{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ᶑ⟩ in IPA}} {{redirect|Retroflex implosive|the voiceless consonant|Voiceless retroflex implosive}} {{infobox IPA | ipa symbol = ᶑ | decimal=7569 | imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x1D91.svg }}
A '''voiced retroflex implosive''' is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. Wadiyara Koli phonemically distinguishes it from the alveolar {{IPAslink|ɗ}}. Sindhi has an implosive that varies between dental and retroflex articulation, while Oromo, Saraiki and Ngad'a have {{IPA|/ᶑ /}} but not {{IPA|/ɗ/}}.<ref>In Mangbai {{IPA|/ɗ/}} may also be retroflex, but it appears to be a preglottalized {{IPA|[ʔ͡ɖ]}} rather than an implosive (Anonby 2008).</ref>
The 'implicit' symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is <span title="U+1D91">{{angbr IPA|ᶑ }}</span> (a D with a tail for retroflex and a hook-top for implosive).<ref>''Handbook of the International Phonetic Association'', 1999, p. 166, 179.</ref><ref name=pulmonic>Kirk Miller & Michael Ashby, [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf L2/20-252R] Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic</ref>
==Features== Features of a voiced retroflex implosive: {{plosive}} {{retroflex}} {{voiced}} {{oral}} {{Median articulation}} {{implosive}}
==Occurrence== {|class=wikitable !Language !Word !IPA !Meaning !Notes |- |Koalib | |{{IPA|[ŋɪ̀ᶑà]}} |'cow' | |- |Marwari{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} |{{lang|mwr-Deva|क'''ॾ'''हिं}} / {{lang|mwr-Arab|ک'''ڏ'''ہں}} |{{IPA|[kaᶑahin]}} | | |- |Ngadha |{{lang|nxg|mo'''dh'''e}} |{{IPA|[ˈmoᶑe]}} |'good' | |- | Ngiti<ref name="Kutsch Lojenga2">{{cite thesis |last=Kutsch Lojenga |first=Constance |year=1994 |title=Ngiti: a Central-Sudanic language of Zaire |type=PhD |location=Köln |publisher=Rüdiger Köppe Verlag}}</ref> |''à'''dh'''à'' |{{IPA|[àᶑà]}} |'wild banana' |Postalveolar. Contrasts {{IPA|/ɓ ᶑ ʄ ɓ̥ ᶑ̥ ʄ̥/}}. |- |Oromo |{{lang|om|'''dh'''uma}} |{{IPA|[ᶑʊmɐ]}} |'end' | |- | Parkari Koli |{{lang|kvx|{{script/Arabic|م'''ڏ'''يو}}}} | {{IPA|[maᶑiuː]}} | 'he said' |- |Saraiki |{{lang|skr|'''ݙ'''اک}} |{{IPA|[ᶑak]}} |'mail' |Either apical or subapical, place of articulation is more forward than<br>for the retroflex stops, does not contrast with a dental implosive<ref>{{Cite book| last = Shackle| first = Christopher| author-link = Christopher Shackle| title = The Siraiki language of central Pakistan : a reference grammar| date = 1976| location = London| publisher = School of Oriental and African Studies| pages = 22–23}}</ref> |- |Wadiyara Koli | colspan="3" align="center" | {{example needed|date=November 2022}} | Contrasts {{IPA|/ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ/}}. |}
==See also== * List of phonetics topics
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== * {{phoible|ᶑ}}
{{IPA navigation}}
Category:Implosives Category:Median consonants Category:Retroflex consonants Category:Voiced oral consonants