{{short description|Chemical compound}} {{Drugbox | Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 444347219 | IUPAC_name = 1-(5-Nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)imidazolidin-2-one | image = Niridazole.svg | image_class = skin-invert-image
<!--Clinical data--> | tradename = | MedlinePlus = a682128 | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_category = | legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled--> | legal_CA = <!-- Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> | legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C --> | legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V --> | legal_status = | routes_of_administration =
<!--Pharmacokinetic data--> | bioavailability = | protein_bound = | metabolism = | elimination_half-life = | excretion =
<!--Identifiers--> | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} | CAS_number = 61-57-4 | ATC_prefix = P02 | ATC_suffix = BX02 | PubChem = 6093 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = N116U8Y5QQ | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG = D05170 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 5868
<!--Chemical data--> | chemical_formula = | C=6 | H=6 | N=4 | O=3 | S=1 | smiles = C1CN(C(=O)N1)C2=NC=C(S2)[N+](=O)[O-] | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C6H6N4O3S/c11-5-7-1-2-9(5)6-8-3-4(14-6)10(12)13/h3H,1-2H2,(H,7,11) | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = RDXLYGJSWZYTFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N }}
'''Niridazole''' is a schistosomicide.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tracy JW, Catto BA, Webster LT | title = Reductive metabolism of niridazole by adult Schistosoma mansoni. Correlation with covalent drug binding to parasite macromolecules | journal = Molecular Pharmacology | volume = 24 | issue = 2 | pages = 291–9 | date = September 1983 | pmid = 6193406 }}</ref> It is used to treat schistosomiasis, the helmintic disease caused by certain flatworms (trematodes) from the genus ''Schistosoma'' (formerly ''Bilharzia''). It is also known by its trade name '''Ambilhar'''. It is usually given as tablets.
Niridazole has central nervous system toxicity and can cause dangerous side effects, such as hallucinations.<ref>[https://www.nlm.nih.gov/toxnet/index.html Toxicology Data Network – Niridazole]</ref> Also, it may cause allergic reactions in sensitive people. However, it is one of the most effective schistosomicide drugs.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Katz N | title = Clinical evaluation of niridazole and hycanthone in schistosomiasis mansoni endemic areas | journal = Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 203–9 | date = November 1975 | pmid = 1107578 | doi = 10.1080/15287397509529322 | bibcode = 1975JTEHA...1..203K }}</ref>
It has recently also been investigated for use in the treatment of periodontitis.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Barat R, Srinatha A, Pandit JK, Mittal N, Anupurba S | title = Ethylcellulose inserts of an orphan drug for periodontitis: preparation, in vitro, and clinical studies | journal = Drug Delivery | volume = 14 | issue = 8 | pages = 531–8 | date = November 2007 | pmid = 18027183 | doi = 10.1080/10717540701606517 | doi-access = }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Barat R, Srinatha A, Pandit JK, Ridhurkar D, Balasubramaniam J, Mittal N, Mishra DN | title = Niridazole biodegradable inserts for local long-term treatment of periodontitis: possible new life for an orphan drug | journal = Drug Delivery | volume = 13 | issue = 5 | pages = 365–73 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16877312 | doi = 10.1080/10717540500398126 | s2cid = 31987972 }}</ref> __TOC__ == Mechanism of action == Niridazole is rapidly concentrated in the parasite and inhibits oogenesis and spermatogenesis. The compound also inhibits the phosphofructokinase enzyme, leading to glycogen depletion and hepatic shift.{{cn|date=December 2022}}
== References == {{reflist}}
{{Anthelmintics}}
Category:Antiparasitic agents Category:IARC Group 2B carcinogens Category:Imidazolidinones Category:Nitrothiazoles