{{short description|Accessory structures on farm or ranch}} thumb|Etching of a Canadian barn (1888)
An '''outbuilding''', sometimes called an '''accessory building'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allen |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Q_nAAAAMAAJ&dq=Outbuildings&pg=PA14 |title="Harmonizing the Outbuildings," House & Garden |date=1910 |publisher=Condé Nast Publications |pages=14–15 |language=en}}</ref> or a '''dependency''', is a building that is part of a residential or agricultural complex but detached from the main sleeping and eating areas. Outbuildings are generally used for some practical purpose, rather than decoration or purely for leisure (such as a pool house or a tree house), although luxury greenhouses such as orangeries or ferneries may also be considered outbuildings. This article is limited to buildings that would typically serve one property, separate from community-scale structures such as gristmills, water towers, fire towers, or parish granaries. Outbuildings are typically detached from the main structure, so places like wine cellars, root cellars and cheese caves may or may not be termed ''outbuildings'' depending on their placement. A buttery, on the other hand, is never an outbuilding because by definition is it is integrated into the main structure.
Separating these work spaces from the main home "removed heat, obnoxious odors, and offending vermin" and decreased the risk of house fires and food-borne illnesses.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Linebaugh |first=Donald W. |date=1994 |title="All the Annoyances and Inconveniences of the Country": Environmental Factors in the Development of Outbuildings in the Colonial Chesapeake |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1181448 |journal=Winterthur Portfolio |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=1–18 |doi=10.1086/496641 |jstor=1181448 |s2cid=162285380 |issn=0084-0416|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The study of historical outbuildings also offers information about the lives of workers otherwise excluded from the history of a place, since one possible purpose of an outbuilding was to reinforce class boundaries.<ref name=":1" />
Outbuildings are typically constructed in a vernacular architectural style.<ref name=":1" /> Outbuildings can be valuable resources for architectural historians as they may "offer insight unavailable in traditional documentary sources."<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=McMurry |first=Sally |date=2014-01-01 |title=Buildings as Sources for US Agricultural History |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3098/ah.2014.88.1.45 |journal=Agricultural History |volume=88 |issue=1 |pages=45–67 |doi=10.3098/ah.2014.88.1.45 |jstor=10.3098/ah.2014.88.1.45 |issn=0002-1482|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Architectural historian William Tishler argues that in addition to documenting outbuildings, researchers need to inspect attics and basements "because it's there that you see how things are put together."<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Frank Edgerton |date=2002 |title=Field Trips Into History |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44673338 |journal=Landscape Architecture |volume=92 |issue=2 |pages=80–91 |jstor=44673338 |issn=0023-8031}}</ref>
Researchers studying detached kitchens in Wiltshire identified some common characteristics of the outbuildings: non-standard floor plans, no large windows, location near the main house, footprint smaller than main house, and little or no interior ornamentation.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Broad |first=John |date=January 2015 |title=Making sense of Detached Kitchens: the implications of documentary evidence from seventeenth-century Wiltshire |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03055477.2015.1123411 |journal=Vernacular Architecture |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=1–7 |doi=10.1080/03055477.2015.1123411 |s2cid=164022626 |issn=0305-5477|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
{{blockquote|text=Good farming and good outbuildings are invariably associated.|author=Thomas Shaw|source=editor of ''Canadian Live Stock Journal'' (1888)<ref>{{cite report|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=metJAAAAYAAJ&dq=Outbuildings&pg=PA102 | title=Essay on Construction of the Outbuildings on a Farm, Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture and Arts | publisher=Ontario Department of Agriculture | year=1888 | pages=102–114 | last=Shaw | first=Thomas}}</ref>}}
== Types ==
* Bunkhouses * Slave quarters * Tenant housing<ref name=":1" /> * Itinerant labor housing<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Corrado |first1=Alessandra |last2=Caruso |first2=Francesco Saverio |last3=Cascio |first3=Martina Lo |last4=Nori |first4=Michele |last5=Palumbo |first5=Letizia |last6=Triandafyllidou |first6=Anna |date=2018 |title=INTRODUCTION: UNPACKING THE DEMAND FOR UNDECLARED WORK IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN SOUTHERN ITALY |chapter=Introduction |journal=Is Italian Agriculture A 'Pull Factor' for Irregular Migration – and, if So, Why? |chapter-url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep42960.3 |pages=2–3}}</ref> * Bothies * Wash houses<ref name=":2" /> * Saunas<ref name=":3" /> * Lavoirs (laundries) * Wood sheds * Radio shacks * Barns, possibly incorporating haylofts and/or outdoor animal pens * Stables for horses * Mangers * Hay barracks * Outhouses or privies * Spring houses * Ice houses<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Elizabeth Collins Cromley |date=2012 |title=Frank Lloyd Wright in the Kitchen |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/481331 |journal=Buildings & Landscapes: Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=18 |doi=10.5749/buildland.19.1.0018|url-access=subscription }}</ref> * Pump houses or windpumps * Tankhouses * Summer kitchens,<ref name=":0" /> detached kitchens, cookhouses, dirty kitchens, etc. * Bake ovens<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Outbuildings and Other Structures |url=https://www.phmc.pa.gov:443/Preservation/Field-Guide-for-Agricultural-Resources/Pages/Outbuildings-and-Structures-.aspx |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission |language=en-US}}</ref> * Smokehouses<ref name=":0" /> * Root cellars<ref name=":0" /> * Cold storage<ref name=":5" /> * Pit-houses * Dugout (shelter) * Wine cellars and wine caves * Cheese caves * Butcher houses (after an outdoor slaughter, preparing the cuts of meat for long-term storage would take place in a butcher house)<ref name=":1" /> * Poultry houses<ref name=":1" /> * Pigpens or piggeries<ref name=":1" /> * Milkhouses or dairy barns<ref name=":1" /> * Shearing sheds * Dovecotes, columbaria, ''pigeonniers'' * Dog houses, kennels * Siloes * Granaries<ref name=":1" /> grain bins<ref name=":5" /> * Corn cribs<ref name=":3" /> * Rice barns, winnowing barns * Hemp-processing houses<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last1=Kennedy |first1=Rachel |last2=Macintire |first2=William |date=1999 |title=AGRICULTURAL AND DOMESTIC OUTBUILDINGS IN CENTRAL AND WESTERN KENTUCKY, 1800-1865 |url=https://heritage.ky.gov/Documents/Outbuildings.pdf |website=Kentucky Historic Preservation Office}}</ref> * Threshing barns<ref name=":6" /> * Potato houses * Greenhouses * Illicit grow houses (marijuana, psilocybin mushrooms, et al.) * Detached conservatories, orangeries, walipinis, pineapple pits, ferneries, etc. * Coach houses<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last=Grguric |first=Nic |title=The fortified homestead of the Australian frontier |date=2022 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2ff6h5r.14 |work=Archaeological Perspectives on Conflict and Warfare in Australia and the Pacific |pages=191–210 |editor-last=Clark |editor-first=Geoffrey |edition=1 |publisher=ANU Press |jstor=j.ctv2ff6h5r.14 |isbn=978-1-76046-488-2 |access-date=2023-02-11 |editor2-last=Litster |editor2-first=Mirani}}</ref> * Machine houses and tool sheds * Packhouses * Drying sheds, dry houses * Kilns * Forges or smithies * Sugar shacks * Oast houses, malt houses * Cider houses<ref name=":5" /> * Still sheds * Tobacco barns * Gin house (for a cotton gin)<ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=Walter |title=River of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Empire in the Cotton Kingdom |publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press |year=2013 |isbn=9780674074880 |location=Cambridge |pages=183 |language=en-us |lccn=2012030065 |oclc=827947225 |ol=26179618M |author-link=Walter Johnson}}</ref> * Guard houses<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Margueron |first=Jean-Claude |date=December 2000 |title=A Stroll through the Palace |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/3210786 |journal=Near Eastern Archaeology |language=en |volume=63 |issue=4 |pages=205–207 |doi=10.2307/3210786 |jstor=3210786 |s2cid=155354601 |issn=1094-2076|url-access=subscription }}</ref> * Guest houses * Workshops * shed * Detached garages * Scale sheds<ref name=":5" /> * Roadside stands * <ref name=":5" /> Garage * Storage room * Ware house
==Barn subtypes== {{excerpt|Barn|Types}}
== See also == * Well * Cistern * Croft * Connected farm * Barnyard * Shed * Hut * Lean-to * Pergola * Outhouse, an external toilet * :Category:Pastoral shelters * ''Chashitsu'' (Japanese tea houses) * ''Grillkota'' (Scandinavian grillhouses)
===Derivative extravagance=== * Folly * Garden hermit * {{Lang|fr|Hameau de la Reine}}
== References == {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== * {{Cite book |last=Olmert |first=Michael |title=Kitchens, smokehouses, and privies : outbuildings and the architecture of daily life in the eighteenth-century Mid-Atlantic |date=2009 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-0-8014-4791-4 |location=Ithaca |oclc=271812400}}
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Category:Buildings and structures Category:Vernacular architecture