{{short description|Material made up of a single layer of lead atoms}} '''Plumbene''' is a material made up of a single layer of lead atoms.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Unexpected Giant-Gap Quantum Spin Hall Insulator in Chemically Decorated Plumbene Monolayer |last1=Wang |first1=Pei-ji |last2=Ping Li |date=2016-02-02 |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=6 |publisher=Nature |article-number=20152 |doi=10.1038/srep20152 |pmid=26833133 |pmc=4735859 |last3=Zhang |first3=Bao-min |last4=Yan |first4=Shi-shen |last5=Sheng-shi Li |last6=Zhang |first6=Run-wu |last7=Ji |first7=Wei-xiao |last8=Yan |first8=Shi-shen |last9=Zhang |first9=Chang-wen|bibcode=2016NatSR...620152Z }}</ref><ref name=dassarkar>{{Cite journal |title=Effect of sample size, temperature and strain velocity on mechanical properties of plumbene by tensile loading along longitudinal direction: A molecular dynamics study |last1=Das |first1=Dhiman Kumar |last2=Sarkar |first2=Jit |date=2018-08-01 |journal=Computational Materials Science |volume=151 |pages=196–203 |doi=10.1016/j.commatsci.2018.05.006 |last3=Singh |first3=S. K.|s2cid=139217230 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Zhang | first1=Liang | last2=Zhao | first2=Hui | last3=Ji | first3=Wei-xiao | last4=Zhang | first4=Chang-wen | last5=Li | first5=Ping | last6=Wang | first6=Pei-ji | title=Discovery of a new quantum spin Hall phase in bilayer plumbene | journal=Chemical Physics Letters | volume=712 | year=2018 | issn=0009-2614 | doi=10.1016/j.cplett.2018.09.016 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327911716| pages=78–82| bibcode=2018CPL...712...78Z | s2cid=105573942 }}</ref> The material is created in a process similar to that of graphene, silicene, germanene, and stanene, in which high vacuum and high temperature are used to deposit a layer of lead atoms on a substrate. High-quality thin films of plumbene have revealed two-dimensional honeycomb structures. First researched by Indian scientists{{Dubious|date=February 2026|reason=Page claims first research by Indian scientists, but age of papers cited an article seems to indicate first research by East Asian scientists.}}, further investigations are being done around the world.
==Preparation and structure== In April 2019, J. Yuhara and others reported the deposition of a single atom thickness by molecular beam epitaxy with a segregation method upon a palladium surface in a crystal lattice with Miller indices (111). The structure was confirmed with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) revealing a nearly flat honeycomb structure.<ref>{{ Cite journal | first1=J. | last1=Yuhara | first2=B. | last2=He | first3 = G. | last3 = Le Lay | title= Graphene's Latest Cousin: Plumbene Epitaxial Growth on a "Nano WaterCube" | journal= Advanced Materials |article-number = 1901017|year=2019 | doi=10.1002/adma.201901017 |pmid = 31074927 | volume=31| issue=27 | bibcode=2019AdM....3101017Y | s2cid=149446617 }}</ref> There is no evidence of any three-dimensional islands, but one notices a unique nanostructured tessellation all over the terraces looking like a space-filling polyhedral foam reduced to dimension 2.
==Properties== Plumbene's electronic and optical properties have been determined from ''ab initio'' calculations, indicating a band gap of 0.4 eV.<ref>{{citation| first1= X.-L. | last1= Yu | first2=L. | last2= Huang | first3 = J. | last3 = Wu | title= From a normal insulator to a topological insulator in plumbene | journal= Physical Review B | volume= 95 | issue= 12 | article-number= 125113 |year=2017 | doi= 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.125113 | bibcode= 2017PhRvB..95l5113Y | arxiv= 1702.07447 | s2cid= 119076198 }}</ref><ref name=dassarkar/>
== References == <!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --> {{reflist}}
Category:Lead Category:Two-dimensional nanomaterials