Gryllacrididae

{{Short description|Family of insects}} {{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Gryllacrididae | image = Silk-from-Crickets-A-New-Twist-on-Spinning-pone.0030408.s003.ogv | image_caption = ''Hyalogryllacris sp.'' fabricating silk | authority = Blanchard, 1845 | subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies | subdivision = * Gryllacridinae * Hyperbaeninae | synonyms = Gryllacridae }}

'''Gryllacrididae''' are a family of non-jumping insects in the suborder Ensifera occurring worldwide, known commonly as '''leaf-rolling crickets''' or '''raspy crickets'''. The family historically has been broadly defined to include what are presently several other families, such as Stenopelmatidae ("Jerusalem crickets") and Rhaphidophoridae ("camel crickets"),<ref>{{cite journal|author=Desutter-Grandcolas, L.|year=2003|title=Phylogeny and the evolution of acoustic communication in extant Ensifera (Insecta, Orthoptera)|journal=Zoologica Scripta|volume=32|issue=6|pages=525–561|url=http://www.mnhn.fr/oseb/Desutter/Desutter_fichiers/2003/Desutter-Grandcolas_ZoolScr2003.pdf|doi=10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00142.x|s2cid=85659457|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612062946/http://www.mnhn.fr/oseb/Desutter/Desutter_fichiers/2003/Desutter-Grandcolas_ZoolScr2003.pdf|archive-date=2011-06-12}}</ref> now considered separate. As presently defined, the family contains two subfamilies: Gryllacridinae and Hyperbaeninae.<ref name = "OSF">[http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1130540 Orthoptera Species File: family Gryllacrididae Blanchard, 1845 (version 5.0: retrieved 19 July 2019)]</ref> They are commonly wingless and nocturnal. In the daytime, most species rest in shelters made from folded leaves sewn with silk. Some species use silk to burrow in sand, earth or wood.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Rentz, D.C.F.|author2=John, B. |year=1990| title=Studies in Australian Gryllacrididae: taxonomy, biology, ecology and cytology|journal=Invertebrate Taxonomy|volume=3|issue=8 |pages=1052–1210|doi=10.1071/IT9891053|url=http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/IT9891053.htm|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Raspy crickets evolved the ability to produce silk independently from other insects, but their silk has many convergent features to silkworm silk, being made of long, repetitive proteins with an extended beta-sheet structure.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Walker AA, Weisman S, Church JS, Merritt DJ, Mudie ST, Sutherland TD |year=2012| title=Silk from Crickets: A New Twist on Spinning|journal=PLOS ONE |volume=7|issue=2|article-number=e30408|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0030408|pmid=22355311|pmc=3280245|bibcode=2012PLoSO...730408W|doi-access=free}}</ref>

== Subfamilies, tribes and selected genera == The ''Orthoptera Species File''<ref name = "OSF"/> lists two subfamilies:

===Gryllacridinae=== ;tribe Ametrini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * ''Ametrus'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 * ''Apterolarnaca'' Gorochov, 2004 ;tribe Ametroidini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * ''Ametroides'' Karny, 1928 * ''Glomeremus'' Karny, 1937 ;tribe Eremini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * ''Eremus'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 ;tribe Gryllacridini Blanchard, 1845 * ''Camptonotus'' Uhler, 1864 * ''Furcilarnaca'' Gorochov, 2004 * ''Gryllacris'' Serville, 1831 – '''type genus''' * ''Larnaca (cricket)'' Walker, 1869

===Hyperbaeninae=== ;tribe Asarcogryllacridini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * ''Asarcogryllacris'' Karny, 1937 * ''Zalarnaca'' Gorochov, 2005 ;tribe Capnogryllacridini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * ''Capnogryllacris'' Karny, 1937 * ''Marthogryllacris'' Karny, 1937 * ''Woznessenskia'' Gorochov, 2002 ;tribe Hyperbaenini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * ''Hyperbaenus'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 – '''type genus for subfamily''' ;tribe Paragryllacridini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * ''Paragryllacris'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 ;tribe Phryganogryllacridini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 * ''Phryganogryllacris'' Karny, 1937

===Fossil taxa (unplaced)=== *''Plesiolarnaca'' † *''Pseudogryllacris'' † *''Xenogryllacris'' † - ''X. reductus'' Riek, 1955

'''Note''': The genus ''Lezina'' of the subfamily Lezininae is now placed in the family Anostostomatidae.

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * {{Commons category-inline}} * {{Cite news|last=Lockwood|first=Jeffrey A.|title=The Nature of Violence|url=http://www.orionmagazine.org/index.php/articles/article/2810/|newspaper=Orion Magazine|date=January–February 2006|access-date=2010-08-10|archive-date=2011-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718044346/http://www.orionmagazine.org/index.php/articles/article/2810/}} Article discussing Gryllacrididae and its behavior

Category:Gryllacrididae Category:Orthoptera families Category:Articles containing video clips