{{Short description|Russian daily newspaper}} {{Infobox newspaper | name = {{Lang|ru-latn|Nezavisimaya Gazeta}} | motto = ''Sine ira et studio'' | image = Nezavisimaya Gazeta.png | image_size = 250px | caption = Front page on 30 December 2010 | type = Daily newspaper | format = A2 per spread | founded = 21 December 1990 | owners = Konstantin Remchukov and Elena Remchukova | political_position = | headquarters = Moscow, Russia | editor = Konstantin Remchukov | website = [http://www.ng.ru/ ng.ru] | circulation = 40,000 }} '''{{Lang|ru-latn|Nezavisimaya Gazeta}}''' ({{lang-rus|Независимая газета|p=nʲɪzɐˈvʲisʲɪməjə ɡɐˈzʲetə|t=Independent Newspaper}}) is a Russian daily newspaper.
==History and profile==
=== Soviet Union === {{Lang|ru-latn|Nezavisimaya Gazeta}} was established by the Moscow Soviet in August 1990. Its first editor was Vitaly Tretyakov, a former contributor ''Moskovskiye Novosti'', who intended to create an independent and objective newspaper similar to ''Le Monde'' and ''The Independent''. Its first issue was printed by the printing machine of ''Izvestia'' and published on 21 December 1990, selling 150.000 copies; additional 100.000 copies were published in French and sold as a supplement to the ''Courrier International''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 1990 |title="NEZAVISIMAYA GAZETA": THE FIRST ISSUE TURNED OUT TO BE GOOD |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/266939 |website=Vlast |language=ru}}</ref>
The paper opposed the 1991 Soviet coup attempt and was briefly shut down by the State Committee on the State of Emergency. In response, journalists from Nezavisimaya Gazeta, alongside their colleagues from the main banned Russian newspapers, aided in published the illegal opposition samizdat ''Obshchaya Gazeta''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gitman |first=Sergey |date=20 August 1991 |title=Three Days in Moscow |url=http://1991.lenta.ru/1991/08/20/ |website=Lenta.Ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sokolov |first=Maxim |date=26 August 1991 |title=How was Obshchaya Gazeta published? |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/603 |website=Vlast |language=ru}}</ref>
=== Post-Soviet era ===
==== Independent line ==== After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, ''Nezavisimaya Gazeta'' became one of the most important daily newspapers in the early post-Soviet period,<ref name="Zasurskiĭ2004">{{cite book|author=Ivan Zasurskiĭ|title=Media and Power in Post-Soviet Russia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5isu0htKwDkC&pg=PA35|year=2004|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-0-7656-0863-5|page=35}}</ref> when it was seen as close to the opinion of the Moscow intelligentsia.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Clarke|first1=Renfrey|title=Renfrey Clarke: "Russia Faces Financial Meltdown"|url=http://www.cdi.org/mailing/russia/0000.html|access-date=24 April 2017|publisher=Johnson's Russia List Archive|date=31 October 1996|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961031144837/http://www.cdi.org/mailing/russia/0000.html|archive-date=31 October 1996}}</ref> In 1992, part of the staff left the paper due to disagreements with Tretyakov and established ''Segodnya''.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}
The Moscow Soviet was dissolved following the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, and the paper was privatized and sold to its editorial board. It was temporarily closed for four months in 1995.<ref name="lau">{{cite journal|author=Laura Belin|title=The Russian Media in the 1990s|journal=Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics|date=2002|volume=18|issue=1|doi=10.1080/13523270209696371|pages=139–160|s2cid=153702113 }}</ref>
==== Berezovksy era ==== In 1995, ''Nezavisimaya Gazeta'' was bought by Russian oligarch Boris Berezovsky and became part of its media empire alongside daily ''Novye Izvestia'', magazine ''Ogoniok'' and TV channels ORT and TV-6. Tretyakov was dismissed by Berezovsky in 2001 and replaced by Tatyana Koshkareva.<ref name="lau" />
==== Remchukov era ==== In 2005, following Berezovsky's political and economical disgrace, {{Lang|ru-latn|Nezavisimaya Gazeta}} was bought by Konstantin Remchukov, who became the new editor-in-chief, and his wife Yelena. The paper remained mildly critical of the Putin administration: for example, it criticized the Kremlin's tightening control over the Central Election Commission and the Russian Academy of Science and in 2014 it was openly critical towards the annexation of Crimea by the Russia Federation.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Nezavisimaya Gazeta' Is Worth Watching Again|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1078496.html|access-date=2021-12-15|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-03-12|title=Ukraine crisis: Russians opposed to Putin|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26531310|access-date=2021-12-15}}</ref> Nevertheless, {{Lang|ru-latn|Nezavisimaya Gazeta}} is much more moderate towards the Russian government than radical opposition publications, such as {{Lang|ru-latn|Novaya Gazeta}} and ''Meduza''.
Information ranging from a wide variety of sources, such as reporters, political scientists, historians, art historians, as well as critics is published in the newspaper. The newspaper also offers eight supplements and covers the issues of politics, society, culture and art.
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *{{official website|http://www.ng.ru/}} {{in lang|ru}} *{{commons-inline}} {{Portal bar|Journalism}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nezavisimaya Gazeta}} Category:Newspapers established in 1990 Category:Russian-language newspapers published in Russia Category:Newspapers published in Moscow
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