Pridoli Epoch

{{short description|Final Series (Epoch) of the Silurian}} {{Infobox geologic timespan | name = Přídolí | color = Pridoli | time_start = 422.7 | time_start_uncertainty = 1.6 | time_end = 419.62 | time_end_uncertainty = 1.36 | image_map = Mollweide Paleographic Map of Earth, 420 Ma (Přídolí Epoch).png | caption_map = A map of Earth as it appeared 420 million years ago during the Přídolí Epoch | image_outcrop = | caption_outcrop = | image_art = | caption_art =  | timeline = Silurian | proposed_boundaries1 = | proposed_boundaries1_ref = | proposed_boundaries2 = | proposed_boundaries2_ref = | proposed_boundaries3 = | proposed_boundaries3_ref = | proposed_subdivision1 = | proposed_subdivision1_coined = | proposed_subdivision2 = | proposed_subdivision2_coined = | proposed_subdivision3 = | proposed_subdivision3_coined = | former_subdivisions = | formerly_part_of = | partially_contained_in = | partially_contains =  | name_formality = Formal | name_accept_date = 1984 | alternate_spellings = | synonym1 = | synonym1_coined = | synonym2 = | synonym2_coined = | synonym3 = | synonym3_coined = | nicknames = | former_names = | proposed_names =  | celestial_body = earth | usage = Global (ICS) | timescales_used = ICS Time Scale | formerly_used_by = | not_used_by =  | chrono_unit = Epoch | strat_unit = Series | proposed_by = | timespan_formality = Formal | lower_boundary_def = FAD of the graptolite ''Monograptus parultimus'' | lower_gssp_location = Požáry Section, Řeporyje District, Prague, Czech Republic | lower_gssp_coords = {{Coord|50.0277|N|14.3249|E|display=inline}} | lower_gssp_accept_date = 1984<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lucas |first1=Sepncer |title=The GSSP Method of Chronostratigraphy: A Critical Review |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |date=6 November 2018 |volume=6 |page=191 |doi=10.3389/feart.2018.00191 |bibcode=2018FrEaS...6..191L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Holland |first1=C. |title=Series and Stages of the Silurian System |journal=Episodes |date=June 1985 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=101–103 |doi=10.18814/epiiugs/1985/v8i2/005 |url=https://timescalefoundation.org/references/Silurian1.pdf |access-date=11 December 2020|doi-access=free }}</ref> | upper_boundary_def = FAD of the graptolite ''Monograptus uniformis'' | upper_gssp_location = Klonk, Prague, Czech Republic | upper_gssp_coords = {{Coord|49.8550|N|13.7920|E|display=inline}} | upper_gssp_accept_date = 1972<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chlupáč |first1=Ivo |last2=Hladil |first2=Jindrich |title=The global stratotype section and point of the Silurian-Devonian boundary |journal=CFS Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg |date=January 2000 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260135817 |access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref>  | o2 = | co2 = | temp = | sea_level = }} In the geologic timescale, the '''Přídolí Epoch''' ({{IPA|cs|ˈpr̝̊iːdoliː}}) is the fourth and latest epoch of the Silurian Period, corresponding to the '''Přídolí Series''', the uppermost subdivision of the Silurian System. It is dated at between 422.7 ± 1.6 and 419.62 ± 1.36 mya (million years ago). The Přídolí Epoch succeeds the Ludfordian age of the Ludlow epoch and precedes the Lochkovian, the earliest of three ages within the Early Devonian geological epoch. It is named after one locality at the ''Homolka a Přídolí'' nature reserve near the Prague suburb, Slivenec, in the Czech Republic.<ref name="a2004">{{cite book |isbn=9780521786737|title=A Geologic Time Scale 2004|last1=Gradstein|first1=Felix M.|last2=Ogg|first2=James G.|last3=Smith|first3=Alan G.|year=2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref> The GSSP is located within the Požáry Formation, overlying the Kopanina Formation. Přídolí is the old name of a cadastral field area.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.geology.cz/bulletin/contents/art1174 |first1=Štěpán |last1=Manda |first2=Jiří |last2=Frýda |title=Silurian-Devonian boundary events and their influence on cephalopod evolution: evolutionary significance of cephalopod egg size during mass extinctions |journal=Bulletin of Geosciences |volume=85 |year=2010 |issue=3 |pages=513–40 |doi=10.3140/bull.geosci.1174|doi-access=free }}</ref>

The Šilalė Event, a negative carbon isotope excursion corresponding to an extinction event of conodonts, occurred during the early Pridoli.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Spiridonov |first1=Andrej |last2=Stankevič |first2=Robertas |last3=Gečas |first3=Tomas |last4=Brazauskas |first4=Antanas |last5=Kaminskas |first5=Donatas |last6=Musteikis |first6=Petras |last7=Kaveckas |first7=Tomas |last8=Meidla |first8=Tõnu |last9=Bičkauskas |first9=Giedrius |last10=Ainsaar |first10=Leho |last11=Radzevičius |first11=Sigitas |date=October 2020 |title=Ultra-high resolution multivariate record and multiscale causal analysis of Pridoli (late Silurian): Implications for global stratigraphy, turnover events, and climate-biota interactions |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1342937X20301805 |journal=Gondwana Research |volume=86 |pages=222–249 |doi=10.1016/j.gr.2020.05.015 |s2cid=225582759 |access-date=13 November 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

thumb|300px|left|Gondwana during the Přídolí, 420 Ma

== Subdivisions == The Pridoli Series has not yet been divided into stages, but the Pridoli Working Group is developing its division into two stages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://silurian.stratigraphy.org/news|title=Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy. News.|website=Silurian.stratigraphy.org}}</ref> The boundary and markers of the lower stage, Jarovian, would completely coincide with those for the entire Pridoli. The second (upper) stage supposed to be named Radotinian by Czech researchers. The lower boundary of this stage is proposed to be determined by the FAD of the graptolite ''Wolynograptus bouceki'', with the FADs of the cephalopod ''Kopaninoceras fluminese'' and the conodont ''Oulodus detortus'' as supporting markers. The Hvížďalka section is proposed as a stratotype of the Radotinian stage.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Manda|first1=Štěpán|last2=Slavík|first2=Ladislav|last3=Storch|first3=Petr|last4=Tasáryová|first4=Zuzana|last5=Čáp|first5=Pavel|date=June 2022|title=Division of Přídolí Series in Central Bohemia: graptolite and conodont biostratigraphy, faunal changes, and geochemical record|journal=Newsletters on Stratigraphy|volume=56|issue=1|pages=89-123|doi=10.1127/nos/2022/0695}}</ref>

== References == {{reflist}}

Category:Pridoli epoch Category:Silurian geochronology Category:Geological epochs