Screeve

{{Short description|Georgian grammar system}} {{Georgians}} '''Mts'k'rivi''' ({{lang-ka|მწკრივი}} {{IPA|ka|mts'krivi||Ka-მწკრივი-Nicodene.ogg}}; {{gloss|row}}<ref>Mantovani, p. 124</ref>), known as '''screeve''' is a term of grammatical description in traditional Georgian grammar that roughly corresponds to tense–aspect–mood marking in the Western grammatical tradition. ==Grammar== Formally, it refers to a set of six verb forms inflected for person and number forming a single paradigm. For example, the aorist screeve for most verbal forms consists at least of a preverb ({{lang|ka|და-}} {{Transliteration|ka|da-}} {{gloss|{{gcl|PFV}}}}), a root ({{lang|ka|წერ}} {{Transliteration|ka|ts’er}} {{gloss|write}}), and a screeve ending ({{lang|ka|-ე}} {{Transliteration|ka|-e}}, {{lang|ka|-ა}} {{Transliteration|ka|-a}}, {{lang|ka|-ეს}} {{Transliteration|ka|-es}}), and in the first and second persons a plural suffix ({{lang|ka|-თ}} {{Transliteration|ka|-t}}) to form the inflection ({{lang|ka|დაწერეთ}} {{Transliteration|ka|dats'eret}}):<ref>Aronson, p. 41</ref>

{| class="wikitable" ! ! Singular ! Plural |- ! 1st person | {{fs interlinear|lang=ka| დავწერ'''ე'''|davts’er'''e'''|'I wrote it'}} | {{fs interlinear|lang=ka|დავწერ'''ე'''თ|davts'er'''e'''t|'We wrote it'}} |- ! 2nd person | {{fs interlinear|lang=ka|დაწერ'''ე'''|dats’er'''e'''|'You (singular) wrote it'}} | {{fs interlinear|lang=ka|დაწერ'''ე'''თ|dats’er'''e'''t|'You (plural) wrote it'}} |- ! 3rd person | {{fs interlinear|lang=ka|დაწერ'''ა'''|dats’er'''a'''|'He/she wrote it'}} | {{fs interlinear|lang=ka|დაწერ'''ეს'''|dats’er'''es'''|'They wrote it'}} |}

Similar constructions exist in Western grammars, but screeves differ from them in significant ways. In many Western languages, endings encode all of tense, aspect and mood, but in Georgian, the screeve endings may or may not include one of these categories. For example, the perfect series screeves have modal and evidential properties that are completely absent in the aorist and present/future series screeves, such that {{lang|ka|წერილი დაუწერია}} {{Transliteration|ka|ts’erili dauts’eria}} {{gloss|He has apparently written the letter}} implies that the speaker knows the letter is written because (for example) they have seen the finished letter sitting on a table. However, the present form {{lang|ka|წერილს დაწერს}} {{Transliteration|ka|ts’erils dats’ers}} {{gloss|He will write the letter}} is simply neutral with respect to the question of how the speaker knows (or does not know) that the letter will be written.

==References== {{Reflist}} ==Bibliography== * {{Cite book |last=Aronson |first=Howard I. |title=Georgian : a reading grammar |publisher=Slavica Publishers |year=1990 |isbn=9780893572075 |edition=Corrected |location=Columbus, OH |oclc=21970517}} *Mantovani, Luigi (1997) Piccola grammatica della lingua georgiana, Urban Publ. {{ISBN|978-88-86205-39-9}} ==External links== *{{wti}}

Category:Grammatical conjugation Category:Georgian language