{{Short description|Species of fish}} {{Speciesbox | image = Scorpaena papillosa (Schneider & Forster, 1801) Red Rockcod, or red scorpionfish, "Grandaddy".jpg | taxon = Scorpaena papillosa | authority = (J. G. Schneider & J. R. Forster, 1801) <ref>{{ITIS |id=644521 |taxon=''Scorpaena papillosa'' (Schneider and Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801) |accessdate=September 15, 2011}}</ref><ref name="marinespecies1">{{cite web |author=Nicolas Bailly |year=2010 |title=''Scorpaena papillosa'' (Schneider & Forster, 1801) |editor=Nicolas Bailly |work=FishBase |publisher=World Register of Marine Species |url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=274731 |accessdate=October 5, 2011}}</ref><ref name="fishbase1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14320|title = Scorpaena papillosa, Red rock cod}}</ref> | synonyms = *''Synanceia papillosus'' <small>Schneider & Forster, 1801</small> *''Helicolenus papillosus'' <small>(Schneider & Forster, 1801)</small> *''Ruboralga ergastulorum'' <small>(Richardson, 1842)</small> *''Scorpaena ergastulorum'' <small>Richardson, 1842</small> *''Scorpaena cruenta'' <small>Solander, 1842</small> *''Scorpaena militaris'' <small>Richardson, 1842</small> | synonyms_ref = <ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase|Scorpaena|papillosa|month=August|year=2021}}</ref><ref name = CofF/> }}

'''''Scorpaena papillosa''''', the '''red rock cod''', '''Southern red scorpionfish''', '''chained scorpionfish''', '''common red gurnard''', '''Southern red scorpioncod''', '''Southern rockcod''' or '''dwarf scorpionfish''', is a species of venomous marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes.

==Taxonomy== ''Scorpaena papillosa'' was first formally described in 1801 as ''Synanceia papillosus'' by the German naturalists Johann Gottlob Schneider and Johann Reinhold Forster with the type locality given as Matatuahu Point on the Tāwharanui Peninsula in the Hauraki Gulf of North Auckland on the North Island of New Zealand.<ref name = CofF>{{Cof genus | genus = Scorpaena | access-date = 13 February 2022}}</ref> The specific name ''papillosa'' means "papilose", a reference to the tentacles on the pored cells along the lateral line.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = https://etyfish.org/perciformes9/ | title = Order Perciformes (Part 9): Suborder Scorpaenoidei: Family Scorpaenidae | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1= Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp |date = 2 October 2021 | access-date = 13 February 2022 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref>

===Subspecies=== ''Scorpaena papillosa'' is divided into 2 subspecies:<ref name = FofA>{{cite web | author = Bray, D.J. | year = 2020 | title = ''Scorpaena papillosa ergastularum'' | work = Fishes of Australia | access-date = 14 February 2022 | url = https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/2116 | publisher = Museums Victoria}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" |- ! Image !! Scientific name !! Common name!! Distribution |- |120px || ''S.p. papillosa'' <small>(Schneider & Forster, 1801)</small> ||Dwarf scorpionfish|| New Zealand |- |120px || ''S.p. ergastularum'' <small>Richardson, 1842</small>||Southern red scorpionfish|| southeastern Australia |- |}

==Description== ''Scorpaena papillosa'' grows to a maximum length of approximately 30&nbsp;cm. Its large mouth contains small, thin teeth that form velvety bands (villiform). It has 12 dorsal spines, 9 to 10 dorsal soft rays, 3 anal spines, 5 anal soft rays, a small row of spines beneath the eyes, and a gill cover margin containing 3 spines.<ref name="fishbase1"/>

==Distribution== This species is found in the Indo-West Pacific, in New Zealand and southern Australia.<ref name="fishbase1"/>

==Habitat== ''Scorpaena papillosa'' lives in marine, demersal, temperate waters, at depths of {{convert|5|-|50|m}}.<ref name="fishwise1">{{cite web|url=http://www.fishwise.co.za/Default.aspx?TabID=110&GenusSpecies=Scorpaena_papillosa&SpecieConfigId=244941 |title=''Scorpaena papillosa'' (Schneider & Forster 1801) |publisher=Fishwise |date= |accessdate=2011-09-15}}</ref><ref name="fishbase1"/> It can be found on rocky bottoms, in shallow estuaries, in muddy waters as well as other environments, such as in offshore kelp beds and shallow seagrass beds. Juveniles of this species are sometimes found in large rock pools.<ref name="fishbase1"/>

==Diet== This fish feeds on many different invertebrates, including crustaceans. It also eats other fish.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reefwatch.asn.au/pages/bin/view/Publications/SamsccSouthern_Red_Scorpionfish_-_Southern_Rock_Cod_-_Red_Rock_Cod_-_Common_Red_Gurnard_-_Southern_Red_Scorpion_Cod_-_Common_Red_Rock_Cod |title=SamsccSouthern_Red_Scorpionfish_-_Southern_Rock_Cod_-_Red_Rock_Cod_-_Common_Red_Gurnard_-_Southern_Red_Scorpion_Cod_-_Common_Red_Rock_Cod < Publications < Reef Watch |publisher=Reefwatch.asn.au |date=2008-03-01 |accessdate=2011-09-15}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * [http://www.deepseaimages.com/dsilibrary/showphoto.php?photo=21978&cat=527&limit=recent Image]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2548470}}

papillosa Category:Fish described in 1801