Productida

{{Short description|Extinct order of brachiopods}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Productid interior ventral Permian Texas.JPG | image_caption = Productid brachiopod ventral valve interior; Roadian, Guadalupian (Middle Permian); Glass Mountains, Texas. | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Silurian|Early Triassic|latest=Late Triassic}} | taxon = Productida | authority = Sarytcheva & Sokolskaya, 1959 | subdivision_ranks = Suborders | subdivision = * †Chonetidina * †Lyttoniidina * †Productidina * †Strophalosiidina }}

'''Productida''' is an extinct order of brachiopods in the extinct class Strophomenata. Members of Productida first appeared during the Silurian.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Clarkson|first=E. N. K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ozNIDAAAQBAJ&dq=Productida+first+appearance&pg=PT308|title=Invertebrate Palaeontology and Evolution|date=2013-07-23|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-68516-7|language=en}}</ref> They represented the most abundant group of brachiopods during the Permian period, accounting for 45-70% of all species. The vast majority of species went extinct during the Permian-Triassic extinction event, though a handful survived into the Early Triassic.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=Yang|last2=He|first2=WeiHong|date=November 2008|title=Evolutionary patterns of Productida (Brachiopoda) morphology during the Permian in South China|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11430-008-0131-3|journal=Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences|language=en|volume=51|issue=11|pages=1589–1600|doi=10.1007/s11430-008-0131-3|bibcode=2008ScChD..51.1589Z |s2cid=129786860|issn=1006-9313|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Many productids are covered in hollow tubular spines, which are characteristic of the group. A number of functions for the spines have been proposed, including as a defensive mechanism against predators.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Johnsen|first1=Simen Alexander Linge|last2=Ahmed|first2=Madeeha|last3=Leighton|first3=Lindsey R.|date=April 2013|title=The effect of spines of a Devonian productide brachiopod on durophagous predation|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031018213000850|journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology|language=en|volume=375|pages=30–37|doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.02.009|bibcode=2013PPP...375...30J |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

== Taxonomy== Following the Treatise<ref>{{TreatiseH}}</ref> * Suborder Chonetidina ** Superfamily Chonetoidea *** Family Strophochonetidae *** Family Chonostrophiidae *** Family Anopliidae *** Family Eodevonariidae *** Family Chonetidae *** Family Rugosochonetidae *** Family Daviesiellidae * Suborder Productidina ** Superfamily Productoidea *** Family Productellidae *** Family Productidae ** Superfamily Echinoconchoidea *** Family Echinoconchidae *** Family Sentosiidae ** Superfamily Linoproductoidea *** Family Linoproductidae *** Family Monticuliferidae *** Family Shrenkiellidae * Suborder Strophalosiidina ** Superfamily Strophalosioidea *** Family Strophalosiidae *** Family Chonopectidae *** Family Araksalosiidae ** Superfamily Aulostegoidea *** Family Aulostegidae *** Family Cooperinidae *** Family Scacchinellidae ** Superfamily Richthofenioidea *** Family Richthofeniidae *** Family Hercosiidae *** Family Cyclacanthariidae *** Family Gemmellaroiidae * Suborder Lyttoniidina ** Superfamily Lyttonioidea *** Family Lyttoniidae *** Family Rigbyellidae ** Superfamily Permianelloidea *** Family Permianellidae

== References == {{Reflist}}

== External links == * {{Wikispecies-inline}} * {{Commons-inline}} * {{fossilworks|id=55005 |title=Productida |date= }}

Category:Productida Category:Strophomenata Category:Prehistoric brachiopod orders Category:Late Ordovician first appearances Category:Early Triassic extinctions