{{short description|Korean soup with whole stuffed chicken}} {{Italic title}} {{Infobox food | name = ''Samgye-tang'' | image = File:Samgye-tang 2.jpg | caption = | alternate_name = Ginseng chicken soup | country = Korea | region = | national_cuisine = | creator = <!-- or | creators = --> | year = | mintime = | maxtime = | type = Tang | course = | served = Hot or warm | main_ingredient = Chicken, quail, ginseng | minor_ingredient = Jujube, glutinous rice | variations = | serving_size = 100 g | calories = | protein = | fat = | carbohydrate = | glycemic_index = | similar_dish = | other = | module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto | child = yes | hangul = 삼계탕 | hanja = 蔘鷄湯 | ipa = {{IPA|ko|sam.ɡje̞.tʰaŋ|}} }} }}
'''''Samgye-tang''''' ({{Korean|hangul=삼계탕}}), or "ginseng chicken soup"<!-- do not bold this per MOS:BOLDLINK --><ref name="standardized">{{in lang|ko}} {{Cite web|url=http://www.korean.go.kr/common/download.do?file_path=notice&c_file_name=140730_%ED%95%9C%EC%8B%9D%EB%AA%85_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B0%8F_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_%ED%99%95%EC%A0%95%EC%95%88_.pdf&o_file_name=140730_%ED%95%9C%EC%8B%9D%EB%AA%85_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B0%8F_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_%ED%99%95%EC%A0%95%EC%95%88_.pdf|script-title=ko:주요 한식명(200개) 로마자 표기 및 번역(영, 중, 일) 표준안|date=2014-07-30|publisher=National Institute of Korean Language|trans-title=Standardized Romanizations and Translations (English, Chinese, and Japanese) of (200) Major Korean Dishes|access-date=2017-02-16}} *{{cite press release |date=2014-05-02 |script-title=ko:주요 한식명 로마자 표기 및 표준 번역 확정안 공지 |url=http://www.korean.go.kr/front/board/boardStandardView.do?board_id=4&mn_id=17&b_seq=1465 |website=National Institute of Korean Language |language=ko}}</ref> is a ''tang'' (Korean soup) that consists primarily of a whole young chicken (''poussin'') or quail filled with garlic, rice, jujube and ginseng.<ref name="Hyosun Ro - Samgyetang">{{cite web | url=http://www.koreanbapsang.com/2014/08/samgyetang.html |title=Samgyetang (Ginseng Chicken Soup) |author=Hyosun Ro |publisher=Korean Bapsang |access-date=2014-12-25 |language=en }}</ref> It is traditionally considered to be a health food.<ref name="doopedia">{{in lang|ko}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.doopedia.co.kr/doopedia/master/master.do?_method=view&MAS_IDX=101013000731479|script-title=ko:삼계탕[samgyetang / Ginseng Chicken Soup,蔘鷄湯]|publisher=Doopedia | access-date=2021-03-30}}</ref> ''Samgye-tang'' is a representative summer health food. Soup made with chicken that is slightly larger than the chick is called ''yeonggye baeksuk'', and the chicken is divided into half is called ''banggye-tang''.
== History == During the Joseon period (1392–1897), people enjoyed the numerous chicken soup dishes that were similar to ''samgye-tang'', including ''yeongye-tang'', ''chonggye-tang'', and ''hwanggye-tang''.<ref name="arignet">{{Cite web|last=Woo |first=Jeongsoo |date=2021-04-02 |script-title=ko:"정부가 삼계탕 역사 체계적으로 정리, 국내외 알려야" |access-date=2021-11-23 |url=http://www.agrinet.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=184001 |language=ko}}</ref> While it was the custom to make a soup with young chicken and serve it to elders during the summer days, the chicken boiled with milkvetch roots and its broth were served to the sick queen during King Injo's reign.<ref name="KBS">{{Cite web|last=Kim |first=Sujin |date=2010-07-07 |script-title=ko:"삼계탕" |access-date=2021-12-10 |url=http://rki.kbs.co.kr/service/contents_view.htm?lang=k&menu_cate=lifestyle&id=&board_seq=336953 |language=ko}}</ref> However, the description of the dish that most closely resembles today's form of ''samgye-tang'' can be found in ''Joseon yorijaebeop'' ({{Korean|hangul=조선 요리제법|hanja=朝鮮料理製法|labels=no}}), the cookbook. Bang Sin-yeong, a professor of Ewha Womans University, wrote in 1917 to compile the information on how to make various traditional dishes of Joseon. In the book, it is described that ''dakguk'' ({{Korean|hangul=닭국|labels=no}}), or chicken soup, is made by gutting a chicken and stuffing the inside with three spoons of glutinous rice and one spoon of ginseng powder, followed by tying up the opening and boiling the chicken with ten bowls of water.<ref name="arignet" /> During the Japanese colonial era, the Japanese officials who investigated the cultures of former Joseon noted that rich families boiled the chicken stuffed with ginseng and used the broth as medicine in summer.<ref name="Chungnamilbo">{{Cite web|last= Im|first= Seongman|date=2020-07-20|script-title=ko:"[임성만의 산삼? 약삼!] ⑪ 삼계탕은 언제부터 한국인의 식탁에 올랐을까?"|access-date=2021-11-23|url=https://www.chungnamilbo.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=553254|language=ko}}</ref>
The dish began to be commercially sold at restaurants around 1940s and under the name ''gyesam-tang'' ({{Korean|hangul=계삼탕|hanja=鷄蔘湯|labels=no}}) in 1950s, which meant chicken ginseng soup.<ref name="Chungnamilbo" /> With the supplying of modern refrigerators in Korea, it became possible to preserve a ginseng as whole instead of powder.<ref name="Chungnamilbo" /><ref name="newscj">{{Cite web|last=Jang|first=Sookyung|date=2020-07-06|script-title=ko:"[문화곳간] '복날' 선조들이 즐긴 최고의 복달임 음식은?"|access-date=2021-11-23|url=http://www.newscj.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=758786|language=ko}}</ref> Thus, since 1960s, it became more common to stuff the chicken with a whole piece of ginseng instead of powder, reaching today's form of the dish.<ref name="Chungnamilbo" /><ref name="newscj" /> To emphasize the medicinal effects of the ginseng in the soup, many people since then have started calling the dish ''samgye-tang'' (ginseng chicken soup) instead of ''gyesam-tang'' (chicken ginseng soup).<ref name="Chungnamilbo" />
== Custom == It is the custom in Korea to eat ''samgye-tang'' during hot summer days in order to replenish the nutrients that were lost through the sweating and physical activities.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lim|first=Tong Kwee|title=Edible medicinal and non medicinal plants. Volume 9, Modified stems, roots, bulbs|date=2015|isbn=978-94-017-9511-1|location=Dordrecht|pages=511|oclc=897810272}}</ref> It is especially popular to eat this chicken soup on ''sambok'' ({{Korean|hangul=삼복|labels=no}}) days, which are three distinct days of the lunar calendar—''chobok'' ({{Korean|hangul=초복|labels=no}}), ''jungbok'' ({{Korean|hangul=중복|labels=no}}), and ''malbok'' ({{Korean|hangul=말복|labels=no}})—commonly among the hottest and most sultry summer days in Korea.<ref name="Hyosun Ro - Samgyetang" /><ref>{{in lang|ko}} [http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=B&i=147256&v=43 Boknal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610014045/http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=B&i=147256&v=43 |date=2011-06-10 }} at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</ref>
Some specialty restaurants in South Korea serve only ''samgyetang'', having gained local popularity through their special recipes for the dish, which are often kept as secrets. The dish is sometimes accompanied by a small complimentary bottle of ''insam-ju'' (ginseng wine) in certain restaurants.<ref>{{in lang|ko}} [http://sports.khan.co.kr/news/sk_index.html?cat=view&art_id=200906082047386&sec_id=560101&pt=nv Taste, this taste], Sports Khan, 2009-06-08. Retrieved 2010-07-06.</ref><ref>{{in lang|ko}} [http://news.mk.co.kr/outside/view.php?year=2009&no=371545 Nutritious foods of summer and wine], Maekyung, 2009-07-07.Retrieved 2010-07-06.</ref>
== Gallery == <gallery class="center" widths="175" heights="140"> File:Samgye-tang.jpg|''Samgye-tang'' (closeup) File:Samgyetang in Korea.jpg|''Samgyetang'' File:Korean soup-Samgyetang-13.jpg|''Samgyetang'' File:Korean soup-Samgyetang-06.jpg|''Samgyetang'' with ''kimchi'' and ''insam-ju'' (ginseng wine) </gallery>
== See also == {{Portal|Food}} {{Commons category|Samgyetang}} * ''Baeksuk'' * ''Dak-bokkeum-tang'' * ''Ori-tang'' * List of chicken dishes * List of soups * List of Korean dishes
== References == {{Reflist}}
== External links == * {{cite news|url=http://www.idomin.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=224386 |title=Samgyetang Story 1 (삼계탕 이야기 (상)) |publisher=idomin.com |language=ko |author=Kim Yeong-bok (김영복) / Yeo Gyeong-mo (여경모) |date=2007-07-12}} * {{cite news|url=http://www.idomin.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=225619 |title=Samgyetang Story 2 (삼계탕 이야기 (하)) |publisher=idomin.com |language=ko |author=Kim Yeong-bok (김영복) / Yeo Gyeong-mo (여경모) |date=2007-07-26}}
{{Ginseng}}
Category:Korean chicken dishes Category:Korean soups and stews Category:Chicken soups Category:Summer in culture Category:Panax Category:Jujube dishes