List of preprint repositories

This is a list of repositories used to store open science research outputs, which may include preprints, datasets, and journal publications with open content licenses.<ref name="erc-ongoing"> {{cite web | author = ERC | title = Open science | work = European Research Council (ERC) | location = Brussels, Belgium | url = https://erc.europa.eu/manage-your-project/open-science | access-date = 2025-06-07 }} Website. {{open access}} </ref>

==List== {{sticky header}} {| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style="font-size: 90%; width: 100%" |- ! Name ! Discipline(s){{Efn||name=Disciplines|group=}} ! Description !Size{{Efn||name=Size|group=}} !Created{{Efn||name=Created|group=}} ! Provider(s) |- |AIJR Preprints |Multidisciplinary |AIJR Preprints is an open-access Indian preprint repository which is indexed in Europe PMC<ref>{{Cite web |title=Europe PMC |url=https://europepmc.org/search?query=PUBLISHER:%22AIJR%20Preprints%22 |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=europepmc.org}}</ref> and listed in OpenDOAR<ref>{{Cite web |title=AIJR Preprints - Sherpa Services |url=https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/repository/9935 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405135552/http://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/repository/9935 |archive-date=2024-04-05 |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=v2.sherpa.ac.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref> |>100 |2020 |AIJR Publisher |- |AAS Open Research |Multidisciplinary |At least one of the authors must be affiliated with the African Academy of Sciences |>100 |2018 |African Academy of Sciences & F1000 Research Ltd |- |AMRC Open Research |Medicine |At least one of the authors must be affiliated with AMRC member charities |<100 |2019 |Association of Medical Research Charities & F1000 Research Ltd |- |agriRxiv |Agriculture |Global preprint service for agriculture and allied sciences |>100 |2017 |Open Access India & CAB International |- |APSA Preprints |Political science |Early research outputs in political science and related disciplines |>100 |2019 |American Political Science Association & Cambridge University Press |- |mp_arc |Mathematical physics |Main focus: mathematics, physics |>10,000 |{{eliminated|1991–2023}} |University of Texas at Austin, Università Roma Tre, Universitat de Barcelona |- |arXiv<ref>{{Cite arXiv |eprint=1108.2700|last1=Ginsparg|first1=Paul|title=It was twenty years ago today|year=2011|class=cs.DL}}</ref> |Multidisciplinary |Main focus: mathematics, physics, astronomy, computer science, quantitative biology, statistics, quantitative finance and economics |>1,000,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Monthly Submissions |url=https://arxiv.org/stats/monthly_submissions |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=arxiv.org}}</ref> |1991 |Cornell University<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/arxiv-pioneering-preprint-server-declares-independence-cornell |work=science.org |author=Jeffrey Brainard |title=ArXiv, the pioneering preprint server, declares independence from Cornell |date=2026-03-18 |publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science }}</ref> |- |AfricArXiv<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mallapaty|first=Smriti|date=2018-06-25|title=African scientists launch their own preprint repository|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05543-w|journal=Nature|language=en|doi=10.1038/d41586-018-05543-w|s2cid=158526432|url-access=subscription}}</ref> |Multidisciplinary |Preprint server for interdisciplinary research in Africa |>100 |2018 |Center for Open Science |- |Arabixiv |Multidisciplinary |Arabic Preprint Server |>100 |2018 |Center for Open Science |- |ARPHA Preprints |Multidisciplinary |The submission systems limited to the participating ARPHA journals |<100 |2020 |Pensoft Publishers |- |Authorea<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Perkel|first=Jeffrey M.|date=2014-10-02|title=Scientific writing: the online cooperative|journal=Nature News|language=en|volume=514|issue=7520|pages=127–128|doi=10.1038/514127a|pmid=25279924|bibcode=2014Natur.514..127P|s2cid=4452280|doi-access=free}}</ref> |Multidisciplinary |A collaborative writing platform that can be used as preprint server |>10,000 |2013 |Atypon |- |Beilstein Archives |Multidisciplinary |Preprint server for Beilstein journals |>100 |2019 |Beilstein Institut |- |{{ill|BioHackrXiv|qid=Q115450084}} |Life Sciences |Preprint server to report on works done during BioHackathons, CodeFests, Sprints or similar events |>100<ref>{{cite web |title=BioHackrXiv |url=https://biohackrxiv.org/discover |access-date=4 November 2025 |website=biohackrxiv.org}}</ref> |2020 |Center for Open Science |- |bioRxiv<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Callaway|first=Ewen|date=2013|title=Preprints come to life|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=503|issue=7475|pages=180|doi=10.1038/503180a|pmid=24226869|bibcode=2013Natur.503..180C|s2cid=4465821|issn=0028-0836|doi-access=free}}</ref> |Biology |Open access preprint repository for the biological sciences |>100,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Search Results {{!}} bioRxiv |url=https://www.biorxiv.org/search/jcode:biorxiv%20numresults:10%20sort:relevance-rank%20format_result:standard |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=www.biorxiv.org |language=en}}</ref> |2013 |Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |- |{{ill|BodoArXiv|qid=Q63364251}} |Medieval Studies |Open Repository for Medieval Studies |<100 |2019 |ScholarlyHub & Center for Open Science |- |Cell Sneak Peek |Biology |Manuscript under review in Cell Press journals |>1,000 |2018 |Elsevier |- |ChemRxiv<ref>{{Cite web|title=ACS launches chemistry preprint server|url=https://cen.acs.org/articles/94/web/2016/08/ACS-launches-chemistry-preprint-server.html|access-date=2020-12-15|website=Chemical & Engineering News|language=en}}</ref> |Chemistry |Open access preprint archive for chemistry |>10,000 |2017 |American Chemical Society, Royal Society of Chemistry & German Chemical Society |- |{{ill|ChinaXiv|qid=Q111308732}} |Multidisciplinary |Preprint server for interdisciplinary research in China |>10,000 |2016 |National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences |- |CogPrints |Multidisciplinary |Psychology, Neuroscience, Linguistics, Computer Science, Philosophy, and Biology |>1,000 |{{eliminated|1997–2017}} |University of Southampton |- |CrimRxiv |Criminology |Criminology's open archive |>100 |2020 |University of Manchester |- |Cryptology ePrint Archive |Cryptography |Open access preprint archive for cryptography |>1,000 |1996 |International Association for Cryptologic Research |- |EarthArXiv<ref>{{Cite web|title=Earth Science Is Ready for Preprints|url=https://eos.org/science-updates/earth-science-is-ready-for-preprints|access-date=2020-12-15|website=Eos|date=23 April 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref> |Earth science |All subdomains of Earth Science and related domains of planetary science |>1,000 |2017 |California Digital Library |- |EcoEvoRxiv |Ecology |A free preprint service for ecology, evolution and conservation |>100 |2018 |Center for Open Science |- |EconStor |Economics and Business Studies |A subject based repository with a high share of working papers (preprints) |>100,000 |2009 |ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics |- |ECSarXiv |Electrochemistry |A free preprint service for electrochemistry and solid state science and technology |>100 |2018 |Center for Open Science |- |{{ill|EdArXiv|qid=Q115480375}} |Education |A Preprint Server For The Education Research Community |>100 |2019 |Center for Open Science |- |engrXiv<ref>{{Cite web|title=engrXiv Blog|url=https://blog.engrxiv.org/2016/07/announcement|access-date=2020-12-15|website=blog.engrxiv.org}}</ref> |Engineering |Open archive of engineering preprints |>1,000 |2016 |Open Engineering Inc |- |ESSOAr |Earth science |Earth and space science preprints and conference posters |>1,000 |2018 |American Geophysical Union, Atypon, & Wiley |- |Eyexiv |Vision science |The Eye Open Repository, Preprints for ophthalmology, optometry, and vision science |>100 |2022 |International Virtual Ophthalmic Research Center |- |E-LIS |Library science |Eprints in Library and Information Science |>10,000 |2003 |E-LIS Governance & CIEPI |- |F1000 Research |Life Sciences |Preprint server with integrated option of peer review by invited experts, suggested by the authors, done openly after publication |>1,000 |2012 |F1000 Research Ltd |- | figshare | Multidisciplinary | Open content repository | ''unknown'' | 2011 | Springer Nature |- |FocUS Archive |Ultrasound research |A free preprint service for the focused ultrasound research community |<100 |2018 |Center for Open Science |- |Frenxiv |Multidisciplinary |French server for preprints. Closed. |>100 |{{eliminated|2018–2022}} |Center for Open Science |- |Gates Open Research |Multidisciplinary |A platform for rapid author-led publication and open peer review of research funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |>100 |2017 |Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |- |HAL<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Baruch|first=Pierre|date=2007|title=Open access developments in France: the HAL Open Archives System|journal=Learned Publishing|language=en|volume=20|issue=4|pages=267–282|doi=10.1087/095315107X239636|s2cid=206006154|doi-access=free}}</ref> |Multidisciplinary |Open archive for scholarly documents from all academic fields |>1,000,000 |2001 |Centre pour la communication scientifique directe |- |HRB Open Research |Medicine |A preprint platform for HRB-funded researchers |>100 |2018 |Health Research Board & F1000 Research Ltd. |- |hprints |Arts and humanities |Nordic Arts and Humanities and Social Sciences Open Access repository |>100 |2008 |French National Centre for Scientific Research & Nordbib |- |{{ill|INArxiv|qid=Q56118131}} |Multidisciplinary |Preprint server for interdisciplinary research in Indonesia |>10,000 |{{eliminated|2017–2020}}<ref>{{Cite web |last= INArxiv |first=(OSF) |title=INArxiv |url=https://osf.io/preprints/inarxiv/l |access-date=2023-08-31 |language=en}}</ref> |Center for Open Science |- |{{ill|IndiaRxiv|qid=Q117481806}} |Multidisciplinary |Preprint server for interdisciplinary research in India |>100 |2019 |Open Access India, Center for Open Science & Society for Promotion of Horticulture |- |Jxiv |Multidisciplinary |Preprint server in Japan<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agency (JST) |first=Japan Science and Technology |title=JST Press Release#1551:Japan's first full-fledged preprint server Jxiv to be operational" |url=https://www.jst.go.jp/pr/info/info1551/index_e.html |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=www.jst.go.jp |language=en}}</ref> |>100 |2022 |Japan Science and Technology Agency |- |JMIR Preprints |Medicine |Preprint server by publisher JMIR Publications mainly for open review of JMIR submissions |>100<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lin |first1=Jennifer |title=Preprints growth rate ten times higher than journal articles |url=https://www.crossref.org/blog/preprints-growth-rate-ten-times-higher-than-journal-articles/ |website=Crossref |doi=10.64000/j5z8g-wdw85 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |2009<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Eysenbach |first1=Gunther |title=Peer-Review 2.0: Welcome to JMIR Preprints, an Open Peer-Review Marketplace for Scholarly Manuscripts |url=https://preprints.jmir.org/2015/1/e1/ |journal=JMIR Preprints |year=2015 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=e1 |publisher=JMIR Publications}}</ref> |JMIR Publications |- |{{ill|LatArXiv Preprints|qid=Q134077750}} |Multidisciplinary |Preprint repository focused on early dissemination and citation of research primarily in the Latin American context. |>100 |2024<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pantaleo |first1=Patricio Iván |title=LatArXiv. Creación de un repositorio preprint y datos de investigación abierto para la comunidad latinoamericana |url=https://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/preprint/view/8124 |journal=SciELO Preprints |year=2025 |doi=10.1590/SciELOPreprints.8124 |publisher=Paideia Studio - Universidad Pablo de Olavide|doi-access=free }}</ref> |Paideia Publishing Services |- |LawArXiv |Law |Archive for legal research |>1,000 |{{eliminated|2017–2020}} |Center for Open Science |- |LISSA |Library science |'''L'''ibrary and '''I'''nformation '''S'''ciences '''S'''cholarship '''A'''rchive |>100 |2018 |Center for Open Science |- |LingBuzz |Linguistics |Preprint server for linguistics, covering phonology, semantics, syntax, morphology, and diachronic linguistics |>10,000 |2004(?) |University of Tromsø |- |MarXiv |Marine science |Repository for ocean and marine-climate science. Closed. |>100 |{{eliminated|2017–2020}} |Center for Open Science |- |{{ill|MediArXiv|qid=Q63364274}} |Communication sciences |Preprints for media, film, and communication research |>100 |2019 |Center for Open Science |- |medRxiv<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kaiser|first=Jocelyn|date=2019-06-05|title=Medical preprint server debuts|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/medical-preprint-server-debuts|journal=Science|doi=10.1126/science.aay2933|s2cid=241980128|issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription}}</ref> |Medicine |Open access preprint archive for medicine |>10,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Search Results {{!}} medRxiv |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/search/jcode:medrxiv%20numresults:10%20sort:relevance-rank%20format_result:standard |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=www.medrxiv.org |language=en}}</ref> |2019 |Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |- |{{ill|MetaArXiv|qid=Q115479835}} |Multidisciplinary |Focused on improving research transparency and reproducibility |>100<ref>{{Cite web |title=MetaArXiv |url=https://osf.io/preprints/metaarxiv/discover |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=osf.io}}</ref> |2018 |Center for Open Science |- |MindRxiv |Multidisciplinary |Preprints on mind and contemplative practices |>100 |2018 |Center for Open Science |- |Nature Precedings |Multidisciplinary |Preprint repository of scholarly work in the fields of biomedical sciences, chemistry, and earth sciences |>1,000 |{{eliminated|2007–2012}} |Nature Publishing Group |- |NutriXiv |Nutritional sciences |Preprint service for the nutritional sciences |<100 |2018 |Center for Open Science |- |Optimization Online |Mathematics |Eprint repository for optimization topics |>10,000 |2000 |Mathematical Optimization Society & Wisconsin institute |- |OSF Preprints |Multidisciplinary |Aggregates over 30 preprint servers (all from COS plus other like arXiv, bioRxiv, etc.). Number of native OSF Preprints documents: 25,114. |>1,000,000 |2017 |Center for Open Science |- |PaleorXiv<ref>{{Cite web|last=protohedgehog|date=2017-08-29|title=paleorXiv is a free publishing platform for Paleontology|url=http://fossilsandshit.com/paleorxiv-press-release/|access-date=2020-12-15|website=Green Tea and Velociraptors|language=en-CA}}</ref> |Paleontology |Preprint server for paleontology |>100 |2017 |Center for Open Science |- |''PeerJ PrePrints''<ref>{{Cite web|title=PeerJ Preprints to stop accepting new preprints Sep 30th 2019 – PeerJ Blog|url=https://peerj.com/blog/post/115284881747/peerj-preprints-to-stop-accepting-new-preprints-sep-30-2019/|access-date=2020-12-15|website=peerj.com}}</ref> |Biology, medicine |Initially, developed as preprint server for ''PeerJ'' submissions. Closed Sep 30th 2019. |>1,000 |{{eliminated|2013–2019}} |O'Reilly Media & SAGE Publishing |- |PhilArchive |Philosophy |A preprint archive for philosophy affiliated with PhilPapers |>10,000 |2009 |PhilPapers Foundation |- |PhilSci-Archive |Philosophy of science |An archive for preprints in philosophy of science |>10,000 |2001 |D-Scribe Digital Publishing |- |Preprints with The Lancet |Medicine |Preprints available via SSRN |>1,000 |2018 |Elsevier |- |Preprints.org |Multidisciplinary |Preprint server for interdisciplinary research governed by MDPI |>124,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Preprints.org - The Multidisciplinary Preprint Platform |url=https://www.preprints.org/ |access-date=2026-03-19 |website=www.preprints.org}}</ref> |2016 |MDPI |- |Preprints.ru |Multidisciplinary |Preprint server for interdisciplinary research in Russia |>100 |2019 |NEICON |- |PsyArXiv<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rife|first=Sean|date=2016-09-19|title=Introducing PsyArXiv: a preprint service for psychological science|url=http://blog.psyarxiv.com/2016/09/19/introducing-psyarxiv/|access-date=2020-12-15|website=PsyArXiv Blog|language=en-US}}</ref> |Psychology |Open access preprint archive for psychology |>10,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=PsyArXiv |url=https://psyarxiv.com/discover |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=psyarxiv.com}}</ref> |2016 |Society for the Improvement of Psychological Science |- |Qeios<ref>{{Cite news |last=Coy |first=Peter |date=2022-01-28 |title=Opinion {{!}} How to Disseminate Science Quickly |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/28/opinion/peer-review-research-studies.html |access-date=2022-10-04 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |Multidisciplinary |Open access, open peer review scientific publishing platform |>1000 |2019 |Qeios |- |RePEc |Economics |Research in economics |>1,000,000 |1997 |Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis |- |Research Square |Multidisciplinary |Preprint server plus editing (commercial) |>100,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Browse Articles |url=https://www.researchsquare.com/browse |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=www.researchsquare.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |2018 |Research Square R&D LLC |- |Rutgers Optimality Archive |Linguistics |A distribution point for research in Optimality Theory and its conceptual affiliates |>1,000 |1993 |School of Arts and Sciences at Rutgers University |- |SciELO Preprints |Multidisciplinary |Interdisciplinary research for Latin America, Iberian Peninsula, South Africa |>10,000 |2020 |SciELO |- |ScienceOpen |Multidisciplinary |A research and discovery network allowing scholars with at least 5 publications to freely review preprints. |>1,000,000 |2013 |ScienceOpen |- |SocArXiv |Social science |Open archive of the social sciences |>10,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Socarxiv |url=https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/discover |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=osf.io}}</ref> |2016 |Center for Open Science |- |SportRxiv |Sports science |Repository dedicated to sport and exercise related research |>100 |2017 |Center for Open Science |- |SSRN (First Look) |Multidisciplinary |Aggregates over 30 preprint servers (Preprints with ''The Lancet'', Cell Sneak Peek, etc.). More than 55 disciplines. Initially funded by SSRN in 1994, bought in 2016 by Elsevier. |>1,000,000 |1994 |Elsevier |- |TechRxiv |Engineering |Preprints in Technology Research |>10,000 |2020 |Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |- |ViXra<ref>{{Cite web|title=What's arXiv spelled backwards? A new place to publish : News blog|url=http://blogs.nature.com/news/2009/07/whats_arxiv_spelled_backwards.html|access-date=2020-12-16|website=blogs.nature.com}}</ref> |Multidisciplinary |Mainly physics and mathematics, but also other. An alternative to arXiv. Well-known for also having many unorthodox papers and also fringe science. |>10,000 |2009 |Scientific God Inc. |- |Wellcome Open Research |Multidisciplinary |At least one of the authors must be a Wellcome researcher |>100 |2017 |Wellcome Trust |- |WikiJournal Preprints |Multidisciplinary |Preprint repository of scholarly work in a MediaWiki format |<100 |2017 |WikiJournal User Group |- |Zenodo |Multidisciplinary |Preprint repository of scholarly work |>100,000 |2011 |OpenAIRE / CERN |- |Synthical<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inside.com.tw/article/32348-ai-tools-recommendations-week20|title = AI Tools Recommendations, Week 20| date=22 September 2024 }}</ref> |Multidisciplinary |Open access preprint repository for computer science, mathematics, economics, physics, cryptography, biology, and chemistry |>1,000,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://synthical.com/?is_viewing=true|title = Synthical: Science, Simplified}}</ref> |2023 |Synthical |}

== Explanatory notes == {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Disciplines|The Discipline(s) contain only the repository's main focus, as in virtually all preprint servers there are manuscripts from many subjects.}} {{efn|name=Size|Some servers will continue to host the preprint even once a published version is available. Others will 'convert' preprints to published articles (where the DOI of the published article is a version the preprint's doi). Sizes of the different repositories are therefore often not comparable. }} {{efn|name=Created|If Created is red, it means that the preprint server is no longer operating.}} }}

==References== {{reflist}}

== External links == * [https://asapbio.org/preprint-servers ASAPBio's list of preprint servers]

{{academic publishing}} Category:Academic publishing Category:Eprint archives Preprint repositories