{{Short description|Clade of birds}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Feldsperling .jpg | image_caption = Eurasian tree sparrow (''Passer montanus'') | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Passerida | authority = | subdivision_ranks = Superfamilies | subdivision = See text }}
'''Passerida''' are one of four parvorders contained within the infraorder Passerides.
== Characteristics == Passerida are omnivorous birds found in East Africa and the Palearctic realm.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Passeridae (Old World sparrows) |url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Passeridae/ |access-date=2025-09-03 |website=Animal Diversity Web |language=en}}</ref> They live in open areas with minimal trees such as Saharas and forest clearings. They are stocky birds between {{Convert|12|cm|in|abbr=in}} and {{Convert|18|cm|in|abbr=in}}. The head and neck are a blackish-gray, and they have a very short beak.<ref name=":0" />
==Systematics and phylogeny== Mostly smallish herbivores, near-global distribution centered on Palearctic and Americas. Often pronounced sexual dimorphism with males among the most colorful birds alive. Songs tend to be fairly simple warbling and chirping, with many species relying as much or more on visual mating displays. Includes the nine-primaried oscines (probably a subclade). The basal radiation is mostly found in the Old World, with only Motacillidae naturally occurring in the Americas and Estrildidae in Australia.
Passerida contains the following families:<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Oliveros | first1=C.H. | display-authors=etal | year=2019 | title=Earth history and the passerine superradiation | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States | volume=116 | issue=16 | pages=7916–7925 | doi=10.1073/pnas.1813206116 | pmid=30936315 | pmc=6475423 | doi-access=free | bibcode=2019PNAS..116.7916O }}</ref> * Modulatricidae: robin-babblers * Promeropidae: sugarbirds * Nectariniidae: sunbirds * Dicaeidae: flowerpeckers * Chloropseidae: leafbirds * Irenidae: fairy bluebirds * Passeridae: true sparrows * Prunellidae: accentors * Urocynchramidae: Przewalski's finch. Recently split from Fringillidae; tentatively placed here. * Ploceoidea ** Estrildidae: estrildid finches (waxbills, munias, etc.) ** Ploceidae: weavers. Certain members of Ploceidae, such as the long-tailed widowbird are well known for their elaborate sexual ornaments. ** Viduidae: indigobirds and whydahs * Motacillidae: wagtails and pipits * Peucedramidae: olive warbler * Fringillidae: true finches. Includes the Hawaiian honeycreepers *Emberizoidea: New World nine-primaried oscine radiation<ref name=Barker-2013>{{cite journal |last1=Barker |first1=F. K. |first2=K. J. |last2=Burns |first3=J. |last3=Klicka |first4=S. M. |last4=Lanyon |first5=I. J. |last5=Lovette |year=2013 |title=Going to extremes: Contrasting rates of diversification in a recent radiation of New World passerine birds. |journal=Systematic Biology |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=298–320 |doi=10.1093/sysbio/sys094 |pmid=23229025 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Barker-2015>{{cite journal |last1=Barker |first1=F. K. |first2=K. J. |last2=Burns |first3=J. |last3=Klicka |first4=S. M. |last4=Lanyon |first5=I. J. |last5=Lovette |year=2015 |title=New insights into New World biogeography: An integrated view from the phylogeny of blackbirds, cardinals, sparrows, tanagers, warblers, and allies |journal=The Auk |volume=132 |issue=2 |pages=333–348 |doi=10.1642/AUK-14-110.1|s2cid=53058340 }}</ref><ref name="Birds Alive">{{cite web |title=Passeriformes |editor1=del Hoyo, J. |editor2=Elliott, A. |editor3=Sargatal, J. |editor4=Christie, D.A. |editor5=de Juana, E. |year=2019 |website=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive |publisher=Lynx Edicions, Barcelona |access-date=5 January 2019 |url=https://www.hbw.com/order/passeriformes }}</ref> ** Icteridae: grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles ** Parulidae: New World warblers ** Icteriidae: yellow-breasted chat ** Phaenicophilidae: Hispaniolan tanagers ** Zeledoniidae: wrenthrush ** Teretistridae: Cuban warblers ** Thraupidae: tanagers and allies ** Mitrospingidae: mitrospingid tanagers and allies ** Rhodinocichlidae: rosy thrush tanager ** Calyptophilidae: chat-tanagers ** Nesospingidae: Puerto Rican tanager ** Spindalidae: spindalises ** Cardinalidae: cardinal-grosbeaks ** Emberizidae: buntings ** Passerellidae: American sparrows ** Calcariidae: snow buntings and longspurs
==See also== * List of birds
==References== {{Commons category}} {{Wikispecies}} {{Reflist}} * {{cite journal | last1 = Jønsson | first1 = Knud A. | last2 = Fjeldså | first2 = Jon | year = 2006 | title = A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri) | journal = Zool. Scripta | volume = 35 | issue = 2| pages = 149–186 | doi = 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00221.x | s2cid = 85317440 }} * Harshman, John (2008). [http://tolweb.org/Passerida/29223/2008.06.23 Passerida. Version 23 June 2008 (under construction).] in The Tree of Life Web Project. Retrieved 24 January 2011. * Sibley, Charles Gald & Ahlquist, Jon Edward (1990): ''Phylogeny and classification of birds''. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn. {{Passerida}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q764420}}
Category:Passerida Category:Parvorders