{{Short description|Applied science}} {{Engineering side bar}} '''Nuclear engineering''' is the engineering discipline concerned with designing and applying systems that utilize the energy released by nuclear processes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nuclear engineering, going forward |url=https://www.ans.org/news/article-582/nuclear-engineering-going-forward/ |website=NuclearNewswire |publisher=American Nuclear Society |access-date=21 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nuclear Engineering |url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/nuclear-engineering |website=Britannica |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> The most prominent application of nuclear engineering is the generation of electricity. Worldwide, some 439 nuclear reactors in 31 countries generate 10 percent of the world's energy through nuclear fission.<ref name="WNA">{{cite web |title=Nuclear Power in the World Today |url=https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/nuclear-power-in-the-world-today.aspx |website=World Nuclear Association |access-date=6 April 2023}}</ref> In the future, it is expected that nuclear fusion will add another nuclear means of generating energy.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Thompson |first1=Jess |title=When Can We Expect Nuclear Fusion? |url=https://www.newsweek.com/nuclear-fusion-when-ready-electricity-technology-1773349 |access-date=6 April 2023 |publisher=Newsweek}}</ref> Both reactions make use of the nuclear binding energy released when atomic nucleons are either separated (fission) or brought together (fusion). The energy available is given by the binding energy curve, and the amount generated is much greater than that generated through chemical reactions. Fission of 1 gram of uranium yields as much energy as burning 3 tons of coal or 600 gallons of fuel oil,<ref>{{cite web |title=Nuclear Fission Energy |url=https://www2.lbl.gov/abc/wallchart/chapters/14/1.html |publisher=Lawrence Livermore |access-date=6 April 2023}}</ref> without adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nuclear power and the environment |url=https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/nuclear/nuclear-power-and-the-environment.php |website=EIA |publisher=U.S. Energy Information Administration |access-date=7 April 2023}}</ref>
==History== Nuclear engineering was born in 1938, with the discovery of nuclear fission.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Discovery of Fission |url=https://www.osti.gov/opennet/manhattan-project-history/Events/1890s-1939/discovery_fission.htm |website=The Manhattan Project: an interactive history |publisher=US Department of Energy |access-date=7 April 2023}}</ref> The first ''artificial'' nuclear reactor, CP-1, was designed by a team of physicists who were concerned that Nazi Germany might also be seeking to build a bomb based on nuclear fission. (The earliest known nuclear reaction on Earth occurred naturally, 1.7 billion years ago, in Oklo, Gabon, Africa.) The second artificial nuclear reactor, the X-10 Graphite Reactor, was also a part of the Manhattan Project, as were the plutonium-producing reactors of the Hanford Engineer Works.
The first nuclear reactor to generate electricity was Experimental Breeder Reactor I (EBR-I), which did so near Arco, Idaho, in 1951 on December 20.<ref name="INL">{{cite web |title=The World's First Nuclear Power Plant |url=https://inl.gov/experimental-breeder-reactor-i/ |website=Idaho National Engineering Laboratory |publisher=US Department of Energy |access-date=7 April 2023}}</ref> EBR-I was a standalone facility, not connected to a grid, but a later Idaho research reactor in the BORAX series did briefly supply power to the town of Arco in 1955.
The first commercial nuclear power plant, built to be connected to an electrical grid, is the Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, which began operation in 1954. The second is the Shippingport Atomic Power Station, which produced electricity in 1957.
For a chronology, from the discovery of uranium to the current era, see [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/outline-history-of-nuclear-energy.aspx Outline History of Nuclear Energy] or History of Nuclear Power. Also see [https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/features/history-of-nuclear-engineering-part-1-radioactivity/ History of Nuclear Engineering Part 1: Radioactivity], [https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/features/history-of-nuclear-engineering-part-2-building-the-bomb/ Part 2: Building the Bomb], and [https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/features/history-of-nuclear-engineering-part-3-atoms-for-peace/ Part 3: Atoms for Peace].
See List of Commercial Nuclear Reactors for a comprehensive listing of nuclear power reactors and [https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/WorldStatistics/OperationalReactorsByCountry.aspx IAEA Power Reactor Information System (PRIS)] for worldwide and country-level statistics on nuclear power generation.
==Sub-disciplines== Nuclear engineers work in such areas as the following:<ref name="Britannica">{{cite news |last1=Martin and Bornstein |title=Nuclear Engineering |url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/nuclear-engineering |access-date=6 April 2023 |publisher=Britannica}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prospects.ac.uk/job-profiles/nuclear-engineer|title=Nuclear engineer job profile {{!}} Prospects.ac.uk|website=www.prospects.ac.uk|access-date=2019-12-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What Nuclear Engineers Do |url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/nuclear-engineers.htm#tab-2 |website=Occupational Outlook Handbook |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> * Nuclear reactor design, which has evolved from the Generation I, proof-of concept, reactors of the 1950s and 1960s,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goldberg and Rosner |title=The History of Reactor Generations |url=https://www.amacad.org/publication/nuclear-reactors-generation-generation/section/5 |website=American Academy of Arts and Sciences |access-date=9 April 2023}}</ref> to Generation II, Generation III, and Generation IV concepts * Thermal hydraulics and heat transfer. In a typical nuclear power plant, heat generates steam that drives a steam turbine and an electric generator that produces electricity * Materials science as it relates to nuclear power applications * Managing the nuclear fuel cycle, in which fissile material is obtained, formed into fuel, removed when depleted, and safely stored or reprocessed * Nuclear propulsion, mainly for military naval vessels, but there have been concepts for aircraft and missiles. Nuclear power has been used in space since the 1960s * Plasma physics, which is integral to the development of fusion power * Weapons development and management * Generation of radionuclides, which have applications in industry, medicine, and many other areas * Nuclear waste management * Health physics * Nuclear medicine and Medical Physics * Health and safety * Instrumentation and control engineering * Process engineering * Project Management * Quality engineering * Reactor operations<ref>{{cite web |title=Operation and maintenance of nuclear power plants |url=https://www.iaea.org/topics/operation-and-maintenance |website=IAEA |date=13 April 2016 |access-date=9 April 2023}}</ref> * Nuclear security (detection of clandestine nuclear materials)<ref>{{cite web |title=Environmental Detection of Clandestine Nuclear Weapon Programs |url=https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/105171/Environmental%20Detection%20of%20Clandestine%20Nuclear%20Weapon%20Programs%20-%20Final%20Manuscript%20%282%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |publisher=MIT |access-date=21 April 2023}}</ref> * Nuclear engineering even has a role in criminal investigation,<ref>{{cite web |title=Nuclear Techniques Help to Solve Crimes |url=https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/nuclear-techniques-help-solve-crimes |website=EIA |date=23 December 2003 |access-date=7 April 2023}}</ref> and agriculture.<ref name="Energy">{{cite web |title=5 Incredible Ways Nuclear Powers Our Lives |url=https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/5-incredible-ways-nuclear-powers-our-lives |website=Energy.gov |publisher=US Department of Energy |access-date=6 April 2023}}</ref>
Many chemical, electrical and mechanical and other types of engineers also work in the nuclear industry, as do many scientists and support staff. In the U.S., nearly 100,000 people directly work in the nuclear industry. Including secondary sector jobs, the number of people supported by the U.S. nuclear industry is 475,000.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jobs |url=https://www.nei.org/advantages/jobs |website=NEI |access-date=9 April 2023}}</ref>
==Employment== In the United States, nuclear engineers are employed as follows:<ref>{{cite journal |title=Nuclear engineering workforce in the United States |year=2022 |pmc=9880971 |last1=Townsend |first1=L. W. |last2=Brady |first2=L. |last3=Lindegard |first3=J. |last4=Hall |first4=H. L. |last5=McAndrew-Benavides |first5=E. |last6=Poston |first6=J. W. |journal=Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics |volume=23 |issue=Suppl 1 |article-number=e13808 |doi=10.1002/acm2.13808 |pmid=36305037 }}</ref> * Electric power generation 25% * Federal government 18% * Scientific research and development 15% * Engineering services 5% * Manufacturing 10% * Other areas 27%
Job prospects for nuclear engineers worldwide are not available, but the IAEA estimates that nuclear energy capacity will grow by 40% (an additional 514 GW(e) ) to 2.5 times current capacity (an additional 950 GW(e)) by 2050.<ref>{{cite web |title=Energy, Electricity and Nuclear Power Estimates for the Period up to 2050 |url=https://www.iaea.org/publications/15756/energy-electricity-and-nuclear-power-estimates-for-the-period-up-to-2050 |website=IAEA |publisher=IAEA |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> Countries with existing nuclear energy capacity and those actively exploring nuclear energy are listed in the following.{{citation needed|date=July 2025}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Country !! Nuclear capabilities |- |Algeria || See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries]. |- |Argentina || See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/argentina.aspx Nuclear Power in Argentina.] |- |Armenia || See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/armenia.aspx Nuclear Power in Armenia]. |- |Australia || See nuclear sector and [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/australia.aspx Australia's Uranium]. |- |Austria|| "Austria operates one central radioactive waste management and interim storage facility – Nuclear Engineering Seibersdorf GmbH (NES) for pre-disposal management including treatment, conditioning and interim storage of low- and intermediate level radioactive waste (LILW)."<ref>{{cite web |title=Austria JRC Report |url=https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/austria-national-report.pdf |website=IAEA |access-date=10 April 2023}}</ref> Nuclear Engineering Seibersdorf GmbH (NES) collects, processes, conditions, and stores radioactive waste and does decontamination and decommissioning of nuclear facilities for the Republic of Austria.<ref>{{cite web |title=Experience Creates Safety |url=https://www.nes.at/en/ |website=Nuclear Engineering Siebersdorf |access-date=10 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Azerbaijan || See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries]. |- |Bangladesh || See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/bangladesh.aspx WNA:Bangladesh] and Nuclear Power in Bangladesh. |- |Belarus || See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/belarus.aspx WNA:Belarus] and Nuclear Power in Belarus. |- |Belgium || See Nuclear Power in Belgium and nuclear sector. |- |Bolivia || See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Botswana || See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/uranium-in-africa.aspx WNA: Uranium in Africa] and Uranium in Africa. |- |Brazil || See nuclear sector and Nuclear Power in Brazil. |- |Bulgaria || See nuclear sector and Nuclear Power in Bulgaria. |- |Burundi || See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Cambodia || See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Canada || [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/canada-nuclear-power.aspx WNA: Nuclear Power in Canada], nuclear sector, and Nuclear Power in Canada. |- |Central African Republic || See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/uranium-in-africa.aspx WNA: Uranium in Africa] and Uranium in Africa. |- |Chile || See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |China || See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/china-nuclear-power.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in China], and Nuclear Power in China. |- |Congo, Democratic Republic || See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/uranium-in-africa.aspx WNA: Uranium in Africa] and Uranium in Africa. |- |Croatia || See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/slovenia.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Slovenia] and Nuclear Power in Croatia. |- |Czech Republic || See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/czech-republic.aspx WNA: Nuclear Power in Czech Republic] and Nuclear Power in the Czech Republic. |- |Cuba||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Denmark||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/denmark.aspx WNA:Nuclear Energy in Denmark] and Nuclear Power in Denmark. |- |Ecuador||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Egypt||See [https://world-nuclear.org/press/press-statements/start-of-construction-of-egypt-s-first-nuclear-pow.aspx Start of construction of Egypt's first nuclear power plant] and El Dabaa Nuclear Power Plant. |- |Equatorial Guinea|| See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/uranium-in-africa.aspx WNA: Uranium in Africa] and Uranium in Africa. |- |Estonia||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Ethiopia||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Finland||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/finland.aspx WPA:Nuclear Power in Finland] and Nuclear Power in Finland. |- |France||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/france.aspx WPA:Nuclear Power in France] and Nuclear Power in France. |- |Gabon||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/uranium-in-africa.aspx WNA: Uranium in Africa] and Uranium in Africa. |- |Georgia||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Germany||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/germany.aspx WPA:Nuclear Power in Germany] and Nuclear Power in Germany. |- |Ghana||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Greece||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Guinea||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/uranium-in-africa.aspx WNA: Uranium in Africa] and Uranium in Africa |- |Guyana||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Hungary||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/hungary.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Hungary] and Nuclear Power in Hungary. |- |India||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/india.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in India] and Nuclear Power in India. |- |Indonesia||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/indonesia.aspx WNPA:Nuclear Power in Indonesia] and Nuclear Power in Indonesia. |- |Iran||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/iran.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Iran] and Nuclear Power in Iran. |- |Israel||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Italy||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/italy.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Italy] and Nuclear Power in Italy. |- |Japan|| See [https://world-nuclear.org/focus/fukushima-daiichi-accident/japan-nuclear-power.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Japan] and Nuclear Power in Japan. |- |Jordan||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/jordan.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Jordan] and Nuclear Power in Jordan. |- |Kazakhstan || See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/kazakhstan.aspx WNA:Uranium and Nuclear Power in Kazakhstan] and Nuclear Power in Kazakhstan. |- |Kenya|| See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Korea, North||See Nuclear power in North Korea. |- |Korea, South||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/south-korea.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in South Korea] and Nuclear Power in South Korea. |- |Kyrgyzstan|| See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/kyrgyzstan.aspx WNA:Uranium in Kyrgyzstan]. |- |Laos||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Latvia||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Lithuania|| See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/lithuania.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Lithuania] and Nuclear Power in Lithuania. |- |Malawi|| See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/uranium-in-africa.aspx WNA: Uranium in Africa] and Uranium in Africa. |- |Malaysia||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Mali||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Mauritania||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Mexico|| See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/mexico.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Mexico] and Nuclear Power in Mexico. |- |Mongolia||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/mongolia.aspx WNA:Uranium in Mongolia]. |- |Morocco||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/uranium-in-africa.aspx WNA: Uranium in Africa] and Uranium in Africa. |- |Myanmar||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Namibia||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/namibia.aspx WNA:Uranium in Namibia]. |- |Netherlands||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/netherlands.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in the Netherlands] and Nuclear Power in the Netherlands. |- |New Zealand||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/new-zealand.aspx WNA:Nuclear Energy Prospects in New Zealand]. |- |Niger||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/niger.aspx WNA:Uranium in Niger]. |- |Nigeria||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Norway||See Nuclear power in Norway. |- |Oman||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Pakistan||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/pakistan.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Pakistan] and Nuclear Power in Pakistan. |- |Paraguay||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Peru||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Philippines||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Poland||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/poland.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Poland] and Nuclear Power in Poland. |- |Romania||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/romania.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Romania] and Nuclear Power in Romania. |- |Russia||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/russia-nuclear-power.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Russia] and Nuclear Power in Russia. |- |Rwanda||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Saudi Arabia||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/saudi-arabia.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Saudi Arabia] and Nuclear Power in Saudi Arabia. |- |Senegal||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/uranium-in-africa.aspx WNA: Uranium in Africa] and Uranium in Africa. |- |Serbia||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Singapore||[https://nextrendsasia.org/singapore-is-considering-the-nuclear-option-for-its-energy-transition-again/again. See Singapore is considering the nuclear option for its energy transition... again.] |- |Slovakia||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/slovakia.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Slovakia] and Nuclear Power in Slovakia. |- |Slovenia||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/slovenia.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Slovenia] and Nuclear Power in Slovenia. |- |South Africa||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/south-africa.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in South Africa] and Nuclear Power in South Africa. |- |Spain||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/spain.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Spain] and Nuclear Power in Spain. |- |Sri Lanka||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Sudan||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Sweden||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/sweden.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Sweden] and Nuclear Power in Sweden. |- |Switzerland||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/switzerland.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Switzerland] and Nuclear Power in Switzerland. |- |Syria||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Taiwan||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/nuclear-power-in-taiwan.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Taiwan] and Nuclear Power in Taiwan. |- |Tajikistan||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-t-z/tajikistan.aspx WNA:Uranium in Tajikistan]. |- |Tanzania||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/uranium-in-africa.aspx WNA:Uranium in Africa]. |- |Thailand || See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Tunisia||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Turkey||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-t-z/turkey.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Turkey] and Nuclear Power in Turkey. |- |Uganda||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Ukraine||See [https://world-nuclear.org/ukraine-information/ukraine.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Ukraine] and Nuclear Power in Ukraine |- |United Arab Emirates||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-t-z/united-arab-emirates.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in the United Arab Emirates] and Nuclear Power in the United Arab Emirates. |- |United Kingdom||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-t-z/united-kingdom.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in the United Kingdom] and Nuclear Power in the United Kingdom. |- |United States||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-t-z/usa-nuclear-power.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in the USA] and Nuclear Power in the USA. |- |Uzbekistan ||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-t-z/uzbekistan.aspx WNA:Uranium in Uzbekistan]. |- |Venezuela||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Vietnam||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-t-z/vietnam.aspx WNA:Nuclear Power in Vietnam] and Nuclear Power in Vietnam. |- |Yemen||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Zambia||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/emerging-nuclear-energy-countries.aspx Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries.] |- |Zimbabwe||See [https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/uranium-in-africa.aspx WNA:Uranium in Africa]. |}
==Education== Organizations that provide study and training in nuclear engineering include the following: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Region/Country !! Schools and Training |- |Africa|| The IAEA has 45 Member States in Africa. "The IAEA's technical cooperation (TC) programme is the main mechanism for assisting Member States in the peaceful, safe and secure application of nuclear science and technology."<ref>{{cite web |title=IAEA Technical Cooperation in Africa |url=https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/20/01/tc-africa-2018.pdf |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> Education in nuclear and radiation safety is a component. |- |Argentina||[https://www.unraf.edu.ar] |- |Armenia||IAEA Technical Communication Program.<ref>{{cite web |title=IAEA Technical Communication Program |url=https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/documents/tc/ARM0006.pdf |website=IAEA |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Asia||Asian Network for Education in Nuclear Technology (ANENT).<ref>{{cite web |title=IAEA Banner Asian Network for Education in Nuclear Technology (ANENT) |url=https://www.iaea.org/services/networks/anent |website=IAEA |date=18 April 2019 |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Australia||UNSW Nuclear Engineering.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nuclear Engineering Help create the technologies of the future |url=https://www.unsw.edu.au/engineering/study-with-us/study-areas/nuclear-engineering |website=UNSW Sydney |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Austria||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Austria |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/austria_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Bangladesh||University of Dhaka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Department of Nuclear Engineering |url=https://du.ac.bd/undergrad/NED |website=University of Dhaka |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Belarus||Belarusian State University.<ref>{{cite web |title=Department of Nuclear Physics |url=https://bsu.by/en/structure/faculties/kafedry/kafedra-yadernoy-fiziki-d |website=Belarusian University |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Belgium||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Belgium |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/belgium_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Brazil||[https://www.coppe.ufrj.br/en/node/4178 COPPE UFRJ]. |- |Brunei||See https://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publications/pdf/pub1626web-52229977.pdf |- |Bulgaria||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bulgaria |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/bulgaria_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Cambodia||See https://www.khmertimeskh.com/50896212/pride-of-cambodia-students-graduate-with-degrees-in-civil-nuclear-science/. |- |Canada|| See [https://www.canadian-universities.net/Universities/Programs/Nuclear_Engineering.html Canadian-Universities.net]. |- |Chile||[https://uchile.cl] |- |China||[https://english.hrbeu.edu.cn/School/Schools_A_Z/College_of_Nuclear_Science_and_Technology.htm Harbin Engineering University] and Harbin Engineering University.
[https://english.ncepu.edu.cn/xygk/29667.html North China Electric Power University] and North China Electric Power University.
[https://fbe.yildiz.edu.tr/images/files/TUNEM%202018%20Bilgi%20Notu%20(ENG).pdf Tsinghua University] and Tsinghua University. |- |Croatia||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Croatia |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/croatia_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Cyprus||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cyprus |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/cyprus_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Czech Republic||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Czech Republic |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/czech-republic_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Denmark||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Denmark |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/denmark_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Estonia||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Estonia |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/estonia_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Finland||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Finland |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/finland_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |France||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=France |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/france_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Germany||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Germany |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/germany_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Greece||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Greece |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/greece_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Hungary||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hungary |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/hungary_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |IAEA||STAR-NET: Regional Network for Education and Training in Nuclear Technology, https://www.star-net.online/en/?page_id=16, universities: National Polytechnic University of Armenia Republic of Armenia
Baku State University, Republic of Azerbaijan
Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, Republic of Belarus
Belarusian National Technical University, Republic of Belarus
Belarusian State University, Republic of Belarus
L.N. Gumilev Eurasian National University, Republic of Kazakhstan
Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan State University, Republic of Kazakhstan
D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University (EKTU), Republic of Kazakhstan
AGH University of Science and Technology (Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie), Republic of Poland
National Research Nuclear University «MEPhI», Russian Federation
Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R.E. Alekseev, Russian Federation
The National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russian Federation
Odessa National Polytechnic University (OPNU), Ukraine
Samarkand State University, Republic of Uzbekistan
The IAEA also provides guidance for nuclear engineering curricula: https://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publications/pdf/pub1626web-52229977.pdf |- |India||https://www.iitk.ac.in/net/ and IIT Kanpur. |- |Indonesia||See https://tf.ugm.ac.id/2014/04/19/developing-nuclear-education-in-indonesia/ |- |Iran||13 atomic energy primary schools /high schools, more schools being built,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-02 |title=۱۳ مدرسه اتمی در کشور داریم/ برنامه ریزی برای احداث مدارس جدید |url=https://www.ilna.ir/بخش-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C-5/1382906-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=خبرگزاری ایلنا |language=fa}}</ref>Isfahan University of Technology,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-22 |title=طرح محققان دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان در بزرگترین پروژه علمی دنیا پذیرفته شد |url=https://www.imna.ir/news/456879/طرح-محققان-دانشگاه-صنعتی-اصفهان-در-بزرگترین-پروژه-علمی-دنیا-پذیرفته |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=ایمنا |language=fa}}</ref> See https://www.nti.org/education-center/facilities/amir-kabir-university-of-technology-2/ |- |Ireland||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ireland |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/ireland_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Israel||See https://in.bgu.ac.il/en/engn/nuclear/Pages/default.aspx |- |Italy||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Italy |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/italy_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Japan||https://www.ne.t.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en https://www.nuclear.sci.waseda.ac.jp/index_en.html |- |Jordan||https://www.just.edu.jo/FacultiesandDepartments/FacultyofEngineering/Departments/NuclearEngineering/Pages/Nuclear%20Engineering.aspx |- |Latin America||Latin American Network for Education in Nuclear Technology (LANENT) https://www.iaea.org/services/networks/lanent |- |Latvia||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Latvia |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/latvia_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Lithuania||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lithuania |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/lithuania_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Luxembourg||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Luxembourg |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/luxembourg_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Malaysia||Universiti Teknologi Malaysia<ref>{{cite web|title=BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (NUCLEAR)|url=https://fkt.utm.my/bachelor-of-nuclear-engineering-2/|website=UTM Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering|date=7 June 2017 |access-date=19 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)|url=https://www2.mqa.gov.my/mqr/english/eiptaKPList.cfm?IDAkrIPTS=261|website=Malaysian Qualifications Register|access-date=19 May 2023}}</ref> |- |Malta||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malta |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/malta_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Mexico||https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/41/133/41133846.pdf |- |Netherlands||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Netherlands |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/netherlands_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |New Zealand||https://www.auckland.ac.nz/ |- |Norway||https://www.ntnu.edu/ |- |Pakistan||National University of Pakistan{{citation needed|date=August 2025}} |- |Philippines||https://ansn.iaea.org/Common/topics/OpenTopic.aspx?ID=13280 |- |Poland||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Poland |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/poland_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Portugal||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Portugal |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/portugal_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Romania||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Romania |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/romania_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Russia||https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Research_Nuclear_University_MEPhI_(Moscow_Engineering_Physics_Institute) https://tpu.ru/en/about/department_links_and_administration/department/view/?id=7863 |- |Saudi Arabia||https://ne.kau.edu.sa/Default-135008-EN |- |Serbia||https://www.bg.ac.rs/en/members/institutes/Vinca.php |- |Slovakia||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Slovakia |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/slovakia_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Slovenia||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Slovenia |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/slovenia_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |South Korea||TBA |- |Spain||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Spain |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/spain_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Sweden||EU Science Hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sweden |url=https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/ehro-n/member-states-info/sweden_en |website=EU |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref> |- |Switzerland||https://ethz.ch/en/studies/master/degree-programmes/engineering-sciences/nuclear-engineering.html |- |Taiwan||https://www.studyintaiwan.org/university/program/2565 |- |Thailand||https://www.eng.chula.ac.th/en/department/department-of-nuclear-technology |- |Turkey||https://nuke.hacettepe.edu.tr/en/department-69 http://nukbilimler.ankara.edu.tr/en/nuclear-research-and-technologies-department/ http://www.nuce.boun.edu.tr/ |- |Ukraine||https://www.uatom.org/en/training-of-nuclear-specialists |- |United Arab Emirates||https://www.ku.ac.ae/academics/college-of-engineering/department/department-of-nuclear-engineering#about |- |United Kingdom<ref>{{cite web |title=Universities |url=https://www.nuclearinst.com/Universities |website=The Nuclear Institute |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref>|| University of Birmingham
University of Central Lancashire
Defence Academy of the United Kingdom
[https://www.ntec.ac.uk/ Nuclear Technology Education Consortium (NTEC)]
University of the West of Scotland |- |United States<ref>{{cite web |title=Nuclear Engineering Department Heads |url=https://nedho.org/members |website=NEDHO |access-date=19 April 2023}}</ref>|| Air Force Institute of Technology
Georgia Institute of Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Missouri University of Science and Technology
North Carolina State University
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
South Carolina State University
United States Military Academy at West Point
University of California, Berkeley
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
University of Massachusetts Lowell
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Virginia Commonwealth University
==Organizations== * American Nuclear Society * Asian Network for Education in Nuclear Technology (ANENT) https://www.iaea.org/services/networks/anent * Canadian Nuclear Association * Chinese Nuclear Society * International Atomic Energy Agency * International Energy Agency (IEA) * Japan Atomic Industrial Forum (JAIF) * Korea Nuclear Energy Agency (KNEA) * Latin American Network for Education in Nuclear Technology (LANENT) https://www.iaea.org/services/networks/lanent * Minerals Council of Australia * Nucleareurope * Nuclear Institute * Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) * Nuclear Industry Association of South Africa (NIASA) * Nuclear Technology Education Consortion https://www.ntec.ac.uk/ * OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) * Regional Network for Education and Training in Nuclear Technology (STAR-NET) https://www.iaea.org/services/networks/star-net * World Nuclear Association * World Nuclear Transport Institute
==See also== {{Portal|Engineering}} {{div col|colwidth=18em}} * Atomic physics * Chernobyl nuclear disaster * Fukushima nuclear disaster * International Nuclear Event Scale * List of books about nuclear issues * Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents * List of nuclear science journals * List of nuclear reactors * List of nuclear power stations * Nuclear energy policy * Nuclear fuel * Nuclear criticality safety * Nuclear material * Nuclear physics * Nuclear power * Nuclear reactor technology * Nuclear renaissance * Safety engineering * Thermal hydraulics * Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
{{div col end}}
==References== {{reflist}}
==Further reading== * Ash, Milton, "Nuclear reactor kinetics", McGraw-Hill, (1965) * Cravens, Gwyneth. ''Power to Save the World'' (2007) * Gowing, Margaret. ''Britain and Atomic Energy, 1939–1945'' (1964). * Gowing, Margaret, and Lorna Arnold. ''Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, Vol. I: Policy Making, 1945–52''; ''Vol. II: Policy Execution, 1945–52'' (London, 1974) * Johnston, Sean F. "Creating a Canadian Profession: The Nuclear Engineer, 1940–68," ''Canadian Journal of History,'' Winter 2009, Vol. 44 Issue 3, pp 435–466 * Johnston, Sean F. "Implanting a discipline: the academic trajectory of nuclear engineering in the USA and UK," ''Minerva,'' 47 (2009), pp. 51–73
==External links== {{Wikibooks}} * [http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/nuc_generation/gensum.html Electric Generation from Commercial Nuclear Power] * [http://www.nuke.hacettepe.edu.tr Hacettepe University Department of Nuclear Engineering] * [http://www.neimagazine.com/ Nuclear Engineering International magazine] * [http://nuclearsafety.info/resources Nuclear Safety Info Resources] * [http://www.ans.org/pubs/journals/nse/ Nuclear Science and Engineering technical journal] * [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/stni/ Science and Technology of Nuclear Installation Open-Access Journal]
{{Engineering fields}} {{Nuclear technology}} {{Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nuclear Engineering}} Nuclear Engineers Category:Engineering disciplines Category:Nuclear technology Category:Engineering