{{Infobox single nucleotide polymorphism |rsid = 6295 |name_1 = C-1019G |name_2 = C(-1019)G |gene = HTR1A |chromosome = 5 |region = Promoter |personalitystudy_inventory_1 = NEO PI-R |personalitystudy_trait_1 = Neuroticism |personalitystudy_pmid_1 = 14666415 |personalitystudy_genotype_1 = G |personalitystudy_inventory_2 = TPQ |personalitystudy_trait_2 = Harm Avoidance |personalitystudy_pmid_2 = 14666415 |personalitystudy_genotype_2 = G }} '''rs6295''', also called '''C(-1019)G''', is a gene variation—a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)—in the HTR1A gene. It is one of the most investigated SNPs of its gene.<ref name="DragoA20075HT1A"> {{cite journal |vauthors=Drago A, De Ronchi D, Serretti A |year=2008 |title=5-HT<sub>1A</sub> gene variants and psychiatric disorders: a review of current literature and selection of SNPs for future studies |journal=International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology |pmid=18047755 |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=701–721 |doi=10.1017/S1461145707008218 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The C-allele is the most prevalent with 0.675 against the G-allele with 0.325 among Caucasian.<ref name="DragoA20075HT1A"/>

The effect of the SNP on the binding potential of the human 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> neuroreceptor has been assessed with positron emission tomography and the WAY-100635 radioligand, with a study reporting no apparent influence from the SNP.<ref name="DavidS2005Functional"> {{cite journal |vauthors=David SP, Murthy NV, Rabiner EA, Munafó MR, Johnstone EC, Jacob R, Walton RT, Grasby RM |year=2005 |title=A functional genetic variation of the serotonin (5-HT) transporter affects 5-HT1A receptor binding in humans |journal=The Journal of Neuroscience |volume=25 |issue=10 |pages=2586–2590 |doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3769-04.2005 |pmid=15758168 |pmc=1942077 }}</ref>

==Disorders== The SNP has been investigated for association with suicide attempts,<ref name="LemondeS2003Impaired"> {{cite journal |vauthors=Lemonde S, Turecki G, Bakish D, Du L, Hrdina PD, Bown CD, Sequeira A, Kushwaha N, Morris SJ, Basak A, Ou XM, Albert PR |year=2003 |title=Impaired Repression at a 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A Receptor Gene Polymorphism Associated with Major Depression and Suicide |journal=The Journal of Neuroscience |volume=23 |issue=25 |pages=8788–8799 |doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-25-08788.2003 |pmid=14507979 |pmc=6740417 }}</ref><ref> {{cite journal |vauthors=Wasserman D, Geijer T, Sokolowski M, Rozanov V, Wasserman J |year=2006 |title=The serotonin 1A receptor C(-1019)G polymorphism in relation to suicide attempt |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |pmid=16626484 |volume=2 |pmc=1459178 |pages=14 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-2-14 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and psychiatric disorders.<ref name="DragoA20075HT1A"/> One study found an association of the variant with schizophrenia.<ref> {{cite journal |vauthors=Huang YY, Battistuzzi C, Oquendo MA, Harkavy-Friedman J, Greenhill L, Zalsman G, Brodsky B, Arango V, Brent DA, Mann JJ |year=2004 |title=Human 5-HT1A receptor C(−1019)G polymorphism and psychopathology |journal=The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=441–451 |doi=10.1017/S1461145704004663 |pmid=15469667 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Some studies associate the G-allele or GG-genotype with depression.<ref name="LemondeS2003Impaired"/><ref> {{cite journal |vauthors=Parsey RV, Oquendo MA, Ogden RT, Olvet DM, Simpson N, Huang YY, Van Heertum RL, Arango V, Mann JJ |year=2006 |title=Altered serotonin 1A binding in major depression: a &#91;carbonyl-C-11&#93;WAY100635 positron emission tomography study |journal=Biological Psychiatry |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=106–13 |doi = 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.06.016 |pmid=16154547 |s2cid=24485526 }}</ref> Not all studies show associations between the disorder and the G-allele. In one study of premenstrual dysphoric disorder C/C was found as the high-risk genotype.<ref> {{Cite journal |vauthors=Dhingra V, Magnay JL, O'Brien PM, Chapman G, Fryer AA, Ismail KM |title=Serotonin Receptor 1A C(-1019)G Polymorphism Associated With Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder |journal=Obstetrics & Gynecology |year=2007 |volume=110 |issue=4 |pages=788–792 |doi=10.1097/01.AOG.0000284448.73490.ac |pmid=17906010 |s2cid=13202883 }}</ref>

Several studies have examine the SNP association with medical treatment response, e.g., antidepressant response in mood disorders, e.g., one study reported worse response for G-allele patients.<ref> {{Cite journal |author=Serretti A |year=2004 |title=The C(–1019)G polymorphism of the 5-HT1A gene promoter and antidepressant response in mood disorders: Preliminary findings |journal=International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology |pmid=15458611 |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=453–460 |doi=10.1017/S1461145704004687 |name-list-style=vanc |display-authors=1 |last2=Artioli |first2=Paola |last3=Lorenzi |first3=Cristina |last4=Pirovano |first4=Adele |last5=Tubazio |first5=Viviana |last6=Zanardi |first6=Raffaella |s2cid=15040520 |doi-access= }}</ref>

==Personality== The polymorphism has also been investigated for links to personality traits. Persons with the G-allele of the polymorphism may have higher personality score for the NEO PI-R Neuroticism and TPQ Harm Avoidance traits.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Strobel A, Gutknecht L, Rothe C, Reif A, Mössner R, Zeng Y, Brocke B, Lesch KP |year=2003 |title=Allelic variation in 5-HT 1A receptor expression is associated with anxiety- and depression-related personality traits |journal=Journal of Neural Transmission |pmid=14666415 |volume=110 |issue=12 |pages=1445–1453 |doi=10.1007/s00702-003-0072-0 |s2cid=38941960 }}</ref> However, not all studies can find a clear association.<ref> {{cite journal |vauthors=Koller G, Bondy B, Preuss UW, Zill P, Soyka M |year=2006 |title=The C(-1019)G 5-HT1A promoter polymorphism and personality traits: no evidence for significant association in alcoholic patients |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=2 |pages=7 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-2-7 |pmid=16504134 |pmc=1403155 |doi-access=free }}</ref> One study has studied another trait and found higher score on Temperament and Character Inventory self-transcendence scale for G-allele subjects among mood disorder patients.<ref> {{Cite journal |vauthors=Lorenzi C, Serretti A, Mandelli L, Tubazio V, Ploia C, Smeraldi E |year=2005 |title=5-HT<sub>1A</sub> polymorphism and self-transcendence in mood disorders |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B |pmid=15952185 |volume=137B |issue=1 |pages=33–35 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.b.30111 |s2cid=42094601 }}</ref>

==Other SNPs== There are a number of other SNPs for the HTR1A gene: C549T, Ile28Val (rs1799921), Pro16Leu (rs1800041), Gly272Asp (rs1800042) and G294A (rs6294).<ref>{{cite web |date=14 March 2007 |title=Meta-Analysis of All Published Schizophrenia-Association Studies (Case-Control Only) HTR1A_C1019G |url=http://www.schizophreniaforum.org/res/sczgene/meta.asp?geneID=335 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415190844/http://www.schizophreniaforum.org/res/sczgene/meta.asp?geneID=335 |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 April 2013 |publisher=Schizophrenia Research Forum |access-date=2008-06-18 }}</ref>

==References== {{reflist|2}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}

Category:SNPs on chromosome 5