Party|date=12 November 2018|access-date=22 December 2019|last=Ashman|first=Alex}}</ref> * Radical Party<ref>{{cite tweet|user=radicalpartyuk|number=1194157721068752896|title=Just made a donation to People's Vote|date=11 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theradicalparty.uk/blog/voters-are-not-prisoners-of-the-referendum|title=Voters are not prisoners of the Referendum|website=The Radical Party|date=6 February 2019|access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref> * Scottish National Party<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-45760207|title=Brexit: SNP would back 'People's Vote' calls, says Sturgeon|website=BBC News|date=7 October 2018|access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-47671507|title=Sturgeon joins London march for second Brexit referendum|website=BBC News|date=23 March 2019|access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref> * Plaid Cymru<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.partyof.wales/peoples_vote_is_the_only_way_out_of_this_brexit_mess|title=A People's Vote is the only way out of this Brexit mess|website=The Party of Wales|date=5 June 2019|access-date=22 December 2019|archive-date=22 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222191334/https://www.partyof.wales/peoples_vote_is_the_only_way_out_of_this_brexit_mess|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Mebyon Kernow<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mebyonkernow.org/news/article.php?id=358|title=It is clear from the inability of the Westminster Parliament to find a way forward, that the people of the United Kingdom should be given a say on what should happen next through a People's Vote.|website=Mebyon Kernow – The Party for Cornwall|date=16 January 2019|access-date=22 December 2019|last=Cole|first=Dick}}</ref> * Alliance Party of Northern Ireland<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allianceparty.org/brexit|title=Brexit|website=Alliance Party of Northern Ireland|access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref> * Social Democratic and Labour Party<ref name="belfast"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50315252|title=General election 2019: A simple guide to the SDLP|website=BBC News|date=4 December 2019|access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref> * Women's Equality Party<ref>{{cite web | title = Conference 2018 Motion Outcomes | url = https://www.womensequality.org.uk/conf_18_motions_results | website = womensequality.org.uk | publisher = Women's Equality Party | date = 9 September 2018 | access-date = 25 January 2019}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20190125170205/https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/womensequality/pages/5824/attachments/original/1535466047/Brexit_amended_motion_2018_(1).pdf Text.] and [https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/euromove/pages/3887/attachments/original/1541491140/a1d48d20-ddfd-4e37-b877-899ebccbac3c.jpg?1541491140 image of WEP co-founder Catherine Mayer] at People's Vote rally at Parliament (in WEP jumper and tan, peaked hat).</ref> * UK European Union Party<ref>{{cite web | title = Letter to Rt Hon Matt Hancock MP supporting #PeoplesVote | url = https://www.4freedomsparty.eu/news/letter-to-rt-hon-matt-hancock-supporting-peoplesvote | website = 4freedomsparty.eu | publisher = UK European Union Party | date = 15 November 2018 | access-date = 14 December 2019}}</ref> * The Independent Group for Change<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-47949665|title=Change UK party approved for European elections|website=BBC News|date=16 April 2019|access-date=22 December 2019|quote=Since then, the group has been a vocal supporter of the "People's Vote" campaign, calling for another referendum on Brexit.}}</ref> * Labour Party<ref name=BBCLabourEndorsement /> * UK EPP<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.4freedomsparty.eu/news/letter-to-rt-hon-matt-hancock-supporting-peoplesvote|title=Letter to Rt Hon Matt Hancock MP supporting #PeoplesVote|date=15 November 2018|access-date=22 December 2019|website=4 Freedoms Party (UK EPP)}}</ref> * Left Unity<ref>{{cite tweet|user=LeftUnityUK|number=1053358373289234432|title=Join us for the People's Vote March: make the case for Another Europe.|date=19 October 2018}}</ref> * Advance Together<ref>{{cite tweet|user=AnnabelMullin|number=1181833774453137408|title=What a day for a People's Vote March! @peoplesvote_uk #BrexitChaos|date=9 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|user=AnnabelMullin|number=1201188809158877184|title=There is zero chance of a Labour majority, a hung parliament could give us a new referendum based on Boris' 'Deal' or remain and then we could actually get Brexit done...away with|date=1 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.advancetogether.org.uk/learn_more#our_vision|title=Learn more|website=Advance Together|access-date=22 December 2019|quote=And, despite the UK's current trajectory, we will continue to work towards a future anchored in the security and prosperity afforded by full membership of the European Union.}}</ref> * Animal Welfare Party<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animalwelfareparty.org/vision/2019-eu-parliament-manifesto/|website=Animal Welfare Party|title=2019 EU Parliament Manifesto|date=5 May 2019|access-date=23 December 2019}}</ref> {{div col end}}
===Members of Parliament=== {{Incomplete list|date=September 2019}}
====Labour Party==== {{Endorsements box | title = Labour Party MPs who advocated a referendum on the proposed withdrawal agreement | columns = yes | list = *Jeremy Corbyn, Leader of the Opposition (2015–20)<ref name=BBCLabourEndorsement /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://labour.org.uk/latest/stories/labour-demands-brexit-public-vote/ |title=The next Prime Minister should put their Brexit deal or No Deal back to the people |last=Corbyn |first=Jeremy |date=9 July 2019 |website=The Labour Party |publisher=Labour Party |access-date=16 September 2019 |quote=Whoever becomes the new Prime Minister should have the confidence to put their deal, or No Deal, back to the people in a public vote.}}</ref>{{efn|Labour membership suspended: 29 October 2020 – 17 November 2020; whip suspended since 29 October 2020}} *John McDonnell, Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer (2016–20)<ref>{{cite web|last=Schofield|first=Kevin|url=https://www.politicshome.com/news/article/watch-john-mcdonnell-demands-labour-supports-a-second-referendum-in-all-circumstances|title=WATCH: John McDonnell demands Labour supports a second referendum in all circumstances|work=Politics Home|date=27 May 2019|access-date=22 May 2023}}</ref> *Keir Starmer, Shadow Brexit Secretary (2016–20)<ref name=ITVWatsonStarmer /> *Tom Watson, Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (2015–20)<ref name=ITVWatsonStarmer>{{cite news |last=Brand|first=Paul|title=Labour leadership divisions open as Corbyn and Watson disagree on election |url=https://www.itv.com/news/2019-09-11/labour-second-referendum-or-general-election/ |work=ITV News |date=11 September 2019 |access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref> *Rushanara Ali<ref name=BI>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/labour-mps-join-peoples-vote-campaign-for-new-brexit-referendum-pressure-jeremy-corbyn-2019-1?r=US&IR=T|title=More Labour MPs join campaign to force Corbyn to back new Brexit referendum|date=16 Jan 2019|website=Business Insider|access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref><ref name=Sabbagh>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/dansabbagh/status/1085479451985616896|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519152919/https://twitter.com/dansabbagh/status/1085479451985616896|title=Labour MPs signing this morning's statement...71|date=16 January 2019|archive-date=19 May 2021|access-date=24 May 2023|last=Sabbagh|first=Dan|website=Twitter}}</ref> *Debbie Abrahams<ref name=GuardianJan>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/jan/16/labour-mps-declare-support-for-second-brexit-referendum|title=Labour MPs declare support for second Brexit referendum|date=16 January 2019|website=The Guardian|last=Sabbagh|first=Dan|access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref> *Tonia Antoniazzi<ref name=BI/> *Luciana Berger<ref name=BI/> *Margaret Beckett<ref name=BI/> *Roberta Blackman-Woods, Shadow Minister for Planning (2018–19)<ref name=BI/> *Ben Bradshaw<ref name=BI/> *Chris Bryant, Chair of the Commons Finance Committee (2017–19)<ref name=BI/> *Karen Buck<ref name=BI/> *Ruth Cadbury<ref name=BI/> *Jenny Chapman, Shadow Brexit Minister (2016–20)<ref name=GuardianOct>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/oct/17/corbyn-refuses-to-confirm-backing-for-second-referendum-on-johnsons-deal|title=Remain MPs hold off on forcing vote on second EU referendum|date=17 October 2019|access-date=22 May 2023|website=The Guardian}}</ref> *Ann Clwyd<ref name=BI/> *Neil Coyle<ref name=BI/> *Mary Creagh, Chair of the Environmental Audit Committee (2016–19)<ref name=BI/> *Stella Creasy<ref name=Creasy>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/jan/16/mps-brexit-citizens-assembly-lisa-nandy-stella-creasy|title=MPs alone won't solve the Brexit deadlock. We need a citizens' assembly|date=16 January 2019|access-date=24 May 2023|website=The Guardian}}</ref> *Alex Cunningham, Shadow Minister for Housing (2019–20)<ref name=BI/> *Janet Daby<ref name=BI/> *Geraint Davies<ref name=BI/> *Stephen Doughty<ref name=GuardianJan/> *Rosie Duffield<ref name=BI/> *Maria Eagle<ref name=BI/> *Louise Ellman<ref name=BI/> *Peter Kyle<ref name=GuardianOct/> *Mike Gapes<ref name=BI/> *Kate Green, Chair of the Committee on Privileges and Chair of the Committee on Standards (2018–20)<ref name=BI/> *Lilian Greenwood, Chair of the Transport Select Committee (2017–20)<ref name=GuardianJan/> *John Grogan<ref name=GuardianJan/> *Margaret Hodge<ref name=BI/> *Rupa Huq<ref name=BI/> *Darren Jones<ref name=BI/> *Graham Jones<ref name=GuardianJan/> *Liz Kendall<ref name=BI/> *Ged Killen<ref name=BI/> *Peter Kyle<ref name=BI/> *David Lammy<ref name=BI/> *Seema Malhotra<ref name=BI/> *Kerry McCarthy<ref name=BI/> *Stephen Morgan, Shadow Minister for Communities (2019–20)<ref name=GuardianJan/> *Bridget Phillipson<ref name=GuardianJan/> *Anna Turley, Chair of the Co-operative Party (2019)<ref name=BI/> *Matt Western<ref name=GuardianJan/> *Martin Whitfield<ref name=BI/> *Paul Williams<ref name=BI/> *Phil Wilson<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/brexit/2019/03/05/no-majority-in-parliament-for-a-second-referendum-for-now/|title=No majority in Parliament for a second referendum – for now|work=London School of Economics|date=5 March 2019|access-date=22 May 2022|last=Dunin-Wasowicz|first=Roch}}</ref> *Daniel Zeichner<ref name=BI/> }}
====Liberal Democrats==== {{Endorsements box | title = Liberal Democrat MPs who advocated a referendum on the proposed withdrawal agreement | columns = yes | list =
*Jo Swinson, Leader of the Liberal Democrats (2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channel4.com/news/factcheck/factcheck-jo-swinsons-track-record-on-brexit|title=Jo Swinson's track record on Brexit|website=Channel 4 News|last=Williams|first=Martin|date=19 September 2019|access-date=22 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/oct/15/lib-dems-in-renewed-push-for-second-brexit-referendum-vote|title=Lib Dems in renewed push for second Brexit referendum vote|date=15 October 2019|last=Proctor|first=Kate|website=The Guardian|access-date=22 May 2022}}</ref> *Heidi Allen<ref name=IGFC>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-47306022|title=Independent Group: Three MPs quit Tory party to join|date=20 February 2019|access-date=24 May 2023|website=BBC News}}</ref> *Philip Lee<ref name=factions/> *Chuka Umunna<ref name=BI/><ref name=Peston>{{cite web|url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/a-labour-split-may-make-a-second-referendum-less-likely/|title=A Labour split may make a second referendum less likely|website=The Spectator|last=Peston|first=Robert|date=18 February 2019|access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref> *Sarah Wollaston<ref name=IGFC/><ref name=factions/> }}
====Independent==== {{Endorsements box | title = Independent MPs who advocated a referendum on the proposed withdrawal agreement | columns = yes | list = *Guto Bebb<ref name=factions>{{cite news |last=Wheeler |first=Brian |title=The Brexit factions reshaping UK politics |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-44870393 |work=BBC News |date=11 September 2018 |access-date=15 September 2018 |quote=Sarah Wollaston, has joined the People's Vote campaign along with Phillip Lee and Guto Bebb}}</ref> *Ann Coffey<ref name=BI/> *Chris Leslie<ref name=Peston/><ref name=BI/> *Gavin Shuker<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lbc.co.uk/radio/presenters/iain-dale/labour-mp-second-referendum-no-deal-brexit/|title=Labour MP Calling For Second Referendum Admits No-Deal Is Most Likely|date=29 November 2018|website=LBC|access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref> *Anna Soubry<ref name=IGFC/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-news-second-referendum-peoples-vote-theresa-may-commons-a8850401.html|title=Second Brexit referendum plan can be agreed by MPs in coming days, Anna Soubry says|date=2 April 2019|access-date=24 May 2023|website=Independent|last=Merrick|first=Rob}}</ref> }}
==See also== *Proposed second Scottish independence referendum
==Notes== {{notelist}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum}}
Category:Proposed referendums Ref Category:Proposals in the United Kingdom Category:Keir Starmer Category:Jeremy Corbyn Category:Premiership of Theresa May