{{Short description|Delimitation of voting districts}} [[File:Nesting example.svg|thumb|300px|Example of nested districts in the Wyoming Legislature. The city of Rock Springs is split into northern and southern State House districts, which combine into a single State Senate district.]] {{elections}}
'''Nesting''' is the delimitation of voting districts for one elected body in order to define the voting districts for another body.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bdBsm4YL9h4C&pg=PA30| title= Reapportionment and Redistricting in the West |editor-first= Gary F. |editor-last=Moncrief |page=30| year=2011| publisher=Lexington Books| first= Justin| last=Levitt|author-link=Justin Levitt | isbn= 978-0-7391-6761-8 }}</ref>
The major concerns of nesting are that it may impede the creation of majority-minority districts, and that it may cause cities or other communities of interest to be split into different voting districts and therefore dilute their votes.
==By country==
===Fiji=== Under the 1970 constitution, Fiji had ten National constituencies. Each of them elected one indigenous Fijian member and one Indo-Fijian member on its own, but two national constituencies were nested into one for the election of General electors' representatives.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/fio1970acof403/|title=Fiji Independence Order 1970 and Constitution of Fiji}}</ref>
=== Poland === {{See also|Electoral districts of Poland}}
Electoral districts for the Parliament of Poland are nested, with each of the multi-member Sejm districts split into two or three single-member Senate districts (except for Sejm Constituency no. 12 which is a single Senate district).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dz.U. 2001 nr 46 poz. 499 - Art. 191 |url=https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20010460499 |website=ISAP}}</ref>
===United Kingdom=== The Scottish Parliament and Senedd Cymru are elected using an Additional member system, combining single-member constituencies with a party-list component chosen to ensure overall proportional representation across the chamber. To elect this proportional component, single-member constituencies are nested together within larger multi-member regions. In addition, the single-member constituencies in the Senedd are identical to those used for the UK House of Commons; this was also the case in Scotland until the Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies.
===United States=== thumb|{{Legend|#008000|Law requires nesting of state house districts in state senate districts}}{{Legend|#00FF00|Law suggests nesting of state house districts in state senate districts}}{{Legend|#FFFF00|even ratios of state house to state senate districts but no legal provision for nesting}}{{Legend|#00FFFF|has uneven lower-upper house legislative ratio but legally encourages nesting between both as well as with congressional districts}}
The US states which have nesting in their state legislatures (with the ratio of lower house to upper): {{colbegin}} * Alaska (2/1)<ref>[http://redistricting.lls.edu/states-AK.php All about Redistricting - Alaska]</ref> * Arizona (2/1)<ref>[http://redistricting.lls.edu/states-AZ.php All about Redistricting - Arizona]</ref> (districts are identical) * Illinois (2/1)<ref>Illinois Constitution Article IV, Section 2(b) http://www.ilga.gov/commission/lrb/con4.htm</ref> * Iowa (2/1)<ref>[http://redistricting.lls.edu/states-IA.php All about Redistricting - Iowa]</ref> * Maryland (3/1)<ref>[http://redistricting.lls.edu/states-MD.php All about Redistricting -Maryland]</ref> (29 of 47 districts are identical) * Minnesota (2/1)<ref>[http://redistricting.lls.edu/states-MN.php All about Redistricting - Minnesota]</ref> * Montana (2/1)<ref>[http://redistricting.lls.edu/states-MT.php All about Redistricting -Montana]</ref> * New Jersey (2/1)<ref>[http://redistricting.lls.edu/states-NJ.php All about Redistricting - New Jersey]</ref> (districts are identical) * North Dakota (2/1)<ref>[http://redistricting.lls.edu/states-ND.php All about Redistricting - North Dakota]</ref> (46 of 47 districts are identical) * Ohio (3/1)<ref>[http://redistricting.lls.edu/states-OH.php All about Redistricting - Ohio]</ref> * Oregon (2/1)<ref>[http://redistricting.lls.edu/states-OR.php All about Redistricting - Oregon]</ref> * South Dakota (2/1)<ref>[http://redistricting.lls.edu/states-SD.php All about Redistricting - South Dakota]</ref> (33 of 35 districts are identical) * Washington (2/1)<ref>[http://redistricting.lls.edu/states-WA.php All about Redistricting - Washington]</ref> (districts are identical) * Wisconsin (3/1)<ref>[http://redistricting.lls.edu/states-WI.php All about Redistricting -Wisconsin]</ref> {{colend}}
In addition there are four states with exact ratios (California, Hawaii{{Dubious|Ratio of numb. of representatives for lower to upper chamber in state legislatures of Hawaii and New York|date=August 2025}}, New York{{Dubious|Ratio of numb. of representatives for lower to upper chamber in state legislatures of Hawaii and New York|date=August 2025}}, and Wyoming) that encourage, but do not require, nesting of legislative districts.<ref>[https://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/analysis/4%20Where%20the%20Lines%20are%20Drawn.pdf Where the lines are drawn] by the Brennan Center for Justice</ref> Two other states with uneven lower-upper house ratios (Rhode Island and Utah) encourage nesting between legislative and congressional districts. Five other states (Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Nevada and Tennessee) have a lower-to-upper house seat ratio of either 2:1 or 3:1, but do not feature nesting in their laws on redistricting.
==References== {{reflist|30em}}
==Further reading== *{{cite web|url=http://statewidedatabase.org/resources/redistricting_research/Nesting_&_Redistricting.pdf| title= The Implications of Nesting in California Redistricting| date=August 2007| publisher=Institute of Governmental Studies| first1=Bruce E. |last1=Cain |first2=Karin |last2=Mac Donald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919211128/http://swdb.berkeley.edu/resources/redistricting_research/Nesting_%26_Redistricting.pdf| archive-date=2008-09-19 |url-status=live}}
{{Redistricting (US)}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nesting (Voting Districts)}} Category:Redistricting in the United States Category:Constituencies Category:State legislative districts of the United States