{{short description|Mixture of dried flowers and other naturally fragrant plant material}} {{Other uses|Potpourri (disambiguation)}} {{distinguish|Popery}} {{Lead too short|date=March 2025}} [[File:Draper-Pot Pourri.jpg|thumb|Painting of a woman making potpourri by Herbert James Draper, 1897.]]
'''Potpourri''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|oʊ|p|ʊ|ˈ|r|iː}} {{respell|POH|puu|REE}}) or '''''pot-pourri''''' (OED) is a mixture of dried, naturally fragrant plant materials used to provide a gentle natural scent, commonly in residential settings. It is often placed in a decorative bowl.
==Etymology== {{wiktionary}} The word ''potpourri'' comes into English from the French word {{wikt-lang|fr|pot-pourri}}. The French term has two connotations. It is the French name for a Spanish stew with a wide variety of ingredients called {{lang|es|olla podrida}}, a specialty of the city of Burgos. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-29 |title=Platos que no conoces de Burgos y que te van a hacer entrar en calor |url=https://www.hola.com/cocina/recetas/20250129810109/platos-burgos-poco-conocidos-para-entrar-en-calor/ |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=¡HOLA! |language=es}}</ref> The word {{lang|fr|pot}} in French has the same meaning as it does in English (and as {{lang|es|olla}} does in Spanish), while the word {{lang|fr|pourri}}, like Spanish {{lang|es|podrida}}, means "rotten".<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Putrid Origin of 'Potpourri'|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/the-putrid-origin-of-potpourri|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215144005/https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/the-putrid-origin-of-potpourri|archive-date=2016-12-15|access-date=2022-01-03|website=Merriam-Webster}}</ref> "Potpourri" is sometimes used as an alternative for "medley".<ref>[https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/potpourri#:~:text=noun,songs%20and%20sketches%20Current%20Biography Merriam-Webster Online dictionary]</ref>
== History == [[File:John Everett Millais - Pot pourri.jpg|thumb|left|''Pot Pourri'', a painting of two children making pot-pourri by John Everett Millais, 1856.]] Potpourri has been used in rooms since ancient times, in a variety of ways, including just scattering it on the floor. In early 17th-century France, fresh herbs and flowers were gathered—beginning in spring and continuing throughout the summer. The herbs were left for a day or two to become limp, then layered with coarse sea salt. The aging mixture was stirred occasionally as layers were added to it. Often the mixture would ferment or even mold as the summer went by. In fall, spices would be added to the unsightly grey mix until a pleasant fragrance was achieved. Then, scent-preserving fixatives (see below) were added. The finished potpourri was set out in special pots with perforated lids to perfume rooms. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pair of Pot-pourri Bowls (The J. Paul Getty Museum Collection) |url=https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/object/103SFS |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=The J. Paul Getty Museum Collection |language=en}}</ref>
Much modern potpourri consists of any decoratively shaped dried plant material (not necessarily from scented plants) with strong natural and synthetic perfumes (and often colored dyes) added, with the scent often bearing no relation to the plant material used. Sometimes, items that do not originate from plants are mixed in with the potpourri, to give it bulk and to make it more aesthetically pleasing. It is possible to spray scents onto potpourri; however, a fixative is needed so that the scent is absorbed for slow release. Generally, orris root is used for this purpose.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grant|first=Amy|title=Potpourri Garden Plants: Creating A Potpourri Herb Garden|url=https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/herbs/hgen/creating-potpourri-herb-garden.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319013214/https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/herbs/hgen/creating-potpourri-herb-garden.htm|archive-date=2018-03-19|access-date=2022-01-03|website=Gardening Know How|date=4 July 2014 }}</ref>
==Lifespan== Depending on the method of preservation, the lifespan of dried flowers varies. Flowers that are left to dry out in air typically last for around one year, while flowers that are preserved in substances such as silica gel or glycerin can last several years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Differences Between Dried Flowers and Preserved Flowers |url=https://thursd.com/articles/the-differences-between-dried-flowers-and-preserved-flowers |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=Thursd |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Containers== thumb|Potpourri vase In ceramics manufacturing, a potpourri vase is specifically designed for holding potpourri. In the traditional designs, a potpourri container is provided with a pierced fitted lid, through which the scent may slowly diffuse. The porcelain Sèvres pot-pourri vase in the shape of a ship is one of the most spectacular examples from the 1750s and 1760s; Madame de Pompadour owned three of the twelve examples made, ten of which survived.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sèvres porcelain factory - Pot-pourri vase and cover (pot-pourri à vaisseau or pot-pourri en navire) |url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/2360/pot-pourri-vase-and-cover-pot-pourri-agrave-vaisseau-or-pot-pourri-en-navire |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=www.rct.uk |language=en}}</ref>
==Plants used==
thumb|A dried rose. Dried flowers are a common component of potpourris. Many plant species are used in potpourri. A 2015 study from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew identified 455 species used in potpourri from over 100 families,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cook|first1=Frances E. M.|last2=Leon|first2=Christine J.|last3=Nesbitt|first3=Mark|date=December 2015|title=Potpourri as a Sustainable Plant Product: Identity, Origin, and Conservation Status1|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12231-015-9325-8|journal=Economic Botany|language=en|volume=69|issue=4|pages=330–344|doi=10.1007/s12231-015-9325-8|s2cid=7060233|issn=0013-0001|url-access=subscription}}</ref> including algae, fungi, and lichens. A few toxic ingredients have been found in fruits such as ''Strychnos nux-vomica'', the strychnine tree. Plant materials used in potpourri include:<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://www.rose.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Arthur-Tucker-Best-Plants-for-Homemade-Potpourri.pdf |title=Some of the Best Plants for Homemade Potpourri |first=Arthur O. |last=Tucker. |journal=The Illi-Ana |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=22-23 |date=March 2011 |access-date=2017-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910080609/http://www.rose.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Arthur-Tucker-Best-Plants-for-Homemade-Potpourri.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Allspice * Cedar wood shavings (toxic, a moth repellent) * Cinnamon bark and cassia bark, which smells like cinnamon, only less potent * Cloves * Cypress wood shavings (toxic, another moth repellent) * Fennel seed * Incense-cedar wood shavings * Jasmine flowers and oil * Jujube flowers and blooms * Juniper wood shavings (toxic, a moth repellent) * Lavender leaves and flowers * Lemon balm leaves and flowers * Lemon peel * Marjoram leaves and flowers * Mignonette leaves and flowers * Mint leaves and flowers * Mugwort (toxic, adds a musky note to the mix, another moth repellent) * Orange peel * Pelargonium leaves from the scented varieties * Pinyon pine shavings and cones * Rose flowers, hips, or oil * Rosemary leaves and flowers
==References== {{reflist}}
{{commons category}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Perfumery