{{chembox | Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 464208782 | Name = Plumbane | ImageFile = Plumban.svg | ImageName = Skeletal formula of plumbane | ImageFile1 = Plumbane-3D-vdW.png | ImageSize = 120 | ImageSize1 = 100 | ImageName1 = Spacefill model of plumbane | ImageCaption1 = {{legend|grey|Lead, Pb}}{{legend|white|Hydrogen, H}} | IUPACName = Plumbane | OtherNames = lead tetrahydride, tetrahydridolead, lead(IV) hydride, hydrogen plumbide | SystematicName = | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 109888 | PubChem = 123278 | InChI = 1/Pb.4H/rH4Pb/h1H4 | InChIKey = XRCKXJLUPOKIPF-BJORFFIVAF | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEBI = 30181 | SMILES = [Pb] | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/Pb.4H | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = XRCKXJLUPOKIPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}} | CASNo = 15875-18-0 }} | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | Formula = PbH<sub>4</sub> | MolarMass = 211.23 g/mol | Appearance = Colorless gas | BoilingPtC = −13 | BoilingPt_notes = }} | Section3 = {{Chembox Structure | MolShape = Tetrahedral at the Pb atom }} | Section4 = {{Chembox Related | OtherFunction_label = tetrahydride compounds | OtherFunction = {{ubl|Methane|Silane|Germane|Stannane}} }} | Section5 = | Section6 = }} '''Plumbane''' is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula PbH{{sub|4}}. It is a colorless gas. It is a metal hydride and group 14 hydride composed of lead and hydrogen.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Porritt | first1 = C. J. | year = 1975 | journal = Chem. Ind-London | volume = 9 | page = 398 }}</ref> Plumbane is not well characterized or well known, and it is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the loss of a hydrogen atom.<ref name="Hein">{{cite journal | doi = 10.1021/j100119a021 | pages= 4381–4385 | title = Ab initio study of the stability and vibrational spectra of plumbane, methylplumbane, and homologous compounds | year = 1993 | last1 = Hein | first1 = Thomas A. | last2 = Thiel | first2 = Walter | last3 = Lee | first3 = Timothy J. | journal = The Journal of Physical Chemistry | volume = 97 | issue = 17| hdl= 11858/00-001M-0000-0028-1862-2 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> Derivatives of plumbane include lead tetrachloride, PbCl{{sub|4}}, and tetraethyllead, (CH{{sub|3}}CH{{sub|2}}){{sub|4}}Pb.
==History== Until recently, it was uncertain whether plumbane had ever actually been synthesized,<ref>Cotton, F. A.; Wilkinson, G.; Murillo, C. A.; Bochman, M. ''Advanced Inorganic Chemistry.'' Wiley: New York, 1999</ref> although the first reports date back to the 1920s<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1002/cber.19200530915 | pages = 1693–1710 | title = Über Bleiwasserstoff | year = 1920 | last1 = Paneth | first1 = Fritz | last2 = Nörring | first2 = Otto | journal = Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series) | volume = 53 | issue = 9| url = https://zenodo.org/record/1426681 }}</ref> and in 1963, Saalfeld and Svec reported the observation of {{chem|PbH|4|+}} by mass spectrometry.<ref name="Saalfeld">{{cite journal | doi = 10.1021/ic50005a014| pages= 46–50 | title = The Mass Spectra of Volatile Hydrides. I. The Monoelemental Hydrides of the Group IVB and VB Elements | year = 1963 | last1 = Saalfeld | first1 = Fred E. | last2 = Svec | first2 = Harry J. | journal = Inorganic Chemistry | volume = 2}}</ref> Plumbane has repeatedly been the subject of Dirac–Hartree–Fock relativistic calculation studies, which investigate the stabilities, geometries, and relative energies of hydrides of the formula MH{{sub|4}} or MH{{sub|2}}.<ref name="Hein"/><ref>{{cite journal | doi =10.1016/0009-2614(74)85085-2| pages= 534–539 | title =Relativistic and non-relativistic Hartree-Fock one-centre expansion calculations for the series CH{{sub|4}} to PbH{{sub|4}} within the spherical approximation | year =1974 | last1 =Desclaux | first1 =J. P. | last2 =Pyykko | first2 =P. | journal =Chemical Physics Letters | volume =29 | issue =4| bibcode= 1974CPL....29..534D }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | pages= 336–337 | doi =10.1038/266336a0 | title= Dirac–Fock one-centre calculations show (114)H{{sub|4}} to resemble PbH{{sub|4}} | year= 1977 | last1= Pyykkö | first1= P. | last2= Desclaux | first2= J. P. | journal= Nature | volume= 266 | issue= 5600| bibcode =1977Natur.266..336P | s2cid =4183019 }}</ref>
==Properties== Plumbane is an unstable colorless gas and is the heaviest group IV hydride;<ref>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics [http://www.hbcpnetbase.com/ Online Edition.]</ref> and has a tetrahedral (T{{sub|d}}) structure with an equilibrium distance between lead and hydrogen of 1.73 Å.<ref>{{cite journal | doi =10.1007/BF01134864 | pages=405–416 | title =Relativistic all-electron molecular Hartree-Fock-Dirac-(Breit) calculations on CH{{sub|4}}, SiH{{sub|4}}, GeH{{sub|4}}, SnH{{sub|4}}, PbH{{sub|4}} | year =1992 | last1 =Visser | first1 =O. | last2 =Visscher | first2 =L. | last3 =Aerts | first3 =P. J. C. | last4 =Nieuwpoort | first4 =W. C. | journal =Theoretica Chimica Acta | volume =81 | issue =6| s2cid=97874625 }}</ref> By weight, plumbane is 1.91% hydrogen and 98.09% lead. In plumbane, the formal oxidation states of hydrogen and lead are +1 and −4, respectively, because the electronegativity of lead(IV) is higher than that of hydrogen. The stability of hydrides MH{{sub|4}} (M = C–Pb) decreases as the atomic number of M increases.
==Preparation== Early studies of PbH{{sub|4}} revealed that the molecule is unstable as compared to its lighter congeners silane, germane, and stannane.<ref>{{cite journal | doi =10.1002/qua.20142 | pages=940–949 | title =Relativistic and electron correlation effects for molecules of heavy elements: Ab initio fully relativistic coupled-cluster calculations for PbH{{sub|4}} | year =2004 | last1 =Malli | first1 =Gulzari L. | last2 =Siegert | first2 =Martin | last3 =Turner | first3 =David P. | journal =International Journal of Quantum Chemistry | volume =99 | issue =6}}</ref> It cannot be made by methods used to synthesize GeH{{sub|4}} or SnH{{sub|4}}.
In 1999, plumbane was synthesized from lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO{{sub|3}}){{sub|2}}, and sodium borohydride, NaBH{{sub|4}}.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Krivtsun | first1 = V. M. | last2 = Kuritsyn | first2 = Y. A. | last3 = Snegirev | first3 = E. P. | year = 1999 | title = Observation of IR absorption spectra of the unstable PbH{{sub|4}} molecule | url = http://www.isan.troitsk.ru/dms/tdl/publ/1999os_en.pdf | journal = Opt. Spectrosc. | volume = 86 | issue = 5 | pages = 686–691 | bibcode = 1999OptSp..86..686K | access-date = 2012-12-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112423/http://www.isan.troitsk.ru/dms/tdl/publ/1999os_en.pdf | archive-date = 2016-03-04 | url-status = dead }}</ref> A non-nascent mechanism for plumbane synthesis was reported in 2005.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid =16395924 | year =2005 | last1 =Zou | first1 =Y | last2 =Jin | first2 =FX | last3 =Chen | first3 =ZJ | last4 =Qiu | first4 =DR | last5 =Yang | first5 =PY | title =Non-nascent hydrogen mechanism of plumbane generation | volume =25 | issue =10 | pages =1720–3 | journal =Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu}}</ref>
In 2003, Wang and Andrews carefully studied the preparation of PbH{{sub|4}} by laser ablation and additionally identified the infrared (IR) bands.<ref>{{cite journal | doi =10.1021/ja029862l | pages=6581–6587 | title =Infrared Spectra of Group 14 Hydrides in Solid Hydrogen: Experimental Observation of PbH{{sub|4}}, Pb{{sub|2}}H{{sub|2}}, and Pb{{sub|2}}H{{sub|4}} | year =2003 | last1 =Wang | first1 =Xuefeng | last2 =Andrews | first2 =Lester | journal =Journal of the American Chemical Society | volume =125 | issue =21 | pmid =12785799}}</ref>
==Congeners== Congeners of plumbane include: * Methane, CH{{sub|4}} * Silane, SiH{{sub|4}} * Germane, GeH{{sub|4}} * Stannane, SnH{{sub|4}}
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Lead compounds}} {{Hydrides by group}}
Category:Metal hydrides Category:Lead compounds