{{Short description|Community or territory}} {{other uses}} {{mi| {{one source|date=February 2026}} {{more sources|date=February 2026}} {{original research|date=February 2026}} }} A '''realm''' is a community or territory over which a sovereign rules. The term is commonly used to describe a monarchical or dynastic state. A realm may also be a subdivision within an empire, if it has its own monarch, e.g. the German Empire.
==Etymology== {{wiktionary|realm}} The Old French word {{lang|fro|reaume}}, modern French {{lang|fr|royaume}}, was the word first adopted in English; the fixed modern spelling does not appear until the beginning of the 17th century. The word supposedly derives from medieval Latin {{lang|la|regalimen}}, from {{lang|la|regalis}}, of or belonging to a {{lang|la|rex}} {{gloss|king}}.<ref>{{EB1911|wstitle=Realm|volume=22|page=941|inline=1}}</ref> The word ''rex'' itself is derived from the Latin verb {{lang|la|regere}}, which means {{gloss|to rule}}. Thus the literal meaning of the word ''realm'' is {{gloss|the territory of a ruler}}, traditionally a monarch (emperor, king, grand duke, prince, etc.).
==Usage== [[File:Portuguese_empire_1800.png|thumb|The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves with all its colonies. Example of a kingdom out of an empire. (Extinct country that had a royal throne)]] [[File:Bavaria in the German Reich (1871).svg|thumb|Bavaria, a kingdom that was attached to an empire]] "Realm" is particularly used for those states whose name includes the word ''kingdom'' (for example, the United Kingdom), as elegant variation, to avoid clumsy repetition of the word in a sentence (for example, "The King's realm, the United Kingdom..."). It is also useful to describe those countries whose monarchs are called something other than "king" or "queen"; for example, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is a realm but not a kingdom, since its monarch holds the title Grand Duke rather than King.
The term may commonly be used to describe any of the "Commonwealth realms", which are kingdoms in their own right, sharing the same person as monarch, but each fully sovereign.
More broadly, a "realm" may encompass territories that are subject to a monarch, yet are not a physical part of their "kingdom"; for example, the Cook Islands and Niue are considered parts of the Realm of New Zealand, although they are not part of New Zealand proper.
Realm may also be used metaphorically to refer to an area of knowledge, expertise or habitat within which an individual or denizen is pre-eminent or dominant, e.g., "Shakespeare's realm was English drama," or "A lion's realm is the jungle".
== See also == * Biogeographic realm, a concept in biogeography * Demesne (or "Domain"), the term for the part of the realm controlled directly rather than via tenants.
* Empire * Kingdom * ''Reich'', the German word for "realm"
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Authority control}} Category:Monarchy