Patty

{{short description|Serving of chopped ingredients formed into a disc}} {{About|ground or chopped ingredients formed into a disc|ingredients encased in pastry or puff pastry|Turnover (food)||Patty (disambiguation)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} {{Infobox food | name = Patty | image = Hamburger patty.jpg | caption = A ground beef hamburger patty | image_size = 250px | alternate_name = Burger | course = | type = Main dish, Sandwich | served = Hot or Warm | main_ingredient = Ground meat, meat alternatives, vegetables, grains, and/or legumes | variations = | calories = | other = }}

A '''patty''' is a flattened, usually round, serving of ground meat or legumes, grains, vegetables, or meat alternatives. Common ground meat used include beef, chicken,<ref name="Chicken Burger">{{cite journal |last1=Mikhail |first1=W.Z.A. |last2=Sobhy |first2=H.M. |last3=Khallaf |first3=M.F. |last4=Ali |first4=Hala M.Z. |last5=El-askalany |first5=Samia A. |last6=Ezz El-Din |first6=Manal M. |title=Suggested treatments for processing high nutritive value chicken burger |journal=Annals of Agricultural Sciences |date=June 2014 |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=41–45 |doi=10.1016/j.aoas.2014.06.006 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last7=Babiker |last6=Mohamed Ahmed |last5=Islam Sarker |last4=Gahfoor |last3=Alsawmahi |last2=Adiamo |last1=Al-Juhaimi |title=Effect of pistachio seed hull extracts on quality attributes of chicken burger |journal=CyTA - Journal of Food |date=2 January 2017 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=9–14 |doi=10.1080/19476337.2016.1193057 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Merhar, Zauberman |first1=Erin, Kara |title=Homemade Chicken Burgers |url=https://www.thepioneerwoman.com/food-cooking/recipes/a35823574/chicken-burgers-recipe/ |website=www.thepioneerwoman.com/ |date=10 January 2024 |publisher=HEARST |access-date=30 August 2025}}</ref> and salmon. Patties are found in multiple cuisines throughout the world.

The ingredients are compacted and shaped, usually cooked, and served in various ways.

== Etymology == The term originated in the 17th century as an English alteration of the French word pâté, originally meaning a pastry with a meat filling, and later the filling itself.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Patty |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/patty_n?tab=etymology |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=24 September 2020 |website=Oxford English Dictionary |language=en}}</ref>

== Terminology == The term "patty" is used in many varieties of English, but less frequently in Britain and Ireland than in the United States.<ref>Google ngrams comparison of the phrase "hamburger patty/ies" in US and UK English. [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=(hamburger+patty_NOUN%2Bhamburger+patties_NOUN)%3Aeng_gb_2012%2C(hamburger+patty_NOUN%2Bhamburger+patties_NOUN)%3Aeng_us_2012&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=18&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2C%28%28hamburger%20patty_NOUN%20%2B%20hamburger%20patties_NOUN%29%3Aeng_gb_2012%29%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%28%28hamburger%20patty_NOUN%20%2B%20hamburger%20patties_NOUN%29%3Aeng_us_2012%29%3B%2Cc0]</ref> Merriam-Webster defines it as "a small flat cake of chopped food",<ref>{{Cite web|title=Definition of PATTY|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/patty|access-date=24 September 2020|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}</ref> Cambridge as "pieces of food, especially meat, formed into a thin, circular shape and then usually cooked".<ref>{{Cite web|title=PATTY {{!}} definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/patty|access-date=24 September 2020|website=dictionary.cambridge.org|language=en-US}}</ref> In some countries, patties may be called "discs."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Malkin|first=Elisabeth|date=6 April 2019|title='Veggie Discs' Could Replace Burgers Under European Food Labeling Proposal|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/06/world/europe/veggie-discs.html|access-date=24 September 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Similar-shaped cakes not made from ground beef may also be called "burgers": "fish burgers" may be made from reshaped mechanically separated meat.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Costa |first1=Denise Pinheiro Soncini da |last2=Gonçalves |first2=Tania Maria Vinturin |last3=Conti-Silva |first3=Ana Carolina |title=Potentiality of Using Mechanically Separated Meats of Nile Tilapia in Fishburgers: Chemical, Physical and Sensory Characterization |journal=Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology |date=2019 |volume=62 |article-number=e19180436 |doi=10.1590/1678-4324-2019180436 |hdl=11449/200142 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Patties made from chicken meat may be called chicken patties.{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}}

Veggie burger patties are made without meat and instead use legumes, grains, other mixed vegetables, and/or soy products such as tofu or tempeh or seitan, a product made of wheat gluten, often mixed with a binding agent.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's Inside Your Veggie Burger? |url=http://www.care2.com/greenliving/whats-inside-your-veggie-burger.html |access-date=8 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223153739/http://www.care2.com/greenliving/whats-inside-your-veggie-burger.html |archive-date=23 December 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=10 June 2016|title=A Breakdown of What's Inside Your Veggie Burger|url=https://spoonuniversity.com/lifestyle/breakdown-whats-inside-veggie-burger|access-date=24 September 2020|website=Spoon University|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=8 July 2011|title=How It's Made: Veggie Burgers|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AqwfbUbKw1I |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007181443/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AqwfbUbKw1I |archive-date=2013-10-07 |url-status=dead|access-date=24 September 2020|website=Science Channel}}</ref>

== Variations and serving styles == === Croquettes === alt=ground meat patty|thumb|Korokke

Patties can be breaded and deep-fried, producing croquettes such as crab cakes.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 July 2012|title=Bitter Strikes Brought Deviled Crabs {{!}} Cigar City Magazine|url=http://www.cigarcitymagazine.com/food/item/bitter-strikes-brought-deviled-crabs|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722074331/http://www.cigarcitymagazine.com/food/item/bitter-strikes-brought-deviled-crabs|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-07-22|access-date=24 September 2020|website=archive.vn}}</ref> In Ireland, traditional chippers often serve '''batter burgers''' (a beef-based patty dipped in batter and deep fried). A batter burger served as a sandwich is called a '''wurly burger''', and is believed to have been invented by the Mona Lisa chipper in Crumlin, Dublin.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mullally|first=Una|date=23 May 2011|title=On the batter for National Fish and Chips Day|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/on-the-batter-for-national-fish-and-chips-day-1.579442|access-date=2020-09-25|newspaper=The Irish Times|language=en}}</ref> In Japan the korokke is an example.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Korokke no Rekishi (The history of Korokke)|url=http://www.croquette.jp/whats/history}}</ref> Rissoles are meat (typically beef), or fish and other ingredients, coated in breadcrumbs or less frequently battered, and deep-fried; they are found in various European cuisines.<ref name="foodsofengland">[https://www.foodsofengland.info/rissoles.html Rissoles] [https://www.foodsofengland.info FoodsOfEngland.info]. Accessed April 2025.</ref>

=== Cutlets === alt=ground meat patty, cooked|thumb|Salisbury steak Patties can be treated as a cutlet and eaten with a knife and fork in dishes like Salisbury steak, the German Hamburg steak, or the Serbo-Croatian pljeskavica, or with chopsticks in dishes such as Songjeong ''tteok-galbi''.<ref name="KFF">{{Cite web|title=Tteok-galbi|script-title=ko:떡갈비|url=http://www.hansik.org/kr/board.do?cmd=view&bbs_id=202&menu=PKR3020000&lang=kr&art_id=37513|access-date=2 August 2017|website=Korean Food Foundation|language=ko|archive-date=2 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802165721/http://www.hansik.org/kr/board.do?cmd=view&bbs_id=202&menu=PKR3020000&lang=kr&art_id=37513|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Bartholomeusz">{{Cite news|last1=Bartholomeusz|first1=Rachel|date=5 May 2016|title=Is there a wrong way to use chopsticks?|work=SBS|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/food/article/2016/04/28/there-wrong-way-use-chopsticks|access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref> Other examples include the Russian Pozharsky cutlet.<ref name="Syutkin">Павел Сюткин, Ольга Сюткина. ''Непридуманная история русской кухни''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=fcLhIkoXc10C&pg=PP209 Котлетная история]. Moscow: Астрель, 2015 (in Russian). {{ISBN|978-5-45717-598-3}}.</ref><ref name="Lopatina">Н. А. Лопатина. История пожарских котлет. Тверь: ТО "Книжный клуб", 2014 (in Russian). {{ISBN|978-5-903830-44-2}}</ref>

=== Fritters === Aloo tikki is a potato patty that originated in the Indian subcontinent.<ref>{{Cite web|title=At Houses Of Worship, Women Serve Food For A Higher Purpose|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/08/27/343682636/at-houses-of-worship-women-serve-food-for-a-higher-purpose|access-date=24 September 2020|website=NPR|date=27 August 2014 |language=en}}</ref> A related dish is ragda pattice, which covers the potato patty in a gravy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ragda Patties: The Crispy Potato Patty and Chickpea Curry Combination That Will Set Your Heart Racing|url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/ragda-patties-the-crispy-potato-patty-and-chickpea-curry-combination-that-will-set-your-heart-racing-1772733|access-date=24 September 2020|website=NDTV Food}}</ref>

An arepa is a dish of maize and other ingredients shaped into a patty and griddled; it has been eaten in parts of Central and South American since pre-Columbian times.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|title=Arepas Are Conquering The World — But Dying At Home In Venezuela|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/07/26/538515889/arepas-are-conquering-the-world-but-dying-at-home-in-venezuela.|access-date=24 October 2017}}</ref>

=== Quenelles === Gefilte fish is often served as a quenelle, a patty shaped into a flattened egg.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Marks|first=Gil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC&q=gefilte+fish+quenelle|title=Encyclopedia of Jewish Food|date=17 November 2010|publisher=HMH|isbn=978-0-544-18631-6|language=en}}</ref>

=== Sandwich fillings === alt=Ground beef patty between two disks made of compressed rice|thumb|Rice burger Patties are often served as sandwiches, typically in buns, making a type of sandwich called a "burger", or a hamburger if the patty is made from ground beef, or sometimes between slices of bread.{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}} An American patty melt is a ground beef patty topped with melted cheese (typically Swiss) served on toasted bread, typically rye.<ref name="BC">{{cite web|last=Ellis-Christensen|first=Tricia|date=<!--undated-->|title=What is a Patty Melt?|url=http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-patty-melt.htm|access-date=17 June 2014|website=Wisegeek}}</ref>

In Ireland, traditional chippers often serve sandwiches called spice burgers.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2009/0825/spiceburger.html |title=Legal row over spice burger 'secret recipe' |date=25 August 2009|publisher=RTÉ|access-date=29 September 2009}}</ref>

In Japan and Korea, a ground beef patty is sometimes served as a sandwich on a "bun" made of compressed rice; the sandwich is called a rice burger.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Walker|first=Harlan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uYqTiD7SbcQC&q=%22Rice+burger%22&pg=PA68|title=Food on the Move: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery, 1996|date=1997|publisher=Oxford Symposium|isbn=978-0-907325-79-6|language=en}}</ref>

=== Tartares === alt=Raw beef shaped into a disk and garnished with a quail egg|thumb|Steak tartare Some patties, like steak tartare and Middle Eastern kibbeh nayeh, are served raw.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Murrey, Thomas Jefferson|title=Cookery for Invalids|publisher=White Stokes & Allen|year=1887|edition=1st|location=New York City|pages=30–33|chapter=Eating Before Sleeping|access-date=24 December 2013|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YjgFAAAAYAAJ&dq=Hamburg+steak&pg=PA1|chapter-format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Marks|first=Gil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC&pg=PT954|title=Encyclopedia of Jewish Food|date=17 November 2010|publisher=HMH|isbn=978-0-544-18631-6|language=en}}</ref>

==Commercial production== thumb|left|Pre-formed hamburger patties

Commercially produced patties are machine-formed.<ref name=":0" />

With mass-produced patties, it is not uncommon to find them with seemingly abnormal shapes or a bumpy perimeter. These groove-like bumps are caused by the machine that forms the patties. They are used in production to keep the patties in line, so they will not fall off the assembly line, and can be manipulated by the various machines. In other boxed patties, small punctures can be seen in the top and bottom sides of the patty. These punctures are there for similar reasons.{{Citation needed|date=September 2020}} {{clear}}

==See also== {{portal|Food}} {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *Kofta, a related dish that is formed into patties or balls * Chapli kebab * List of hamburgers * Meatball, a similar dish but rounded rather than flattened {{div col end}}

==References== {{reflist}}

{{burgers}} {{meat}}

Category:World cuisine Category:Ground meat