{{Short description|Species of fish}} {{Speciesbox | image = Lutjanidae - Lutjanus monostigma.JPG | image_caption = A group of ''Lutjanus monostigma'' from French Polynesia | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Russell, B. |author2=Lawrence, A. |author3=Myers, R. |author4=Carpenter, K.E. |author5=Smith-Vaniz, W.F. |date=2016 |title=''Lutjanus monostigma'' |volume=2016 |article-number=e.T194376A2325523 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T194376A2325523.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> | taxon = Lutjanus monostigma | authority = (Cuvier, 1828) | synonyms = *''Mesoprion monostigma'' <small>Cuvier, 1828</small> *''Lutjanus lioglossus'' <small>Bleeker, 1873</small> | synonyms_ref = <ref name = Fishbase>{{Fishbase|Lutjanus|monostigma|month=February|year=2021}}</ref> }}
'''''Lutjanus monostigma''''', the '''one-spot snapper''', '''onespot seaperch''' or '''Moses snapper''', is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a snapper belonging to the family Lutjanidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region.
==Taxonomy== ''Lutjanus monostigma'' Was first formally described in 1828 as ''Mesoprion monostigma''by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier with the type locality given as the Seychelles.<ref name = CofF>{{Cof genus | genus = Lutjanus | access-date = 18 June 2021}}</ref> The specific name is a compound of ''mono'' meaning "one" and ''stigma'' meaning "mark", a reference to the black spot located underneath the front dorsal fin rays, a feature obvious in juveniles but which fades in many adults.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = https://etyfish.org/lutjaniformes/ | title = Order LUTJANIFORMES: Families HAEMULIDAE and LUTJANIDAE | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1 = Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = and | date = 5 January 2021 | access-date = 18 June 2021 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | archive-date = 12 April 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210412135037/https://etyfish.org/lutjaniformes/ }}</ref>
==Description== ''Lutjanus monostigma''has a relatively deep body which has a standard length that is 2.6 to 3.0 times as long as the body at its deepest point. It has a gently sloped forehead, and the preopercular incision and knob are weakly developed. The vomerine teeth are arranged in a crescent shaped patch with no central rearwards extension and there are no teeth on the tongue.<ref name = FAO>{{cite book | author = Gerald R. Allen | year = 1985 | title = FAO species catalogue Vol.6. Snappers of the world An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date | page = 106 | publisher = FAO Rome | isbn = 92-5-102321-2 | url = http://www.fao.org/3/ac481e/ac481e28.pdf}}</ref> The dorsal fin has 10 spines and 13-14/soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 8-9 soft rays.<ref name = Fishbase/> The rear of the dorsal fin and the anal fin are rounded or quite angular. The pectoral fins have 15-17 rays and the caudal fin is truncate or weakly emarginate.<ref name = FAO/> This fish attains a maximum total length of {{cvt|60|cm}}, although {{cvt|50|cm}} is more typical.<ref name = Fishbase/> The overall colour is whitish to pink or grey with yellow fins and there is a black spot or blotch on the posterior of the body.<ref name = FofA>{{cite web | url = https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/562 | author = Dianne J. Bray | title = ''Lutjanus monostigma'' | work = Fishes of Australia | access-date = 19 June 2021 | publisher = Museums Victoria}}</ref> As the fish matures this spot shrinks and becomes more oblong in shape.<ref name = RLS>{{cite web | url = https://reeflifesurvey.com/species/lutjanus-monostigma/ | title = ''Lutjanus monostigma'' | access-date =18 June 2021 | publisher = Reef Life Survey}}</ref>
==Distribution and habitat== Lutjanus monostigma is widespread in the Indo-Pacific from the coast of eastern Africa where it is found from the Red Sea south to Sodwana Bay in South Africa. It is also found in the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean islands, south eastern Indian and Sri Lanka and from Southeast Asia east to the Marquesas and Line Islands, north to the Ryukyu Islands of southern Japan and south to Australia.<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /> Adults live in coral reef areas, usually close to caves and coral formations, at depths between 1 and 60 meters.<ref name=Fishbase/>
==Biology== thumb|220px|left|''Lutjanus monostigma'' ''Lutjanus monostigma'' is a nocturnal predator which feeds mainly on fishes, but on benthic crustaceans as well.<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /> They are typically solitary, but are sometimes encountered in small schools. Off Papua New Guinea half of the females were estimated to attain sexual maturity at a total length of {{cvt|32|cm}} and at 3 years of age. This medium sized snapper is estimated to have a maximum lifespan of 13 years.<ref name = FishIDER>{{cite web | url = https://fishider.org/en/guide/osteichthyes/lutjanidae/lutjanus/lutjanus-monostigma | title = ''Lutjanus monostigma'' | access-date = 18 June 2021 | publisher = FishIDER}}</ref>
==Fisheries and conservation== ''Lutjanus monostigma'' is an important fish for commercial fisheries in many areas where it is found, especially in Oceania. The fish landed are mainly sold as fresh fish and the fishing methods used are mainly handlines, traps and gillnets. This species is known to be ciguatoxic, particularly so in Tuvalu. The onespot snapper is a widespread species and it is thought to occur in many areas where there is low levels of fishing and in these areas it is still numerous, for these reasons the IUCN classify it as Least Concern.<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" />
==Bibliography== thumb|240px|right|Drawing of the one-spot snapper * Fenner, Robert M .: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, New Jersey, USA: TFH Publications, 2001. * Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, USA, 1997. * Hoese, D.F. 1986. A M. M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. * Mauge, L.A. 1986. J. Daget, JP Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). * Moyle, P. y J. Cech .: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, fourth Ed., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA: Prentice-Hall. 2000. * Nelson, J .: Fishes of the World, 3rd. edición. New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons. 1994. * Wheeler, A .: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, the second. Ed., London: Macdonald. 1985.
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== * [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?lin=s&p=has_linkout&id=396788 NCBI] * [http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Lutjanus_monostigma/classification/ Animal Diversity Web] * [https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=168864 ITIS] * {{sealifephotos|218474}}
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monostigma Category:Fish of the Indian Ocean Category:Fish of the Red Sea Category:Marine fish of East Africa Category:Fish described in 1828 Category:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier