Piastre

thumb|alt= 10 Egyptian piastres (copper-nickel alloy composition and silver color); coin's obverse depicts Muhammad Ali Mosque from a flat perspective, coin reverse contains a Kufic font inscription of “Jumhuriyat Masr Al-Arabia”, translating to the Arab Republic of Egypt, below which the denomination of 10 piastres is written as number hovering over the word “qurush”, translating to piastres, which bends with the curvature of the coins edge, which is surrounded by the Gregorian (1984) and Hijra (1404) dates. | Image of 10 Egyptian piastres (currently valueless, thus absent from circulation) [[Image:French Indochina 100 Piastres.png|thumb|A 100-piastre note from French Indochina, circa 1954]] thumb|French Indochina piastre, 1885

The '''piastre''' or '''piaster''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|pron|p|i|ˈ|æ|s|t|ər}}) is any of a number of units of currency. The term originates from the Italian for "thin metal plate". The name was applied to Spanish and Hispanic American pieces of eight, or pesos, by Venetian traders in the Levant in the 16th century. [[File:50kr obverse.png|thumb|İmage of 50 Turkish piastres (Turkish:50 kuruş). Istanbul map and 15 Temmuz Şehitler Köprüsü in the background.]] These pesos, minted continually for centuries, were readily accepted by traders in many parts of the world. After the countries of Latin America had gained independence, pesos of Mexico began flowing in through the trade routes, and became prolific in the Far East, taking the place of the Spanish pieces of eight which had been introduced by the Spanish at Manila, and by the Portuguese at Malacca. When the French colonised Indochina, they began issuing the new French Indochinese piastre (''piastre de commerce''), which was equal in value to the familiar Spanish and Mexican pesos.

In the Ottoman Empire, the word ''piastre'' was a colloquial European name of Kuruş. Successive currency reforms by debasing the Ottoman currency had reduced the value of the Ottoman piastre by the late 19th century so as to be worth about two pence (2d) sterling. Hence the name ''piastre'' referred to two distinct kinds of coins in two distinct parts of the world, both of which had descended from the Spanish pieces of eight.

Because of the debased values of the piastres in the Middle East, these piastres became subsidiary units for the Turkish, Lebanese, Cypriot, and Egyptian pounds.<ref name="Egyptian Self-Taught">{{cite book |last1=Thimm |first1=Carl Albert |title=Egyptian Self-Taught |chapter=Egyptian Money |chapter-url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Egyptian_Self-Taught/Egyptian_Money |publisher=William Brown & Co., Ltd., St. Mary Axe, London, E.C.}}</ref> Meanwhile, in Indochina, the piastre continued into the 1950s and was subsequently renamed the riel, the kip, and the dong in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam respectively.

==As a main unit== * French Indochinese piastre * South Vietnamese piastre (đồng)

==As a sub-unit== * {{frac|100}} of the Egyptian pound thumb | alt= Banknote bearing value of 50 piastres with image of statue of Ramses II | 50 Egyptian Piasters * {{frac|100}} of the Jordanian dinar * {{frac|100}} of the Lebanese pound * {{frac|100}} of the South Sudanese pound (spelled "piaster") * {{frac|100}} of the Sudanese pound * {{frac|100}} of the Syrian pound

===Obsolete currencies=== * {{frac|180}} of the Cypriot pound * {{frac|100}} of the Libyan pound * {{frac|100}} of the Turkish lira

==Other usage==

thumb|A banknote of five dollars/{{lang|fr|cinq piastres}} from Lower Canada, 1839

Early private bank currency issues in French-speaking regions of Canada were denominated in piastres, and the term continued in official use for some time as a term for the Canadian dollar. For example, the original French version of the 1867 Constitution of Canada refers to a requirement that senators hold property {{lang|fr|d'une valeur de quatre mille piastres}}.

The term is still unofficially used in Quebec, Acadian, Franco-Manitoban, and Franco-Ontarian language as a reference to the Canadian dollar, much as English speakers say "bucks." (The official French term for the modern Canadian dollar is {{lang|fr|dollar}}.) When used colloquially in this way, the term is often pronounced and spelled {{lang|fr|piasse}} (pl. {{lang|fr|piasses}}). It was equivalent to 6 New France livres or 120 {{lang|fr|sous}}, a quarter of which was "{{lang|fr|30 sous}}", which is also still in slang for a 25-cent coin.

{{lang|fr|Piastre}} was also the original French word for the United States dollar, used for example in the French text of the Louisiana Purchase. Calling the US dollar a ''piastre'' is still common among speakers of Cajun and New England French, though in standard French {{lang|fr|dollar}} is used for the currency. The term is also used as slang for a US dollar in the French-speaking Caribbean islands, most notably Haiti.

''Piastre'' is another name for kuruş, {{frac|100}} of the Turkish lira.

The ''piastre'' is still used in Mauritius when bidding in auction sales, similarly to the way that guineas are used at British racehorse auctions. It is equivalent to 2 Mauritian rupees.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xNsAztWstCMC&q=%22two+rupees%22+piastre+auction&pg=PA19|title=Brown-Sequard: An Improbable Genius Who Transformed Medicine|first=Michael J. Aminoff|last=MD|date=24 November 2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-978064-8|via=Google Books}}</ref>

==See also== {{Portal|Money|Numismatics}} * Piastra * Decaen piastre

==References== {{commons category|Money of French Indochina}} {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== {{cite book | title=A manual of gold and silver coins of all nations, struck within the past century. Showing their history, and legal basis, and their actual weight, fineness, and value chiefly from original and recent assays. With which are incorporated treatises on bullion and plate, counterfeit coins, specific gravity of precious metals, etc., with recent statistics of the production and coinage of gold and silver in the world, and sundry useful tables | first1=Jacob Reese | last1=Eckfeldt | first2=William Ewing | last2=Du Bois | first3=Joseph | last3=Saxton | publisher=Assay Office of the Mint | year=1842 | page=132 }}

Category:Currencies of Africa Category:Currencies of Asia Piastre Category:Modern obsolete currencies Category:Denominations (currency)