Pristis

{{Short description|Genus of cartilaginous fishes}} {{Hatnote|This article covers the genus ''Pristis''. For the family Pristidae, see sawfish.}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossil range|59.2|0|Late Paleocene - Recent}}<ref name=Wueringer2009/><ref name=Cicimurri2009/> | image = Pristis pristis - Georgia Aquarium Jan 2006.jpg | image_caption = ''Pristis pristis'' | image2 = Sawfish Pristis zijsron Genova Aquarium.jpg | image2_caption =''Pristis zijsron'' | taxon = Pristis | authority = Linck, 1790 }}

'''''Pristis''''' is a genus of sawfish of the family Pristidae. These large fish are found worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions in coastal marine waters, estuaries, and freshwater lakes and rivers.<ref name=LastWhite2016>{{cite book |editor=Peter R. Last |editor2=William T. White |editor3=Marcelo R. de Carvalho |editor4=Bernard Séret |editor5=Matthias F. W. Stehmann |editor6=Gavin J. P. Naylor | title=Rays of the World | year=2016 | publisher=CSIRO | pages=59–66 | isbn=978-0-643-10914-8 }}</ref> Sawfish have declined drastically and all species are considered critically endangered today.<ref name=IUCNgenus>{{cite web| date=14 November 2017 | title=Pristis | url=http://www.iucnredlist.org | publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature, Red List of Threatened Species | access-date=14 November 2017 }}</ref><ref name=Dulvy2014>{{cite journal |author=Nicholas K. Dulvy |author2=Lindsay N. K. Davidson |author3=Peter M. Kyne |author4=Colin A. Simpfendorfer |author5=Lucy R. Harrison |author6=John K. Carlson |author7=Sonja V. Fordham | year=2014 | title=Ghosts of the coast: global extinction risk and conservation of sawfishes | journal=Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. | volume=26 | issue=1 | pages=134–153 | doi=10.1002/aqc.2525 | url=https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/37738/6/37738%20Dulvy%20et%20al%202016.pdf | doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Taxonomy== The scientific genus name ''Pristis'' is derived from the Greek word for saw.<ref>{{cite web| author1=Sullivan, T. |author2=C. Elenberger | date=April 2012 | title=Largetooth Sawfish | url=https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/fish/discover/species-profiles/pristis-perotteti/ | publisher=University of Florida | access-date=14 November 2017 }}</ref>

===Living species=== Recent authorities recognize four species:<ref name=IUCNgenus/><ref name=Dulvy2014/><ref name=CatalogFish>{{cite web| author1=Eschmeyer, W.N. |author2=R. Fricke |author3=R. van der Laan | date=1 November 2017 | title=Catalog of Fishes | url=http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp | publisher=California Academy of Sciences | access-date=14 November 2017 }}</ref><ref name=LastCarvalho2016>{{cite book| author1=Last, P.R.| author1-link=Peter R. Last|author2=De Carvalho, M.R. |author3=Corrigan, S. |author4=Naylor, G.J.P. |author5=Séret, B. |author6=Yang, L. | year=2016 | chapter=The Rays of the World project - an explanation of nomenclatural decisions | pages=1–10 |editor1=Last, P.R. |editor2=Yearsley, G.R. | title=Rays of the World: Supplementary Information | publisher=CSIRO Special Publication | isbn=978-1-4863-0801-9 }}</ref>

* ''Pristis clavata'' Garman, 1906 — dwarf sawfish, Queensland sawfish * ''Pristis pectinata'' Latham, 1794 — smalltooth sawfish * ''Pristis pristis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) — largetooth sawfish, common sawfish, freshwater sawfish, Leichhardt's sawfish * ''Pristis zijsron'' Bleeker, 1851 — longcomb sawfish, green sawfish

These are divided into two species groups. Most are considered a part of the smalltooth group, except ''P. pristis'' which is the sole member of the largetooth group.<ref name=taxonomy>Faria, V. V.; McDavitt, M. T.; Charvet, P.; Wiley, T. R.; Simpfendorfer, C. A.; Naylor, G. J. P. (2013). ''Species delineation and global population structure of Critically Endangered sawfishes (Pristidae).'' Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 167: 136–164. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00872.x.</ref> Two additional species, ''P. microdon'' and ''P. perotteti'', have historically been recognized, but in 2013 it was shown that they are conspecific with ''P. pristis'' as morphological and genetic differences are lacking,<ref name=taxonomy/> leading recent authorities to treat them as synonyms.<ref name=Dulvy2014/><ref name=CatalogFish/><ref name=LastCarvalho2016/><ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author=Espinoza, M. |author2=Bonfil-Sanders, R. |author3=Carlson, J. |author4=Charvet, P. |author5=Chevis, M. |author6=Dulvy, N.K. |author7=Everett, B. |author8=Faria, V. |author9=Ferretti, F. |author10=Fordham, S. |author11=Grant, M.I. |author12=Haque, A.B. |author13=Harry, A.V. |author14=Jabado, R.W. |author15=Jones, G.C.A. |author16=Kelez, S. |author17=Lear, K.O. |author18=Morgan, D.L. |author19=Phillips, N.M. |author20=Wueringer, B.E. |year=2022 |title=''Pristis pristis'' |volume=2022 |article-number=e.T18584848A58336780 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T18584848A58336780.en |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref><ref name=DEEAustralia>{{cite web | date=2017 | title=Pristis pristis — Freshwater Sawfish, Largetooth Sawfish, River Sawfish, Leichhardt's Sawfish, Northern Sawfish | url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=66182 |website=Department of the Environment and Energy | access-date=14 November 2017 }}</ref><ref name=PollerspockStraube>{{cite web| author1=Pollerspöck, J. |author2=N. Straube | title=Pristis pristis | url=http://shark-references.com/species/view/Pristis-pristis | publisher=shark-references.com | access-date=14 November 2017 }}</ref> ''Anoxypristis cuspidata'' was formerly included in ''Pristis'', but it has a number of distinctive features (for example, no teeth on the basal quarter of the saw) and recent authorities place it in its own genus.<ref name=LastWhite2016/><ref name=Dulvy2014/><ref name=CatalogFish/>

===Extinct species=== According to Fossilworks, extinct ''Pristis'' species only known from fossil remains include:<ref name=aa>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=34700 Fossilworks]</ref> {{div col|colwidth=22em}} * ''Pristis acutidens'' Agassiz 1843 * ''Pristis amblodon'' Cope 1869 * ''Pristis aquitanicus'' Delfortrie 1871 * ''Pristis atlanticus'' Zbyszewski 1947 * ''Pristis bisulcatus'' Agassiz 1843 * ''Pristis brachyodon'' Cope 1869 * ''Pristis brayi'' Casier 1949 * ''Pristis caheni'' Dartevelle and Casier 1959 * ''Pristis contortus'' Dixon 1850 * ''Pristis curvidens'' Leidy 1855 * ''Pristis dubius'' Münster 1846 * ''Pristis ensidens'' Leidy 1855 * ''Pristis fajumensis'' Stromer 1905 * ''Pristis hastingsiae'' Agassiz 1843 * ''Pristis lanceolatus'' Jonet 1968 * ''Pristis lathami'' Galeotti 1837 * ''Pristis olbrechtsi'' Dartevelle and Casier 1959 * ''Pristis pectinatus'' Latham 1794 * ''Pristis pickeringi'' Case 1981 * ''Pristis prosulcatus'' Stromer 1905 [[File: Pristidae - Pristis lathami.JPG|thumb|240px|right|Fossil rostal teeth of ''Pristis lathami'' from Khouribga (Morocco.)]] {{div col end}}

However, among this list are some species considered invalid by recent authorities and others now generally recognized as belonging in ''Anoxypristis''.<ref name=Wueringer2009>{{cite journal| author1=Wueringer, B.E. |author2=L. Squire Jr. |author3=S.P. Collin | year=2009 | title=The biology of extinct and extant sawfish (Batoidea: Sclerorhynchidae and Pristidae) | journal=Rev Fish Biol Fisheries | volume=19 | issue=4 | pages=445–464 | doi=10.1007/s11160-009-9112-7 |bibcode=2009RFBF...19..445W |s2cid=3352391 }}</ref><ref name=VanOljen2007>{{cite journal |author=Martien J P. Van Oijen |author2=Vicente Faria |author3=Matthew T. McDavitt | year=2007 | title=The curious holotype of Pristis dubius Bleeker, 1852 and the unravelling of Bleeker's sawfish taxonomy | journal=Raffles Bulletin of Zoology | volume=14 | pages=37–49}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=Introduction | url=http://www.fossilsawfish.com/index.html | publisher=Fossil Sawfish | access-date=17 November 2017 }}</ref> Fossil ''Pristis'' range from the Late Paleocene to the Quaternary period.<ref name=Wueringer2009/><ref name=Cicimurri2009>{{cite journal| author=Cicimurri, D.J. | year=2009 | title=A Partial Rostrum of the Sawfish Pristis lathami Galeotti, 1837, from the Eocene of South Carolina | journal=Journal of Paleontology | volume=81 | issue=3 | pages=597–601 | doi=10.1666/05086.1 | s2cid=130683481 }}</ref> Fossils have been found all over the world.<ref name=aa/>

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Pristis Category:Marine fish genera