Orange G

{{short description|Chemical compound and histologic stain}} {{More citations needed|date=June 2019}} {{chembox | Verifiedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 462265517 | ImageFile = Orange G.svg | ImageFile1 = | ImageFile2 = | IUPACName = | OtherNames = Acid Orange 10 <br /> C.I. 16230 |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 10468647 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 410263 | ChEMBL2_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEMBL2 = 1615565 | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEBI = 82427 | InChI = 1/C16H12N2O7S2.2Na/c19-13-7-6-10-8-12(26(20,21)22)9-14(27(23,24)25)15(10)16(13)18-17-11-4-2-1-3-5-11;;/h1-9,19H,(H,20,21,22)(H,23,24,25);;/q;2*+1/p-2/b18-17+;; | InChIKey = HSXUHWZMNJHFRV-JLAJEUQUBD | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C16H12N2O7S2.2Na/c19-13-7-6-10-8-12(26(20,21)22)9-14(27(23,24)25)15(10)16(13)18-17-11-4-2-1-3-5-11;;/h1-9,19H,(H,20,21,22)(H,23,24,25);;/q;2*+1/p-2/b18-17+;; | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = HSXUHWZMNJHFRV-QIKYXUGXSA-L | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo = 1936-15-8 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = 1Q6EJU80RN | PubChem = 9566064 | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}} | KEGG = C19372 | SMILES = [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)c3cc2ccc(O)c(/N=N/c1ccccc1)c2c(c3)S([O-])(=O)=O }} |Section2={{Chembox Properties | Formula = C₁₆H₁₀N₂Na₂O₇S₂ | MolarMass = 452.38 g/mol | Appearance = | Density = | MeltingPt = 141 °C | BoilingPt = | Solubility = }} |Section3={{Chembox Hazards | MainHazards = R36/37/38, S26, S36 | FlashPt = | AutoignitionPt = }} }} '''Orange G''' also called '''C.I. 16230''',<ref name="Lillie, 1974" /> '''Acid Orange 10''',<ref name="Lillie, 1974" /> or '''orange gelb'''<ref>{{cite book |title=Histotechnology: A Self-Instructional Text |last1=Carson |first1=Freida L |last2=Hladik |first2=Christa |year=2009 |publisher=American Society for Clinical Pathology Press |location=Hong Kong |isbn=978-0-89189-581-7 |page=362 |edition=3 }}</ref> is a synthetic azo dye used in histology in many staining formulations. It usually comes as a disodium salt. It has the appearance of orange crystals or powder.

==Staining== Orange G is used in the Papanicolaou stain<ref name="Bancroft and Stevens, 1982" /> to stain keratin. It is also a major component of the Alexander test for pollen staining.

It is often combined with other yellow dyes and used to stain erythrocytes in the trichrome methods.

==Color marker== Orange G can be used as an electrophoretic color marker to monitor the process of agarose gel electrophoresis, running approximately at the size of a 50 base pair (bp) DNA molecule, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Bromophenol blue and xylene cyanol can also be used for this purpose. (However, the apparent "size" of all these dyes varies according to the concentration of agarose in the gel and the buffer system used, so one should look up the appropriate reference before using the dyes to determine how far a gel has run.)

==pH indicator== Despite its three ionizable groups, it shows only two colors in aqueous solution, brilliant orange in neutral and acidic pH or red in pH greater than 9.

==References== {{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Bancroft and Stevens, 1982">{{cite book |editor1-last=Bancroft |editor1-first=John |editor2-last=Stevens |editor2-first=Alan |title=The Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques |date=1982 |publisher=Longman Group Limited |edition=2nd }}</ref>

<ref name="Lillie, 1974">{{cite journal| author=Lillie RD| title=The hematoxylin shortage and the availability of synthetic substitutes. | journal=Am J Med Technol | year= 1974 | volume= 40 | issue= 11 | pages= 455–61 | pmid=4139897 }}</ref>

}}

Category:Azo dyes Category:Staining dyes Category:2-Naphthols Category:Naphthalenesulfonates Category:Organic sodium salts Category:Acid dyes