{{Short description|Protective scriptures in Buddhism}} {{Infobox Buddhist term | title = Paritta | en = protection, safeguard | pi = paritta | sa = paritrana | my = ပရိတ်<br>(Parit) | my-Latn =pəjeiʔ | zh = | zh-Latn = | ja = | ja-Latn = | km = បរិត្ត | km-Latn = Paret | ko = | ko-Latn = | lo = | mnw = | mnw-Latn = | shn = | shn-Latn = | si = පිරිත් | si-Latn = pirit | ta = | th = ปริตร<br>{{RTGS|parit}} | bo = | bo-Latn = | vi = | id =perlindungan }} {{TheravadaBuddhism|Literature}} {{buddhism}} {{LayBuddhistPractices}} '''Paritta''' (Pali), generally translated as "protection" or "safeguard,"<ref>Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 426, entry for "Paritta<sup>2</sup>" (retrieved 08-14-2008 from "U. Chicago" at [https://archive.today/20120710211212/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.2:1:1923.pali]) provides the following translations: "protection, safeguard; (protective) charm, palliative, amulet." Also see Piyadassi (1999a) who translates ''paritta'' as "protection," and Anandajoti (2004) who translates it as "safeguard."</ref> refers to the specific Buddhist verses and discourses recited in order to ward off misfortune or danger, as well as to the practice of reciting the verses and discourses. The practice of reciting or listening to the paritta suttas began very early in the history of Buddhism.<ref name="piyadassi_paritta">[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/piyadassi/protection.html Piyadassi (1999a).]</ref>
==History and Uses==
===Early References=== In the Pali literature, these short verses are recommended by the Buddha as providing protection from certain afflictions. The belief in the effective power to heal, or protect, of the ''sacca-kiriya'', or asseveration of something quite true, is an aspect of the work ascribed to the ''paritta''.<ref>C.A.F. Rhys Davids, ''Dialogues of the Buddha'', part 3, p. 186.</ref> The ''Mahavamsa'' contains the earliest historical reference to this practice, describing how Upatissa I of Anuradhapura instructed monks to recite the Ratana Sutta through the night during a period when Sri Lanka was afflicted by plague and disease.<ref name=PLC>{{cite book| last = Malalasekera| first = G.P.| author-link = Gunapala Piyasena Malalasekera| title = The Pali Literature of Ceylon| publisher = Buddhist Publication Society of Sri Lanka| edition = 1998| date = 1928| location = Colombo| pages = 75–6| language = English| isbn = 9552401887}}</ref>
===Ritual and Protective Functions=== It is widely believed that all-night recitations of paritta by monks bring safety, peace and well-being to a community. Such recitations also occur on auspicious occasions, such as the inauguration of a new temple or home, or to provide blessings upon those who hear. Conversely, paritta discourses are recited on inauspicious occasions as well, such as at a funeral or on the death anniversary of a loved one. They may also be recited to placate antagonistic spirits.<ref name="anandajoti_page_v">Anandajoti (2004), p. v.</ref><ref>The use of paritta to ward off menacing spirits can be found, for instance, in the Pali commentaries to both the Ratana Sutta and the Karaniya Metta Sutta.</ref>
===Sri Lankan Pirit Tradition=== In Sri Lanka, monks highly skilled in Pirit chanting are referred to as ''Parittabhāṇakas''. Unlike the older bhāṇaka traditions of the Theravāda—such as Sutta Bhāṇakas, Vinaya Bhāṇakas, and Abhidhamma Bhāṇakas, which have long disappeared—the Parittabhāṇaka lineage remains active across all three Nikāyas. This makes it the only surviving bhāṇaka system in Sri Lanka, where monks are still formally recognized for their chanting ability. Additional honorary titles, such as ''sarabhañña'' (melodious voice) and ''pravacanakīrti śrī'' (well-versed in the Buddha’s word), are sometimes conferred alongside it.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tantric Buddhist Influence on Sri Lankan Pirit (Paritta) |url=https://www.academia.edu/37465452/Tantric_Buddhist_Influence_on_Sri_Lankan_Pirit_Paritta_ |author=Venerable Chandawimala |website=Academia.edu |access-date=27 August 2025}}</ref>
===Esoteric influences=== Many ritual elements found in Sri Lanka’s Pirit tradition can be traced back to descriptions in the ''Uṣṇīṣa Vijaya Dhāraṇī''. The Sūtra instructs practitioners to prepare the chanting site with sand, flowers, and grasses, and prescribes the recitation of the dhāraṇī either 21 times or 1000 times. These details resonate with present customs in Sri Lanka, where monks spread a mixture of jasmine flowers, mustard seeds, and popped rice within the ''pirit maṇḍapa'' while chanting. The practice of laying īṭaṇa grass (''Andropogon contortus'') on the floor, as well as hanging tender leaves such as betel, banyan, and ironwood, reflects the Sūtra’s guidance to use sacred grasses for purity. Similarly, the protective use of blessed sand to drive away misfortune and malevolent forces continues the text’s emphasis on sanctifying the space of recitation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tantric Buddhist Influence on Sri Lankan Pirit (Paritta) |url=https://www.academia.edu/37465452/Tantric_Buddhist_Influence_on_Sri_Lankan_Pirit_Paritta_ |author=Venerable Chandawimala |website=Academia.edu |access-date=27 August 2025}}</ref>
Numerical patterns in recitation also highlight Tantric influence. In Sri Lanka, it is common to chant certain parittas a set number of times—often 7 or 21 repetitions, with the ''Aṅgulimāla Paritta'' (used for protecting expectant mothers) traditionally recited exactly 21 times. Larger-scale recitations of texts such as the ''Ratana Sutta'' may be performed 1000 or even 100,000 times. The significance of the number 21 in particular echoes practices described in Chinese Esoteric Buddhism: when presenting the ''Uṣṇīṣa Vijaya Dhāraṇī'' to Emperor Taizong, the monk Amoghavajra instructed him to carry it and have monks and nuns recite it 21 times daily, with annual reports of their totals. Śubhakarasiṃha’s ritual manual also prescribes twenty-onefold recitations for most purposes, underscoring the symbolic importance of this number in Tantric practice.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tantric Buddhist Influence on Sri Lankan Pirit (Paritta) |url=https://www.academia.edu/37465452/Tantric_Buddhist_Influence_on_Sri_Lankan_Pirit_Paritta_ |author=Venerable Chandawimala |website=Academia.edu |access-date=27 August 2025}}</ref>
==Discourse types== There are several paritta verses that are identified as such within the Pali Canon.
===Reverential=== Most paritta involve offering praise to the Buddha or, more broadly, the Triple Gem (Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha). Of these paritta, one of the best known is the Ratana Sutta (Sn 2.1) where, for instance, it states in part: :Whatever treasure there be either here or in the world beyond, whatever precious jewel there be in the heavenly worlds, there is nought comparable to the Tathagata (the Perfect One). This precious jewel is the Buddha. By this (asseveration of the) truth may there be happiness.<ref>[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/snp/snp.2.01.piya.html Piyadassi (1999d).]</ref>
===Aid seeking=== A few paritta involve the asking directly for the aid of the Buddha. Examples of this type of paritta verse can be seen in the Candima Sutta (SN 2.9) and Suriya Sutta (SN 2.10) of the Samyutta Nikaya. In these two scriptures, the deities Canda and Surya protect themselves from the attack of the eclipse deity Rahu by reciting short verses praising the Buddha and pleading for his protection: :"O Buddha, the Hero, thou art wholly free from all evil. My adoration to thee. I have fallen into distress. Be thou my refuge."<ref name="candima_sutta">[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn02/sn02.009.piya.html Piyadassi (1999b).]</ref><ref name="suriya_sutta">[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn02/sn02.010.piya.html Piyadassi (1999e).]</ref> In these cases, the Buddha is shown as specifically hearing and responding to the paritta; he enjoins Rahu to release the captive deities rather than have his "head split into seven pieces".<ref name="candima_sutta" />
===Blessing=== Another type of paritta relies on the virtue of the individual who is ascribed as reciting the paritta in the Canon, rather than making reference to the virtues of the Buddha. This type of paritta can be seen in the Angulimala Sutta, the story of the murderer-turned-monk Angulimala. On passing a pregnant woman experiencing a difficult labor, Angulimala is moved to provide assistance. Asking the Buddha how he can help, the Buddha tells him to provide a sort of blessing to the woman by reciting a short verse proclaiming his own virtue: <blockquote>Sister, since I was born in the noble birth, I do not recall intentionally killing a living being. Through this truth may there be wellbeing for you, wellbeing for your fetus.<ref>[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.086.than.html Thanissaro (2003).] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204132906/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.086.than.html |date=February 4, 2013 }}</ref></blockquote> This verse is now used as a blessing for expectant mothers in the Theravada Buddhist tradition.<ref>Piyadassi (1999a), [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/piyadassi/protection.html#preface "Preface."]</ref>
==Forms of expression== The Buddha and the arahants (the Consummate Ones) can concentrate on the paritta suttas without the aid of another. However, when they are ill, it is easier for them to listen to what others recite, and thus focus their minds on the dhamma that the suttas contain, rather than think of the dhamma by themselves. There are occasions, as in the case of illness, which weaken the mind (in the case of worldlings), when hetero-suggestion has been found to be more effective than autosuggestion.<ref name="piyadassi_paritta" /> In the ''Gilana Sutta'', even the Buddha Himself had the Seven Factors of Enlightenment recited to him by another monk to recover from a grave illness.<ref name="gilana_sutta">[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn46/sn46.016.piya.html Piyadassi (1999c).]</ref>
While paritta texts generally are recited aloud, other mediums are known as well. In Thailand, paritta texts are printed on small pieces of cloth containing images of the Buddha or famous monks. Similar text—often in the Khom Thai script—is sometimes incorporated into tattoos believed to have protective powers, known as Sak Yant.
==Collections== Paritta discourses are widely used and known, even if not necessarily understood, throughout the Theravada Buddhist world. Popular collections of paritta verses are among the most widely known Pali texts in many Theravada countries. Translations of Paritta texts have not proven to be particularly popular—they are often little easier to understand than the Pali texts themselves, and in popular belief it is not necessary to understand the recitation for it to be effective.<ref name=PLC/> Different Theravada regions have developed distinct sets of paritta repertoires.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Crosby |first1=Kate |last2=Kyaw |first2=Pyi Phyo |date=2022-10-19 |title=Practices of Protection in the Pali World |url=https://oxfordre.com/religion/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.001.0001/acrefore-9780199340378-e-764 |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.764|isbn=978-0-19-934037-8 }}</ref>
=== Myanmar (Burma) === In Myanmar, the most popular paritta collection is called ''Mahāparitta'' ({{Lit|Great Protection}}), which comprises eleven texts, with eight derived from the Milindapañha and commentarial lists.<ref name=":0" /> The second is the called the ''Sīrimaṅgala-paritta'', which was compiled by Prime Minister U Nu's Sīrimaṅgala Paritta Association in 1950.<ref name=":0" /> This collection consists of thirty-one texts, including eleven from ''Mahāparitta'', and another twenty, including the Buddha's first sermon (''Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta''), a synopsis of the twenty-four conditions in the ''Paṭṭhāna'', the seventh book of the ''Abhidhamma Piṭaka'', and the ''Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta'', which provides the textual basis for ''vipassanā'' meditation.<ref name=":0" /> The ''Paṭṭhāna'' is the single most popular paritta in Myanmar.<ref name=":0" /> Now follows the ''Mahāparitta'' collection and canonical sources by Ven Dr. Silananda Bhivamsa<ref>{{Cite web |title=ParittaSutta Vol2.1 - Sayadaw Ashin Silananda {{!}} PDF {{!}} Buddhist Texts {{!}} Buddhahood |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/375822025/813-ParittaSutta-Vol2-1-Sayadaw-Ashin-Silananda |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Scribd |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- | 1. | Paritta-Parikamma - Preliminary of Paritta ("preparation and invitation to devas") | Composed by compilers |- | 2. | Maṅgala Sutta ("for blessings and prosperity") | Khp 3-4 ,Sn 308-9 |- | 3. | Ratana Sutta ("for getting free from dangers caused by disease, evil spirits and famine") •introductory passage • following two verses • remaining text | DhpA ii. 272 ,Khp 4-7 , Sn 312-5 |- | 4. | Mettā Sutta ("for suffusing all kinds of beings with loving-kindness") | Khp 10-12, Sn 300-1 |- | 5. | Khandha Sutta ("for protecting against snakes and other creatures") | Vinaya, iv. 245, AN i. 348, Ja no. 203 |- | 6. | Mora Sutta ("for protection against snares, imprisonment and for safety") | Ja no. 159 |- | 7. | Vaṭṭa Sutta ("for protection against fire") | Cp 415 |- | 8. | Dhajagga Sutta ("for protection against fear, trembling and horror") | Sn i 220-2 |- | 9. | Āṭānāṭiya Sutta ("for protection against evil spirits, and gaining health and happiness") •verses 104- 109 •verses 102, 103, 110-130 •verse 131 | Dn iii. 159, Dhp verse 109, |- | 10. | Aṅgulimāla Sutta ("for easy delivery for expectant mothers") | Mn ii. 306 |- | 11. | Bojjhaṅga Sutta ("for protection against and getting free from sickness and disease") | Sn iii. 71, 72, 73 |- | 12. | Pubbaṇha Sutta ("for protection against bad omens, etc., and gaining happiness") | Kp 5, Sn 312, An i 299, |}
=== Sri Lanka === The preferred paritta repertoire in Sri Lanka is known in Sinhala as the ''Pirit Potha'' ("The Book of Protection"), ''Maha Pirit Potha'', or ''Catubhāṇavāraapali'' ("Text of the Four Recitals").<ref name=":0" /> It has also been referred to as the "Buddhist Bible."<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE BOOK OF PROTECTION |url=http://www.buddhanet.net/bp_regard.htm#:~:text=THE%20BOOK%20OF%20PROTECTION&text=This%20collection%20of%20paritta%20discourses,is%20even%20treated%20with%20veneration. |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=Buddha Net}}</ref> Copies of this collection are common in the home of Sri Lankans, with children being instructed in the recitations in the morning and before bed.<ref name="PLC" /> The most commonly recited texts are the Mangala Sutta, Ratana Sutta, Karaniya Metta Sutta, and Khuddakapatha.<ref name="PLC" /> The most common versions of the ''Maha Pirit Potha'' may have originated from a precursor of the Khuddakapatha, which otherwise receives relatively little attention in Theravada countries.<ref name="hinuber">{{cite book | last = Von Hinüber | first = Oskar | author-link = Oskar von Hinüber | title = A Handbook of Pali Literature | publisher = Munishiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. | edition = 1st Indian | date = 1997 | location = New Delhi | pages = 44 | language = English | isbn = 81-215-0778-2 }}</ref> The book typically contains a collection of twenty-four or twenty-nine discourses (''suttas''){{refn|Of the twenty-nine ''paritta'' texts listed below, Piyadassi (1999a) does not include the first five texts as part of the twenty-four discourses that he includes in the collection, although he identifies the first five texts as preliminary material. Anandajoti (2004) enumerates all twenty-nine texts as part of the ''paritta'' collection.|group=note}} almost all delivered by the Buddha, and found scattered in the five original collections (''nikayas'') in Pali, which form the Sutta Pitaka, the "Canonical Discourses."<ref name="piyadassi_paritta" /> Below, these discourses and related canonical sources are identified.{{refn|Table based on Anandajoti (2004), pp. ix-xi.|group=note}}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- | 1. | Sarana-gamana ("Going for Refuge") | Khp 1 |- | 2. | Dasa-sikkhapada ("Ten Training Precepts") | Khp 2 |- | 3. | Samanera-pañha ("Novice Questions") | Khp 4 |- | 4. | Dvattimsakara ("32 Body Parts") | Khp 3 |- | 5. | Paccavekkhana ("Reflections on Monastic Requisites") | MN 2 (excerpt), ''passim'' |- | 6. | Dasa-dhamma Sutta ("Ten Dhamma Discourse") | AN 10.48 |- | 7. | Mahamangala Sutta ("Great Blessings Discourse") | Khp 5, Sn 2.4 |- | 8. | Ratana Sutta ("Three Treasures Discourse") | Khp 6, Sn 2.1 |- | 9. | Karaniya Metta Sutta ("Friendly-kindness Discourse") | Khp 9, Sn 1.8 |- | 10. | Khandha-paritta ("Aggregates Protection") | AN 4.67 |- | 11. | Metta-anisamsa ("Friendly-kindness Advantages Discourse") | AN 11.16 |- | 12. | Mitta-anisamsa ("Friendship Advantages Discourse") | Ja 538 |- | 13. | Mora-paritta ("The Peacock's Protection") | Ja 159 |- | 14. | Canda-paritta ("The Moon's Protection") | SN 2.9 |- | 15. | Suriya-paritta ("The Sun's Protection") | SN 2.10 |- | 16. | Dhajagga-paritta ("Banner Protection") | SN 11.3 |- | 17. | Mahakassapa Thera Bojjhanga ("Elder Maha Kassapa's Factors of Awakening") | SN 46.14 (''Gilana Sutta I'') |- | 18. | Mahamoggallana Thera Bojjhanga ("Elder Maha Moggalana's Factors of Awakening") | SN 46.15 (''Gilana Sutta II'') |- | 19. | Mahacunda Thera Bojjhanga ("Elder Maha Cunda's Factors of Awakening") | SN 46.16 (''Gilana Sutta III'') |- | 20. | Girimananda Sutta ("To Girimananda Discourse") | AN 10.60 |- | 21. | Isigili Sutta ("About Isigili Discourse") | MN 116 |- | 22. | Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta ("Setting in Motion the Dhamma Wheel Discourse") | SN 56.11 |- | 23. | Maha-samaya Sutta ("The Great Assembly Discourse") | DN 20 |- | 24. | Alavaka Sutta ("Concerning Alavaka Discourse") | SN 46.11 |- | 25. | Kasi Bharadvaja Sutta ("Farmer Bharadvaja Discourse") | Sn 1.4 |- | 26. | Parabhava Sutta ("On Ruin Discourse") | Sn 1.6 |- | 27. | Vasala Sutta ("On Outcasts Discourse") | Sn 1.7 |- | 28. | Sacca-vibhanga Sutta ("Analysis of the Truth Discourse") | MN 141 |- | 29. | Āṭānāṭiya Sutta ("Atanatiya Discourse") | DN 32 |}
=== Thailand === In Thailand, the most important collection of paritta texts is ''The Royal Chanting Book'', which was compiled by Saṅgharāja Sā Phussadeva under the sponsorship of King Chulalongkorn and published in 1880.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the101.world/thai-buddhist-prayer-books-history/|script-title=th:สวดมนต์ฉบับหลวง หนังสืองานศพเล่มแรกของกรุงสยาม |language=th|publisher= The 101 World|access-date=16 June 2024}}</ref> ''The Royal Chanting Book'' comprises various ''paritta''s and ''sutta''s, and condensed versions of the three sections of the Pali canon, the ''Vinaya Piṭaka'', ''Sutta Piṭaka'' and ''Abhidhamma Piṭaka'', under the titles ''Phra Vinaya'', ''Phra Sūtra'', and ''Phra Paramartha'', respectively. The ''Jinapañjara'' is the single most popular paritta in Thailand.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://pbs.mcu.ac.th/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/0004_%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3.pdf|script-title=th:ตํานานพระคาถาชินบัญชร |language=th|publisher= มหาจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย|access-date=16 June 2024}}</ref> For the case of Thai version paritta texts mention in ''The Royal Chanting Book'', they have been classified in 2 categories including:<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.finearts.go.th/storage/contents/2020/07/file/UDrGb24EvYkVr7AxkWdGLW787Le3PzGiJxeTLHt6.pdf|script-title=th:ตำนานพระปริตร|language=th|publisher= โรงพิมพ์ท่าพระจันทร์|access-date=16 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.finearts.go.th/storage/contents/2020/07/file/UDrGb24EvYkVr7AxkWdGLW787Le3PzGiJxeTLHt6.pdf|script-title=th:บทสวด 7 ตำนาน 12 ตำนาน และความเป็นมา|language=th|publisher= บริษัท สำนักพิมพ์เลี่ยงเชียง เพียรเพื่อพุทธศาสน์ จำกัด|access-date=16 June 2024}}</ref> # Cullarajaparitta which has 7 parittas or 7 tamnans according Thai Buddhist terminology) # Maharajaparitta which has 12 parittas or 12 tamnans according Thai Buddhist terminology) which cover all 7 suttas of Cullarajaparitta (1-7) and the other 5 suttas (8-12). All 12 parittas can be listed as follows:
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- | 1. | Maṅgala Sutta (Maṅgala Paritta) ("for blessings and prosperity") | Khp 3-4 ,Sn 308-9 |- | 2. | Ratana Sutta (Maṅgala Paritta) ("for getting free from dangers caused by disease, evil spirits and famine") •introductory passage • following two verses • remaining text | DhpA ii. 272 ,Khp 4-7 , Sn 312-5 |- | 3. | Mettā Sutta (Maṅgala Paritta) "for suffusing all kinds of beings with loving-kindness") | Khp 10-12, Sn 300-1 |- | 4. | Khandha Sutta ("for protecting against snakes and other creatures") | Vinaya, iv. 245, AN i. 348, Ja no. 203 |- | 5. | Mora Sutta ("for protection against snares, imprisonment and for safety") | Ja no. 159 |- | 6. | Dhajagga Sutta ("for protection against fear, trembling and horror") | Sn i 220-2 |- | 7. | Āṭānāṭiya Sutta ("for protection against evil spirits, and gaining health and happiness") •verses 104- 109 •verses 102, 103, 110-130 •verse 131 | Dn iii. 159, Dhp verse 109, |- | 8. | Vaṭṭa Sutta ("for protection against fire") | Cp 415 |- | 9. | Aṅgulimāla Sutta ("for easy delivery for expectant mothers") | Mn ii. 306 |- | 10. | Bojjhaṅga Sutta ("for protection against and getting free from sickness and disease") | Sn iii. 71, 72, 73 |- | 11. | Abhaiya Sutta ("for protection against nightmare") | monks from Chiang Mai composed during the same time as ''Jinapañjara'' |- | 12. | Jaya Sutta ("for victory and success in auspicious acts") | unknown |}
==See also== * Awgatha * Buddhist chant * Jinapañjara * Lorica (prayer) * ''Sacca-kiriyā'' * Smot (chanting)
== Notes == {{Reflist|group=note}}
== References == <references />
== Sources == * Anandajoti Bhikkhu (edition, trans.) (2004). ''Safeguard Recitals''. Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society. {{ISBN|955-24-0255-7}}. * Piyadassi Thera (trans. only) (1999a). ''[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/piyadassi/protection.html The Book of Protection: Paritta]''. Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society. Retrieved 08-14-2008 from "Access to Insight". * Piyadassi Thera (trans.) (1999b). ''[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn02/sn02.009.piya.html Candima Sutta: The Moon Deity's Prayer for Protection]'' (SN 2.9). Retrieved 08-14-2008 from "Access to Insight". * Piyadassi Thera (trans.) (1999c). ''[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn46/sn46.016.piya.html Gilana Sutta: Ill (Factors of Enlightenment)]'' (SN 46.16). Retrieved 08-14-2008 from "Access to Insight". * Piyadassi Thera (trans.) (1999d). ''[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/snp/snp.2.01.piya.html Ratana Sutta: The Jewel Discourse]'' (Sn 2.1). Retrieved 08-15-2008 from "Access to Insight". * Piyadassi Thera (trans.) (1999e). ''[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn02/sn02.010.piya.html Suriya Sutta: The Sun Deity's Prayer for Protection]'' (SN 2.10). Retrieved 08-14-2008 from "Access to Insight". * Rhys Davids, C.A.F., ''Dialogues of the Buddha'', part 3. * Rhys Davids, T.W. & William Stede (eds.) (1921-5). ''The Pali Text Society’s Pali–English Dictionary''. Chipstead: Pali Text Society. A general on-line search engine for the PED is available at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/. * Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (2003). ''[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.086.than.html Angulimala Sutta: About Angulimala]'' (MN 86). Retrieved 08-14-2008 from "Access to Insight".
== External links == * [https://pirith.org/ Pirith.org] *''[https://www.bps.lk/library-search-select.php?id=bp216s Book of Protection]'' by Piyadassi Thera * Anandajoti Bhikkhu (edition and trans.) (2004). [http://www.ancient-buddhist-texts.net/Texts-and-Translations/Safeguard/index.htm Safeguard Recitals] (300+ pages) * Anandajoti Bhikkhu (edition and trans.) (2006). [http://www.ancient-buddhist-texts.net/Texts-and-Translations/Blessing-Chants/index.htm Blessing Chants] (22 pages) * Anandajoti Bhikkhu (edition and trans.) (2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090701065233/http://www.ancient-buddhist-texts.net/Texts-and-Translations/Daily-Chanting/index.htm Daily Chanting], a weekly sequence of paritta chants (80 pages) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070427022047/http://web.ukonline.co.uk/buddhism/mahapri1.htm Paritta Chanting audio files] Examples of Paritta in the Burmese style. * Chandrabodhi chants the Ratana Sutta and other suttas in an 'Indian style' at [http://www.freebuddhistaudio.com/talks/details?num=LOC27 freebuddhistaudio]
{{Buddhism topics}} {{Sri Lankan Buddhist Observances}}
Category:Buddhist practices Category:Pali words and phrases Category:Buddhist chants Category:Exorcism in Buddhism Category:Boran esotericism