Romifidine

{{Short description|Chemical compound}} {{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=6}} {{Drugbox | Verifiedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 448113917 | IUPAC_name = ''N''-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1''H''-imidazol-2-amine | image = Romifidine.svg | image_class = skin-invert-image

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'''Romifidine''' is a drug that is used in veterinary medicine as a sedative mainly in large animals such as horses,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Spadavecchia C, Arendt-Nielsen L, Andersen OK, Spadavecchia L, Schatzmann U | title = Effect of romifidine on the nociceptive withdrawal reflex and temporal summation in conscious horses | journal = American Journal of Veterinary Research | volume = 66 | issue = 11 | pages = 1992–1998 | date = November 2005 | pmid = 16334961 | doi = 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.1992 | doi-access = free }}</ref> although it may be used in a wide variety of species.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = De Lucas JJ, Rodríguez C, Marín M, González F, Ballesteros C, San Andrés MI | title = Pharmacokinetics of intramuscular ketamine in young ostriches premedicated with romifidine | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine. A, Physiology, Pathology, Clinical Medicine | volume = 54 | issue = 1 | pages = 48–50 | date = February 2007 | pmid = 17359455 | doi = 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2007.00910.x | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Belda E, Laredo FG, Escobar M, Soler M, Lucas X, Agut A | title = Sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of three doses of romifidine in comparison with medetomidine in five cats | journal = The Veterinary Record | volume = 162 | issue = 3 | pages = 82–87 | date = January 2008 | pmid = 18204032 | doi = 10.1136/vr.162.3.82 | s2cid = 41300654 }}</ref> It is not used in humans, but is closely related in structure to the commonly used drug clonidine.

Romifidine acts as an agonist at the α2 adrenergic receptor subtype. Side effects can include bradycardia and respiratory depression. It is often used alongside other sedative or analgesic drugs such as ketamine or butorphanol.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Corletto F, Raisis AA, Brearley JC | title = Comparison of morphine and butorphanol as pre-anaesthetic agents in combination with romifidine for field castration in ponies | journal = Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia | volume = 32 | issue = 1 | pages = 16–22 | date = January 2005 | pmid = 15663735 | doi = 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2004.00184.x }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kerr CL, McDonell WN, Young SS | title = Cardiopulmonary effects of romifidine/ketamine or xylazine/ketamine when used for short duration anesthesia in the horse | journal = Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research | volume = 68 | issue = 4 | pages = 274–282 | date = October 2004 | pmid = 15581222 | pmc = 1111358 }}</ref> Yohimbine can be used as an antidote to rapidly reverse the effects. ==Use== Romifidine is licensed for cats and dogs in several countries. Romifidine is licensed for non-meat horses. Romifidine may produce less ataxia during standing sedation than other α2-adrenergic receptor agonists.<ref name="lamont"/> ==Pharmacology== Romifidine is an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist that binds at a ratio of 340:1 over the imidazoline receptor.<ref name="lamont">{{cite book | vauthors = Lamont LA, Creighton CM | veditors = Lamont L, Grimm K, Robertson S, Love L, Schroeder C | chapter = Sedatives and Tranquilizers | title = Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, The 6th Edition of Lumb and Jones | date = 11 September 2024 | pages = 338–344 | isbn = 978-1-119-83027-6 | publisher = Wiley Blackwell }}</ref>

==Side effects== Romifidine administration in sheep activates pulmonary macrophages that damage the endothelium of capillaries and alveolar type I cells. This in turns causes alveolar haemorrhage and oedema causing hypoxaemia.<ref name="lamont" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = CS C, OS A, WN M, WD B | title = Histopathologic alterations induced in the lungs of sheep by use of alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonists | journal = American Journal of Veterinary Research | volume = 60 | issue = 2 | pages = 154–161 | date = Feb 1999 | pmid = 10048544 | publisher = Am J Vet Res | doi = 10.2460/ajvr.1999.60.02.154 | issn = 0002-9645 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Celly C, McDONELL W, Young S, Black W | title = The comparative hypoxaemic effect of four α 2 adrenoceptor agonists (xylazine, romifidine, detomidine and medetomidine) in sheep | journal = Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics | volume = 20 | issue = 6 | pages = 464–471 | date = 1997 | pmid = 9430770 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2885.1997.00097.x | issn = 0140-7783 | url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2885.1997.00097.x | url-access = subscription }}</ref>

== References == {{reflist|2}}

Category:Analgesics Category:Alpha2-adrenergic agonists Category:Organobromides Category:Fluoroarenes Category:Anilines Category:Sedatives Category:Imidazolines