{{Short description|Species of bird}} {{For|the city and special administrative region of China|Macau}} {{Speciesbox | name = Scarlet macaw | image = Scarlet macaw (Ara macao cyanopterus) Copan.jpg | image_caption = ''A. m. cyanopterus''<br />Copan, Honduras | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2022 |title=''Ara macao'' |volume=2022 |article-number=e.T22685563A163778999|access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> | status2 = CITES_A1 | status2_system = CITES | status2_ref = <ref>{{Cite Species+ |id=4650 |title=''Ara macao'' (Linnaeus, 1758) |access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref> | genus = Ara | species = macao | authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) | range_map = Distribution Ara macao.svg | range_map_caption = {{legend|#aad782|border=1px solid #aaaaaa|Extant distribution of the scarlet macaw}} | synonyms = ''Psittacus macao'' {{small|Linnaeus, 1758}} }} thumb|Copan, Honduras thumb|A partnered pair of wild scarlet macaws rub against each other in Costa Rica The '''scarlet macaw''' ('''''Ara macao''''') also called the '''red-and-yellow macaw''', '''red-and-blue macaw''' or '''red-breasted macaw''', is a large yellow, green, red and blue Neotropical parrot native to humid evergreen forests of the Americas. Its range extends from southeastern Mexico to Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Venezuela, Honduras, and Brazil in lowlands of {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}} (at least formerly) up to {{convert|1000|m|ft|abbr=on}}, the Caribbean island of Trinidad, as well as the Pacific island of Coiba.<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" /> Formerly, the northern extent of its range included southern Tamaulipas. In some areas, it has suffered local extinction because of habitat destruction, or capture for the parrot trade, but in other areas, it remains fairly common. It is the national bird of Honduras. Like its relative the blue-and-yellow macaw, the scarlet macaw is a popular bird in aviculture as a result of its striking plumage. It is the third most common macaw species in captivity after the blue-and-yellow and red-and-green macaw respectively. In recent years it has become much rarer in captivity and much more expensive due to stricter laws, its price being higher than even red-and-green macaws.
==Taxonomy== The scarlet macaw was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his ''Systema Naturae'' under the binomial name ''Psittacus macao''.<ref>{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturæ per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1| edition=10th | page=96 | publisher=Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii | language=la | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727003 }}</ref> The scarlet macaw is now placed in the genus ''Ara'' (Lacépède, 1799), one of 6 genera of Central and South American macaws.<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2017 | title=Parrots & cockatoos | work=World Bird List Version 7.3 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/parrots/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=22 November 2017 }}</ref>
The two subspecies can be recognized by size and color detail in the feathers on the wings:<ref name=ioc/> * ''Ara macao macao'' (Linnaeus, 1758): South American scarlet macaw, the nominate subspecies. In the wings the medium and secondary coverts have green tips. * ''A. m. cyanopterus'' Wiedenfeld, 1995: North Central American scarlet macaw. The Central American scarlet macaw is larger and has blue on its wings instead of green.
=== Genetics === In May 2013, it was announced that a team of scientists, led by Dr. Christopher M. Seabury and Dr. Ian Tizard of Texas A&M University had sequenced the complete genome of the scarlet macaw.<ref name=seabury>{{cite journal |title=A Multi-Platform Draft de novo Genome Assembly and Comparative Analysis for the Scarlet Macaw (''Ara macao'')|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=8|issue=5|article-number=e62415|date=8 May 2013|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0062415|pmid=23667475|last1=Seabury|first1=Christopher M.|last2=Dowd|first2=Scot E.|last3=Seabury|first3=Paul M.|last4=Raudsepp|first4=Terje|last5=Brightsmith|first5=Donald J.|last6=Liboriussen|first6=Poul|last7=Halley|first7=Yvette|last8=Fisher|first8=Colleen A.|last9=Owens|first9=Elaine|last10=Viswanathan|first10=Ganesh|last11=Tizard|first11=Ian R.|bibcode=2013PLoSO...862415S|pmc=3648530|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=newswise>{{cite web|title=Save the Parrots: Texas A&M Team Sequences Macaw Genome|url=http://www.newswise.com/articles/save-the-parrots-texas-a-m-team-sequences-macaw-genome|publisher=Newswise.com|access-date=1 October 2013}}</ref> Based on this genome, species-specific microsatellite genetic markers were developed to aid genetic studies throughout the range of the species.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Olah |first1=George |last2=Heinsohn |first2=Robert G. |last3=Espinoza |first3=Jose R. |last4=Brightsmith |first4=Donald J. |last5=Peakall |first5=Rod |date=2015 |title=An evaluation of primers for microsatellite markers in Scarlet Macaw (''Ara macao'') and their performance in a Peruvian wild population |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12686-014-0317-2 |journal=Conservation Genetics Resources |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=157–159 |doi=10.1007/s12686-014-0317-2|bibcode=2015ConGR...7..157O |s2cid=255779630 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> These genetic markers were later validated<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Olah |first1=George |last2=Heinsohn |first2=Robert G. |last3=Brightsmith |first3=Donald J. |last4=Espinoza |first4=Jose R. |last5=Peakall |first5=Rod |date=2016 |title=Validation of non-invasive genetic tagging in two large macaw species (''Ara macao'' and ''A. chloropterus'') of the Peruvian Amazon |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12686-016-0573-4 |journal=Conservation Genetics Resources |language=en |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=499–509 |doi=10.1007/s12686-016-0573-4 |bibcode=2016ConGR...8..499O |s2cid=255785768 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> on the trace amount of DNA acquired from feathers, and applied to study red-and-green macaws in a tropical landscape where DNA can degrade very quickly.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Olah |first1=George |last2=Heinsohn |first2=Robert G. |last3=Brightsmith |first3=Donald J. |last4=Peakall |first4=Rod |date=2017 |title=The application of non-invasive genetic tagging reveals new insights into the clay lick use by macaws in the Peruvian Amazon |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10592-017-0954-6 |journal=Conservation Genetics |language=en |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=1037–1046 |doi=10.1007/s10592-017-0954-6 |bibcode=2017ConG...18.1037O |s2cid=254418245 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> These markers were proven to be useful to study their population genetics<ref name=":0" /> and identification of individuals in the landscape of the Peruvian Amazon.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Olah |first1=George |last2=Smith |first2=Annabel L. |last3=Asner |first3=Gregory P. |last4=Brightsmith |first4=Donald J. |last5=Heinsohn |first5=Robert G. |last6=Peakall |first6=Rod |date=2017 |title=Exploring dispersal barriers using landscape genetic resistance modelling in scarlet macaws of the Peruvian Amazon |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10980-016-0457-8 |journal=Landscape Ecology |language=en |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=445–456 |doi=10.1007/s10980-016-0457-8 |bibcode=2017LaEco..32..445O |s2cid=254747306 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
== Description == It is about {{convert|84|cm|in|frac=2|sp=us}} long, of which more than half is the pointed, graduated tail typical of all macaws, though the scarlet macaw has a larger percentage of tail than the other large macaws. The average weight is about {{convert|1|kg|lboz}}. The plumage is mostly scarlet, but the rump and tail-covert feathers are light blue, the greater upper wing coverts are yellow, the upper sides of the flight feathers of the wings are dark blue as are the ends of the tail feathers, and the undersides of the wing and tail flight feathers are dark red with metallic gold iridescence. Some individuals may have green in the wings. The Central American subspecies is larger and averages 89 cm or (35 in) in length.{{cn|date=November 2025}}
There is bare white skin around the eye and from there to the bill. Tiny white feathers are contained on the face patch. The upper mandible is mostly pale horn in color and the lower is black. Juveniles have dark eyes; adults have light yellow eyes.
It is frequently confused with the slightly larger green-winged macaw, which has more distinct red lines in the face and no yellow in the wing.
Scarlet macaws make very loud, high and sometimes low-pitched, throaty squawks, squeaks and screams designed to carry many kilometers to call for their groups.
The scarlet macaw can live up to 75<ref name ="Lamar"/> or even 90<ref name="Arking"/> years in captivity, although a more typical lifespan is 40 to 50 years.<ref name ="Lamar">[https://www.lamar.edu/arts-sciences/biology/jungle-critters/jungle-critters-2/scarlet-macaw.html ''Scarlet Macaw''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225102945/https://www.lamar.edu/arts-sciences/biology/jungle-critters/jungle-critters-2/scarlet-macaw.html |date=2019-02-25 }} at the biology website of the Lamar University (retrieved 2019-02-24)</ref><ref name="Arking">Robert Arking: ''Biology of Aging: Observations and Principles''. Oxford University Press, 2006, {{ISBN|9780199727629}}, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=mS6-pGnPnZYC&pg=PA129 129]</ref> <gallery mode = packed heights = 160px> Scarlet macaws (Ara macao macao) pair Yasuni.jpg|Pair of scarlet macaws Scarlet macaw (Ara macao macao) Yasuni.jpg|''A. m. macao'' (all three images)<br />Saladero de Añangu, Ecuador Scarlet macaw (Ara macao macao) in flight Yasuni.jpg|Scarlet macaw in flight </gallery>
== Behavior == A typical sighting is of a single bird or a pair flying above the forest canopy, though in some areas flocks can be seen. Field observations in Costa Rica found that scarlet macaws spend nearly all their time high in the forest canopy, usually more than 10 m above the ground, and are rarely seen near or on the ground, likely to reduce predation risk and because most of their food sources occur in the canopy.<ref>Lemos de Figueiredo, R., & Chappell, J. (2024). Behavioral observations of free-living scarlet macaws (Ara macao) in Costa Rica, to inform ex situ management. Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens, 5(4), 668–690. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg5040044 </ref> They often gather at clay licks.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070724130052/http://www.nscspro.com/Norton/PeruWebPics/DS050427141350-after.jpg Photo of Scarlet Macaws and several other parrots at clay-lick] in Tambopata-Candamo – The Wonders of Peru with Boyd Norton.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Burger |first1=Joanna |last2=Gochfeld |first2=Michael |date=2003 |title=Parrot behavior at a Rio Manu (Peru) clay lick: temporal patterns, associations, and antipredator responses |journal=Acta Ethologica |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=23–34 |doi=10.1007/s10211-003-0080-y|s2cid=24056335 }}</ref> Scarlet macaws communicate primarily through raucous honks; however, vocal communication is highly variable, and captive macaws are known to be adept mimics of human speech.
[[File:Ara macao feeding on Attalea fruits.jpg|thumb|''Ara macao'' feeding on ''Attalea'' fruits]]
=== Feeding === Wild scarlet macaws feed on fruits, nuts, seeds, flowers and nectar.<ref name="worldparrottrust">{{cite web |title=SCARLET MACAW (Ara macao) |url=https://www.parrots.org/encyclopedia/scarlet-macaw |publisher=World Parrot Trust |access-date=10 August 2021}}</ref>
As with smaller parrot species, there are reports of their consumption of insects, larvae, and snails; however, this seems to be rare for macaws and is not a major component of their diet.<ref name="Renton2006">{{cite journal | last=Renton | first=Katherine | title=Diet of Adult and Nestling Scarlet Macaws in Southwest Belize, Central America 1 | journal=Biotropica | volume=38 | issue=2 | date=2006 | issn=0006-3606 | doi=10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00123.x | pages=280–283}}</ref><ref name="Volpe2022">{{cite journal | last1=Volpe | first1=Noelia L | last2=Thalinger | first2=Bettina | last3=Vilacoba | first3=Elisabet | last4=Braukmann | first4=Thomas W A | last5=Di Giacomo | first5=Adrián S | last6=Berkunsky | first6=Igor | last7=Lijtmaer | first7=Darío A | last8=Steinke | first8=Dirk | last9=Kopuchian | first9=Cecilia | title=Diet composition of reintroduced Red-and-Green Macaws reflects gradual adaptation to life in the wild | journal=Ornithological Applications | volume=124 | issue=1 | date=2022-01-19 | article-number=duab059 | issn=0010-5422 | doi=10.1093/ornithapp/duab059 | doi-access=free | url=https://academic.oup.com/condor/article/124/1/duab059/6476454 | access-date=2025-02-12| url-access=subscription }}: "Although the consumption of insects has been reported for a number of smaller parrot species (Collar 1997), their use by macaws is rare and never forms a major component of their diet (Renton 2006). We did not observe any event of direct insect consumption [by red-and-green macaws] nor did we detect insect remains in the processed fecal samples."</ref> Seeds of ''Cnidoscolus'' and ''Schizolobium'' are thought to be the main sources of protein for nestling scarlet macaws.<ref name="Renton2006"/>
In Costa Rica's Central Pacific they have learned to feed on introduced teak trees (''Tectona grandis'') and almond beach trees. Local non-profit organizations have planted hundreds of those trees along the coastline from the Tárcoles River basin to Esterillos Beach which had helped increase the population drastically. The combined efforts and the correct ecotourism also have an important role in the conservation of such majestic birds. Tour companies along the Tarcoles River and its mangroves have bet on the importance of birdwatching as an asset for the growth on its population.{{citation needed|date=May 2026}}
=== Mating === [[File:Ara macao MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.148.26.jpg|thumb| An egg of ''Ara macao'' - MHNT]] While comparatively docile at most times of the year, scarlet macaws may be formidably aggressive during periods of breeding. Scarlet macaws are monogamous birds, with individuals remaining with one partner throughout their lives. The hen lays two or three white eggs in a large tree cavity.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Olah |first1=George |last2=Vigo |first2=Gabriela |last3=Heinsohn |first3=Robert |last4=Brightsmith |first4=Donald J. |date=2014 |title=Nest site selection and efficacy of artificial nests for breeding success of Scarlet Macaws ''Ara macao macao'' in lowland Peru |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1617138113001118 |journal=Journal for Nature Conservation |language=en |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=176–185 |doi=10.1016/j.jnc.2013.11.003 |bibcode=2014JNatC..22..176O |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The female incubates the eggs for about five weeks, and the chicks fledge from the nest about 90 days after hatching<ref name="DA 2003">{{cite book |first = David| last = Alderton | author-link=David Alderton | title = The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Caged and Aviary Birds | isbn = 1-84309-164-X| publisher = Hermes House |location = London, England | year = 2003 |page= 234}}</ref> and leave their parents about a year later. Juveniles reach sexual maturity at five years of age.
== Distribution and habitat == The scarlet macaw inhabits primarily humid, lowland subtropical rain forests, open woodlands, river edges, and savannas. In some regions, they are known to periodically visit natural mineral deposits (or 'licks'), typically in areas rich in clay and sediment, which the macaws will eat for digestive purposes and to glean vital nutrients, including sodium and calcium.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2012 |title=Scarlet Macaws Feed on Clay Licks (Narrated by David Tennant) - Earthflight - BBC One |website=YouTube |url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=GN9AHGOyQ1g&pp=ygUSTWFjYXdzIGVhdGluZyBjbGF5 }}</ref> The species' South American range is extensive, spanning much of the Amazon basin and [[Amazon rainforest|rainforest]] of the northern half of the continent, extending as far south as Peru (east of the Andes) and Bolivia.<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" /> In Bolivia, it is quite common in the Aquicuana Reserve, in the northeastern Beni Department (near the city of Riberalta, the capital of the Bolivian Amazon region). {{multiple image | direction = vertical | width = 200 | align = right | image1 = Ara macao -Diergaarde Blijdorp -flying-8a.jpg | image2 = | caption2 = in flight }}
In (southern) North and Central America, the species' range extends from the Yucatán Peninsula (extreme southeastern Mexico and Belize) and southward through Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua, as well as the island of Coiba. It is seen infrequently on the mainland of Panamá, but is known in Costa Rica from isolated regions on the Pacific coast, mainly near the Nicoya Peninsula, Carara National Park and Peninsula de Osa.
In Florida, United States, scarlet macaws have escaped captivity at various times throughout history, either inadvertently due to hurricanes or other inclement weather events, or being deliberately released by humans; however, there is no evidence to suggest that this population is established and breeding, and may only persist due to continuing releases or escapes. These non-native birds are likely sustained off of deliberate feeding by residents who enjoy seeing them in their yards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2018 |title=Parrots in Peril: Miami's Wild Macaws |url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=DvTPRnfJrug |website=YouTube |publisher=Day's Edge Productions}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/nonnatives/birds/scarlet-macaw/|title=Nonnatives - Scarlet Macaw|website=myfwc.com|access-date=2018-02-22|archive-date=2018-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106151858/http://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/nonnatives/birds/scarlet-macaw/}}</ref> The species also occurs as an introduced species in Puerto Rico.
A small introduced population exists in Kirkby Stephen, Cumbria,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gates |first=Phil |date=2013-03-13 |title=Where screeching, scarlet macaws enjoy raucous celebrity status |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/mar/13/kirkby-stephen-macaws-celebrity-status |access-date=2025-02-05 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> having been introduced to the area around 2010. This population, which includes a number of related blue-and-yellow macaws, was introduced to the village around 2010; they are trained to fly freely around the area, returning to a conservation centre for food and shelter in the evenings.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-19 |title=Macaws |url=https://walkeden.org/2023/05/19/macaws/ |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Kirkby Stephen & District Walkers are Welcome |language=en}}</ref>
== Conservation status == The habitat of scarlet macaws is also considered to have the greatest latitudinal range for any bird in the genus ''Ara'', as the estimated maximum territorial range covers 6,700,000 km<sup>2</sup>. Nevertheless, the scarlet macaw's habitat is fragmented, and the bird is mostly confined to tiny populations scattered throughout its original range in Middle America.<ref name="juniper1998">Juniper, T., and M. Parr., (1998). ''Parrots: A Guide to Parrots of the World.'' Yale University Press.</ref> However, as they still occur in large numbers over most of their original range in South America, the species is classified by IUCN as least concern. Its wild population is currently estimated to be between 50,000 and 499,999 individuals.<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021"/>
Commercial international trade in the species (including parts and derivatives) is prohibited by the bird's listing under CITES Appendix 1 due to poaching for the pet trade.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.speciesplus.net/species#/taxon_concepts/4650/legal |publisher=UNEP-WCMC |work=Species+ |title=Ara macao |access-date=August 15, 2023}}</ref>
The northern subspecies, ''A. m. cyanopterus'', is listed as endangered by the USFWS.<ref>{{cite web |title=Species Profile: Scarlet macaw (Ara macao ssp. cyanopterus) |url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9023 |website=ECOS |access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref> The USFWS estimates that only 2,000–3,000 birds of the northern subspecies remain in the wild.<ref name="USFWS">{{cite journal |author1=Fish and Wildlife Service |title=Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Listing the Scarlet Macaw |journal=Federal Register |date=26 February 2019 |volume=84 |issue=38 |pages=6278–6311 |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2019-02-26/pdf/2019-03165.pdf |access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref>
== Aviculture == The scarlet macaw is an early example of a parrot breeding in captivity. Captive breeding occurred in Northern Mexico at Paquime (also called Casas Grandes) and very likely Southwest New Mexico Mimbres Valley in the 11th century. Breeding pens, perches, bones, and eggshell fragments have been uncovered. The straightforward nature of scarlet macaw breeding and the value of their plumes in trade created a market for trade wherein the animals were used in religious rites north to the Colorado Plateau region.<ref>{{cite thesis|title=Scarlet Macaw Production and Trade at Paquimé, Chihuahua|last=Rizo|year=1998|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3eH8jEhHoEwOU93OFJXRjZPWTYwR0MtUC1NUDMtMmtRRjBZ/edit?usp=sharing%20|type=Master's thesis}}</ref>
Today the scarlet macaw is found worldwide in captivity, but is best represented in captivity in the Americas. Captive techniques developed from the pet trade have positively affected wild populations: in areas with low macaws populations, the "extra" babies that typically die in the nest may be reared by human hands and released into the wild to bolster the population, as has been done by the Tambopata Macaw Project. Their captive diet, egg incubation, assisted hatching, hand rearing, co-parenting, parent-rearing, fledgling, maturation, and breeding are well understood within the avicultural community (AFA Watchbird magazine).
Feathers from an Yschma tomb near Pachacamac from this species demonstrate cross-Andes trade ca. 1000–1470 CE.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saraceni |first=Jessica Esther |date=2026-03-11 |title=News - Parrot Feathers Found in Peruvian Tomb Identified |url=https://archaeology.org/news/2026/03/11/parrot-feathers-found-in-peruvian-tomb-identified/ |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=Archaeology Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>
==Predation== Young may be taken in the nest by arboreal predators such as snakes, monkeys and other small carnivores. Adults and fledglings may also be taken by large cats, such as jaguars, and by eagles and hawks.<ref>Ara macao (scarlet macaw). Animal Diversity Web. https://animaldiversity.org/Ara_macao/</ref>
== See also == * The Ara Project (macaw reintroduction) * The Macaw Society * List of macaws * Iago (Aladdin)
== References == {{Reflist}}
== External links == {{Commons|Ara macao|Scarlet macaw}} * [https://www.parrots.org/encyclopedia/scarlet-macaw/ World Parrot Trust] Parrot Encyclopedia — Species Profiles * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213604/http://vetmed.tamu.edu/schubot/research/scarlet-macaw-genome-project The Scarlet Macaw Genome Project] * [https://search.macaulaylibrary.org/catalog?taxonCode=scamac1 Scarlet macaw videos] on the Internet Bird Collection * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20000919044957/http://www.bird-stamps.org/cspecies/7418900.htm Stamps]}} (15 countries) with RangeMap <!--a good RangeMap, etc is at: "www.natureserve.org"(then 'InfoNatura')..(shows category of: "Permanent Resident")--> * ''[https://macawrecoverynetwork.org/ Ara macao]'' conservation and reintroduction in Costa Rica
{{Macaws}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q243761}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Ara (bird) Category:Macaws Category:Birds of Central America Category:Birds of Colombia Category:Birds of the Amazon rainforest Category:Birds of Ecuador Category:Birds of Venezuela Category:Birds of Trinidad and Tobago Category:Birds of the Caribbean Category:Birds of Brazil Category:Birds of Mexico Category:Birds of Honduras Category:Birds of Panama Category:Birds of Bolivia Category:Talking birds Category:National symbols of Honduras Category:Birds described in 1758 Category:Animal taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Category:Articles containing video clips Category:Species that are or were threatened by the pet trade