{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae (stonecrop family)}} {{For|orpine stonecrop|Sedum debile}} {{Speciesbox |image = Sedum telephium 240808e.jpg |image_caption = ''Hylotelephium telephium'' subsp. ''telephium'' |genus = Hylotelephium |species = telephium |authority = (L.) H.Ohba |synonyms = {{collapsible list| {{Species list |Anacampseros albida|Haw. ex DC. |Anacampseros arguta|Haw. |Anacampseros aurigerana|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros beugesiaca|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros borderi|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros buxicola|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros conferta|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros convexa|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros dumeticola|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros julliana|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros lapidicola|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros lugdunensis|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros monticulorum|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros navieri|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros praecelsa|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros purpurea|Haw. ex DC. |Anacampseros pycnantha|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros repens|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros rhodanensis|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros rubella|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros rupifraga|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros saxifraga|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros subalbida|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros triphylla|Haw. |Anacampseros viridula|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros vogesiaca|Jord. & Fourr. |Anacampseros vulgaris|Haw. |Hylotelephium argutum|(Haw.) Holub |Hylotelephium carpaticum|(G.Reuss) Soják |Hylotelephium decumbens (Lucé) V.V.Byalt |Hylotelephium jullianum|(Boreau) Grulich |Hylotelephium maritimum|(Bohuslav) Grulich |Hylotelephium purpureum|(L.) Holub |Hylotelephium sanguineum|(Ortega) Castrov. & Velayos |Hylotelephium triphyllum|(Haw.) Holub |Hylotelephium vulgare|(Haw.) Holub |Hylotelephium zhiguliense|Tzvelev |Sedum argutum|(Haw.) Sweet |Sedum carpaticum|G.Reuss |Sedum fabaria|W.D.J.Koch nom. illeg. |Sedum jullianum|Boreau |Sedum maritimum|Bohuslav |Sedum mugodscharicum|Boriss. |Sedum purpurascens|W.D.J.Koch |Sedum purpureum|(L.) Schult. |Sedum sanguineum|Ortega |Sedum telephium|L. |Sedum triphyllum|(Haw.) Gray }} }} |synonyms_ref = |subdivision_ranks = Subspecies |subdivision = 4 - see text }} thumb|Inflorescence of subsp. ''maximum'' '''''Hylotelephium telephium''''' (synonym ''Sedum telephium''), known as '''orpine''', '''livelong''', '''frog's-stomach''', '''harping Johnny''', '''life-everlasting''', '''live-forever''', '''midsummer-men''', '''Orphan John''', '''witch's moneybags''', and '''garden stonecrop'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=WoS |date=2017-07-07 |title=Hylotelephium telephium (Orpine) |url=https://worldofsucculents.com/hylotelephium-telephium-sedum-telephium-orpine/ |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=World of Succulents |language=en-US}}</ref> is a succulent perennial plant of the family Crassulaceae native to Eurasia. The flowers are held in dense heads and can be reddish or yellowish-white. A number of cultivars, often with purplish leaves, are grown in gardens as well as hybrids between this species and the related ''Hylotelephium spectabile'' (iceplant), especially the popular 'Herbstfreude' ('Autumn Joy'). Occasionally garden plants may escape and naturalise as has happened in parts of North America.

== Taxonomy == The plant was known to botanists, including Dioscorides ({{lang|el|Διοσκουρίδης}}, 40 AD – 90 AD) in his De Materia Medica ({{langx|grc|Περὶ ὕλης ἰατρικῆς}}) as Telephion ({{langx|grc|Τηλεφιον}}).{{sfn|Dioscorides|1549}}{{sfn|Dioscorides|2000}} Pliny, Gerard and Parkinson were among many later authors to describe ''Telephium''. It was first formally described by Linnaeus in 1753,{{sfn|Linnaeus|1753}} as one of 15 species of ''Sedum'', Gray included it and related species as a section of the genus ''Sedum''.{{sfn|Gray|1821}} These species differ markedly from the rest of that genus by a distinct ovary and ovules, flowering stems, leaves, inflorescence, flower parts, colour and blooming time and chromosome number. Consequently, Ohba (1977) segregated these species into a separate genus, ''Hylotelephium'' with 28 species, specifying ''Hylotelephium telephium'' as the type species.{{sfn|Ohba|1977}}{{sfn|Ohba|1978}}{{sfn|Ohba|1995}} Subsequent molecular phylogenetic studies have confirmed that these species constitute a distinct clade, separate from the very large ''Sedum'' genus, which is paraphyletic. Sedum is widely considered to be an unnatural catch-all taxonomic grouping.{{sfn|Mayuzumi|Ohba|2004}} That clade, originally given the informal name Telephium and later Hylotelephium, was given the taxonomic rank of tribe Telephieae.{{sfn|Thiede|Eggli|2007}} The name ''Hylotelephium telephium'' has been widely, but not universally adopted.{{sfn|BSBI|2019}}{{sfn|FNA|2008}}

=== Etymology and names ===

==== Telephium ==== The name Telephium was thought to be named after a surgical term for an ulcer that was particularly difficult to cure. This in turn was named after King Telephus who suffered from a spear wound that would not heal (''see Uses'').{{sfn|Bailey|1736}}{{sfn|Maund|1878}}

==== Common names ==== ''Hylotelephium telephium'' has earned many common names in English, including orpine,{{sfn|Davison|Martin|1981|page=147}} livelong, life-everlasting, live-forever,{{efn|"liveforever": Named for its hardiness, being able to live after being uprooted or cut{{sfn|Friends|2015}}}} frog's-stomach, harping Johnny, midsummer-men, orphan John and witch's moneybags.{{efn|Witch's moneybags: It is said that children would use the outer leaves to make witch's moneybags{{sfn|NAS|2001|loc=Witch's Moneybags}}}}{{sfn|Lehmuskallio|2019}}

=== Subdivision === There are several subspecies. Ohba accepted the following:{{sfn|Ohba|1977}}

*''Hylotelphium telephium'' subsp. ''fabaria'' <small>Koch</small> - West & Central Europe *''Hylotelphium telephium'' subsp. ''maximum'' <small>L.</small> - Europe & W Asia *''Hylotelphium telephium'' subsp. ''ruprechtii'' <small>Jalas</small> - North-east Europe *''Hylotelphium telephium'' subsp. ''telephium'' - Central & East Europe, E Asia

== Distribution and habitat == The species is endemic from Europe to Asia, but has been widely introduced elsewhere, particularly N America. It can be found growing in fields, around hedges, hills, and on gravelly or calcareous soils.{{sfn|Sowerby|1804}} In the UK, it is found in woodland and near hedges.{{sfn|Davison|Martin|1981|page=147}}

== Uses == The very young leaves can be eaten raw, and both the young leaves and firm tubers can be cooked.{{sfn|Elias|Dykeman|2009|p=110}}

The plant has been used medicinally, being used by the Romans to treat wounds, and in later times to treat internal ulcers.{{sfn|MISIN}} It has also been used for love-divination, as the stems and leaves can store water, when picked, hence common name ''livelong''. They were hung in a room where a girl was to be married to a boy. If the stems grew together, this 'sign' would mean that the marriage would be blessed and she would be happy. Alternatively, if they grew apart, the marriage prospects looked bad, and if a stem died, this would portent death.{{sfn|Davison|Martin|1981|page=147}}

==Gallery== <gallery> (MHNT) Hylotelephium telephium - Habitus.jpg|''Hylotelephium telephium'' Subspecies ''telephium'' - Habit (MHNT) Hylotelephium telephium - flower buds.jpg|''Hylotelephium telephium'' Subspecies ''telephium'' - Flower buds Sedum fabaria a5.jpg|Subspecies ''fabaria'' Sedum telephium 240808b.jpg|Subspecies ''telephium'' Sedum telephium subsp maximum 200807.jpg|Subspecies ''maximum'' Hylotelephium telephium Sturm42.jpg|Subspecies ''maximum'' Blüte von Hylotelephium 'Herbstfreude' mit zwei Bienen IMG 9737c.jpg|The cultivar 'Herbstfreude' </gallery>

== Notes == {{Notelist}}

==References== {{Reflist|20em}}

== Bibliography == {{Commons|position=left}} {{Wikispecies|position=left}} {{Refbegin|30em}}

=== Books ===

* {{cite book |editor-last1=Davison |editor-first1=Michael Worth |editor-last2=Martin |editor-first2=Neal V |year=1981 |title=Reader's Digest Field Guide to the Wild Flowers of Britain |publisher=Reader's Digest |isbn=978-0-276-00217-5}} * {{Cite book |last=Elias |first=Thomas S. |last2=Dykeman |first2=Peter A. |year=2009 |orig-year=1982 |title=Edible Wild Plants: A North American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods |location=New York |publisher=Sterling |isbn=978-1-4027-6715-9 |oclc=244766414}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Hart |editor1-first=H. 't |editor2-last=Eggli |editor2-first=U. |title=Evolution and systematics of the Crassulaceae (23rd Congress of the International Organization for Succulent Plant Study, Wageningen, Netherlands, August 20th, 1994) |date=1995 |publisher=Backhuys |location=Leiden |isbn=978-9073348462|oclc=34335028 }} ** {{cite book |last1= Ohba |first1= Hideaki|title= Systematic problems of Asian Sedoideae|pages=151–158|year=1995}}, in {{harvtxt|Hart|Eggli|1995}} * {{cite book|last1=Thiede |first1=J |last2=Eggli |first2=U|editor-last=Kubitzki |editor-first=Klaus|editor-link=Klaus Kubitzki |title=Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales, Fabales p.p., Geraniales, Gunnerales, Myrtales p.p., Proteales, Saxifragales, Vitales, Zygophyllales, Clusiaceae Alliance, Passifloraceae Alliance, Dilleniaceae, Huaceae, Picramniaceae, Sabiaceae |year=2007 |chapter=Crassulaceae|pages=83–119|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PdSL7jBNX9EC&pg=PA83 |isbn=978-3540322146}} ''([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227205999_Crassulaceae full text at]'' ResearchGate) * {{cite book |last1=NAS |author-link=National Audubon Society|title=Field guide to North American wildflowers: Eastern region |date=2001 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |isbn=978-0375402326 |edition=2nd}}

;Historical * {{cite book|last=Bailey|first=Nathan|author-link=Nathan Bailey|title=Dictionarium Britannicum Or a More Compleat Universal Etymological English Dictionary Than Any Extant|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O50-AAAAcAAJ|chapter=Telephium|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O50-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP788|year=1736|publisher=T. Cox|location=London}} * {{cite book |last=Dioscorides| first=Pedanius|author-link=Pedanius Dioscorides|editor-last=Osbaldeston |editor-first=Tess Anne |title=De Materia Medica: Being an herbal with many other medicinal matters. Written in Greek in the first century of the common era |volume=2|chapter=217: Telephion|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/Dioscorides_Materia_Medica/page/n387|page=[https://archive.org/details/Dioscorides_Materia_Medica/page/n388 360]|date=2000 |orig-year=ca. 70|publisher=Ibidis |location=Johannesburg |isbn=0-620-23435-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/Dioscorides_Materia_Medica}} (from the Latin, after John Goodyer 1655]) * {{cite book |last=Dioscorides |author-link=Dioscorides |title= Libri octo graece et latine. Castigationes in eosdem libros |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QGNlAAAAcAAJ |volume=2|chapter=217 Telephiu|page=135|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QGNlAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA134-IA2|year=1549 |publisher=Arnold Birkmann |location=Paris|language=la,el}} (''Index in frontispiece'') * {{cite book|last=Gray|first=Samuel Frederick|author-link=Samuel Frederick Gray|title=A natural arrangement of British plants: according to their relations to each other as pointed out by Jussieu, De Candolle, Brown, &c. 2 vols.|year=1821|publisher=Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy|location=London|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/43804#/summary|chapter=Sedum Telephium|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95185#page/551/mode/1up|pages=ii: 539–540}} * {{cite book |last=Linnaeus |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Linnaeus|title=Species Plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13829#page/315/mode/1up|year=1753 |volume=1|chapter=Sedum telephium|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13829#page/442/mode/1up|page=430|publisher=Impensis Laurentii Salvii|location=Stockholm}}, ''see also'' Species Plantarum * {{cite book|last=Maund|first=Benjamin|author-link=Benjamin Maund|title=The Botanic Garden; Consisting of Highly Finished Figures of Hardy Ornamental Flowering Plants, Cultivated in Great Britain; with Their Names, Orders, History, Qualities, Culture, and Physiological Observations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a7MlAQAAMAAJ|chapter=Sedum telephium: common orpine stonecrop|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a7MlAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA133|page=133|year=1878|publisher=G. Bell and Sons|location=London}} * {{cite book|last=Sowerby|first= James|author-link=James Sowerby|title=English Botany; Or, Coloured Figures of British Plants, with Their Essential characters, synonyms, and places of growth. To which will be added, occasional remarks|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/11893#/summary|date=1804|publisher=Robert Hardwicke|location=London|chapter=Sedum telephium|volume=19|page=1319}}, ''see also English Botany''

=== Articles ===

* {{cite journal |last1=Mayuzumi |first1=Shinzo |last2=Ohba |first2=Hideaki |title=The Phylogenetic Position of Eastern Asian Sedoideae (Crassulaceae) Inferred from Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Sequences |journal=Systematic Botany |date=2004 |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=587–598 |issn=0363-6445|jstor=25063994 |doi=10.1600/0363644041744329 |s2cid=84319808 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Ohba |first1=Hideaki |title=The taxonomic status of Sedum telephium and its allied species (Crassulaceae) |journal=The Botanical Magazine Tokyo |date=March 1977 |volume=90 |issue=1 |pages=41–56 |doi=10.1007/BF02489468|s2cid=22239507 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Ohba |first1=H |title=Generic and infrageneric classification of the old world sedoideae crassulaceae |journal=Journal of the Faculty of Science University of Tokyo Section III Botany |date=1978 |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=139–193}}

=== Websites ===

* {{cite web|last1=TPL|author-link=The Plant List |title=The Plant List Version 1.1: Sedum telephium|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2488984|publisher =Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden |access-date=25 October 2019|date=2013}} * {{cite web |last1=BSBI |title=Hylotelphium telephium |website=The complete list of taxon names| url=https://bsbi.org/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/STACE-EDITION-4-CHANGES.pdf |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain & Ireland |date=March 2019|access-date=25 October 2019}} * {{cite web |last=FNA |work=Flora of North America vol.&nbsp;8|pages=162–163 |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250092041 |year=2008 |title=Hylotelphium telephium |access-date=25 October 2019 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York}} * {{cite web |last1=Lehmuskallio |first1=Eija |title=Orpine, Hylotelephium telephium |url=http://www.luontoportti.com/suomi/en/kukkakasvit/orpine |website=NatureGate: Flowers |publisher=University of Helsinki |access-date=26 October 2019 |date=2019}} * {{cite web |title=Live-forever, Hylotelephium telephium (L.) [Sedum telephium] |website=Friends of the Wild Flower Garden |date=2015 |url=https://www.friendsofeloisebutler.org/pages/plants/liveforever.html |publisher=Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden |access-date=26 October 2019|ref={{harvid|Friends|2015}}}} * {{cite web |last1=MISIN |title=Witch's moneybags (Hylotelephium telephium) |url=https://www.misin.msu.edu/facts/detail/?project=&id=155&cname=Witch%27s%20moneybags |website=Midwest Invasive Species Information Network |publisher=Michigan State University |access-date=28 October 2019}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.herbs2000.com/herbs/herbs_live_long.htm |title=Live-long: ''Sedum telephium'' |website=Elma Skin Care}} {{Refend}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1327535}}

Category:Medicinal plants of Asia Category:Medicinal plants of Europe Category:Plants described in 1753 Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Category:Groundcovers telephium Category:Taxa named by Hideaki Ohba