Governance failure

A '''governance failure''' refers to any failures of governance or ineffectiveness of governance processes.<ref name=Newman>{{cite book|last1=Newman|first1=Joshua|title=Governing Public-Private Partnerships|date=2017|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP|isbn=9780773550018|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pc8mDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT39|accessdate=6 July 2017|language=en}}</ref>

== General == Jessop argues for conceiving governance as a provider of flexibility for decision-making structures opposed to rigid state bureaucracy or market laws. From this approach failures would equate to failures of the governance structure.<ref name=Newman/> According to him new constellations of governance may compensate for state failure.<ref name=Peters/>

Peters and Pierre state that it is the continuous task of government to adapt to growing complexity.<ref name=Peters>{{cite book|last1=Peters|first1=B. Guy|last2=Pierre|first2=Jon|title=Comparative Governance: Rediscovering the Functional Dimension of Governing|date=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781316738177|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFblDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12|accessdate=6 July 2017|language=en}}</ref>

Dixon and Dogan write that constructive governance discourses are creative opportunities for people with disparate governance perspectives to find solutions to threatening governance failure.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dixon|first1=John|last2=Dogan|first2=Rhys|title=Hierarchies, Networks and Markets: Responses to Societal Governance Failure|journal=Administrative Theory & Praxis|date=1 May 2002|volume=24|issue=1|pages=175–196|doi=10.1080/10841806.2002.11029344|s2cid=147158857|issn=1084-1806}}</ref>

== Policy failure == Governance failure may also refer to what can also be described as '''policy failures''' − the effectiveness, efficiency, and resilience of specific policies.<ref name=Newman/> A frequently mentioned example of a policy failure is the war on drugs.<ref>{{cite web |title=End the Drug War |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2012/03/20/end-the-drug-war/ |publisher=Foreign Policy |access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Friesendorf |first1=Cornelius |title=US Foreign Policy and the War on Drugs: Displacing the Cocaine and Heroin Industry |date=2007 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781134123940 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vxx9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA19 |access-date=12 July 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Peter |first1=Andreas |author-link=Peter Andreas |date=22 June 2003 |title=A Tale of Two Borders: The U.S.-Mexico and U.S.-Canada Lines After 9/11 |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6d09j0n2 |journal=Center for Comparative Immigration Studies |language=en |access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ronald Reagan's War on Drugs: A Policy Failure But a Political Success |date=11 October 2013 |url=https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/21802/Ronald%20Reagan's%20War%20on%20Drugs-A%20Policy%20Failure%20But%20a%20Political%20Success.pdf |access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bagley |first1=Bruce Michael |title=US Foreign Policy and the War on Drugs: Analysis of a Policy Failure |journal=Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs |date=1988 |volume=30 |issue=2/3 |pages=189–212 |doi=10.2307/165986 |jstor=165986}}</ref> Policy failure can be due to misuse of or inefficient investment in science.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vuong |first1=Quan-Hoang |date=2018 |title=The (ir)rational consideration of the cost of science in transition economies |journal=Nature Human Behaviour |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=5 |doi=10.1038/s41562-017-0281-4|pmid=30980055 |s2cid=46878093 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

== References == {{reflist|30em}}

Category:Governance Category:Failure