{{short description|Variety of the common bean}} {{for|the Tracy Bonham song|Navy Bean (song)}} {{Infobox cultivar | species = ''Phaseolus vulgaris'' | image = File:Phaseolus vulgaris white beans, witte boon.jpg | image_alt = About 25 white beans }}
The '''navy bean''', '''haricot bean''', '''Jigna bean''', '''pearl haricot bean''',<ref name="kirk">{{cite web|title=Beans, White Pearl Haricot, Dried, per kilo|url=http://www.kirkfood.com.au/product/410-beans-white-pearl-haricot-dried-per-kilo|publisher=kirkfood.com.au|access-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218194510/http://www.kirkfood.com.au/product/410-beans-white-pearl-haricot-dried-per-kilo|archive-date=18 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> '''Boston bean''',<ref name=Anne>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QqxVDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA205|page=205|title=La Varenne Pratique: Part 3, Vegetables, Pasta & Grains|isbn=9780991134625|last1=Willan|first1=Anne|date=1989-09-17}}</ref> '''white pea bean''',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pulsecanada.com/food-health/what-is-a-pulse/bean |title=Bean (''Phaseolus vulgaris'') |access-date=30 August 2014 |publisher=Pulse Canada |archive-date=13 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113185702/http://www.pulsecanada.com/food-health/what-is-a-pulse/bean |url-status=dead }}</ref> or '''pea bean'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=pea+bean|title=Pea bean|publisher=The American Heritage Dictionary|access-date=2013-09-17}}</ref> is a variety of the common bean (''Phaseolus vulgaris'') native to the Americas, where it was first domesticated.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/33/7/1124.full.pdf+html |title=Origin and evolution of common bean: past events and recent trends |author=Paul Gepts |journal=HortScience |date=December 1998 |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=1124–1130 |doi=10.21273/HORTSCI.33.7.1124 |access-date=2016-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019124712/http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/33/7/1124.full.pdf+html |archive-date=2015-10-19 |url-status=dead |doi-access=free }}</ref> It is a dry white bean that is smaller than many other types of white beans, and has an oval, slightly flattened shape.<ref name="kirk"/> It features in such dishes as baked beans,<ref name="kirk"/> various soups such as Senate bean soup,<ref>[senate.gov/reference/reference_item/bean_soup.htm Senate Bean Soup]</ref> and bean pies.
The plants that produce navy beans may be either of the bush type or vining type, depending on the cultivar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pulsecanada.com/uploads/a2/09/a2097ea4c4b74e2f8ca52c406c144233/Bean-Profile.PDF |title=Crop Profile for Dry Beans |author=Mark Goodwin |publisher=Pulse Canada |year=2003 |access-date=30 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127064148/http://www.pulsecanada.com/uploads/a2/09/a2097ea4c4b74e2f8ca52c406c144233/Bean-Profile.PDF |archive-date=27 November 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== History == thumb|Navy beans being served at the Navy Memorial (2007) The name "Navy bean" is an American term coined because the US Navy has served the beans as a staple to its sailors since the mid-1800s.<ref name="History">{{Cite web|url=http://www.beangrowers.com.au/history|title=History|website=Bean Growers Australia|language=en-AU|access-date=2017-10-06|archive-date=2017-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007070245/http://www.beangrowers.com.au/history|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In Australia, navy bean production began during World War II when it became necessary to find an economical way of supplying a nutritious food to the many troops—especially American troops—based in Queensland. The United States military maintained a large base in Kingaroy and had many bases and camps throughout south-east Queensland. It actively encouraged the widespread planting of the beans.<ref name="History"/> Kingaroy is known as the Baked Bean Capital of Australia.<ref name="History"/> Another popular name for the bean during this time was "the Yankee bean".<ref name="History"/>
==Cultivars== Navy bean cultivars include: * Rainy River<ref name= Kelly/> * Robust, resistant to the bean common mosaic virus,<ref>{{cite book |author1=Schwartz, H.F. |author2=Corrales, M.A.P. |year=1989 |title=Bean Production Problems in the Tropics |publisher=Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) |isbn=9789589183045 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jz76qSE1CL4C }}</ref> which is transmitted through seeds<ref name= Kelly>{{cite web |url=http://agbioresearch.msu.edu/uploads/files/Research_Center/Saginaw_Valley/100YrsMSUBeanBreeding.pdf |title=One Hundred Years of Bean Breeding at Michigan State University: A Chronology |author=James D. Kelly |access-date=30 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107201421/http://agbioresearch.msu.edu/uploads/files/Research_Center/Saginaw_Valley/100YrsMSUBeanBreeding.pdf |archive-date=7 November 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Michelite, descended from Robust, but with higher yields and better seed quality<ref name= Kelly/> * Sanilac, the first bush navy bean cultivar<ref name= Kelly/>
==Nutrition== {{nutritionalvalue | name = Navy beans, boiled, unsalted | water = 63.8 g | kcal = 140 | protein = 8.23 g | carbs = 26 g | fat = 0.62 g | fiber = 10.5 g | calcium_mg = 69 | iron_mg = 2.36 | magnesium_mg = 53 | phosphorus_mg = 144 | potassium_mg = 389 | zinc_mg = 1.03 | copper_mg = 0.21 | manganese_mg = 0.527 | thiamin_mg = 0.237 | riboflavin_mg = 0.066 | niacin_mg = 0.649 | pantothenic_mg = 0.266 | vitB6_mg = 0.138 | folate_ug = 140 | vitK_ug = 0.6 | note=[https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/173746/nutrients Link to Nutrient Report at USDA FoodData Central] }}
Cooked (boiled) navy beans are 64% water, 26% carbohydrates, 8% protein, and less than 1% fat (table). In a reference amount of {{cvt|100|g}}, cooked navy beans supply 140 calories of food energy, {{cvt|10|g}} of dietary fiber, and are a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of folate, thiamine, copper, and manganese (20-35% DV). They are a moderate source (10-19% DV) of several dietary minerals (table).
==Phytochemicals== White bean phytochemicals include phosphatidylserine,<ref>Souci SW, Fachmann E, Kraut H (2008). Food Composition and Nutrition Tables. Medpharm Scientific Publishers Stuttgart</ref> apigenin,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/s00217-013-1914-0|title=Non-isoflavone phytoestrogenic compound contents of various legumes|journal=European Food Research and Technology|volume=236|issue=3|pages=523–530|year=2013|last1=Konar|first1=Nevzat|s2cid=85373016}}</ref> saponins,<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.12.035|title = Kinetic study of saponins B stability in navy beans under different processing conditions| journal=Journal of Food Engineering| volume=93| pages=59–65|year = 2009|last1 = Shi|first1 = John| last2=Xue| first2=Sophia Jun| last3=Ma| first3=Ying| last4=Li| first4=Dong| last5=Kakuda| first5=Yukio| last6=Lan| first6=Yubin}}</ref> ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.jfca.2005.09.003|title = Phenolic acids content of fifteen dry edible bean (''Phaseolus vulgaris'' L.) varieties| journal=Journal of Food Composition and Analysis| volume=19| issue=2–3| pages=205–211|year = 2006|last1 = Luthria|first1 = Devanand L.| last2=Pastor-Corrales| first2=Marcial A.}}</ref>
==Storage and safety== Dried and canned beans stay fresh longer by storing them in a pantry or other cool, dark place under {{convert|75|F|C}}. With normal seed storage, seeds should last from one to four years for replanting. Seeds stored under good conditions can be stored almost indefinitely before cooking. Beans that are discolored from the pure white color should be avoided, as they may have been poorly handled while they dried.<ref>{{cite web|title=How Long Do Beans Last?|url=http://www.eatbydate.com/proteins/beans-peas/beans-shelf-life-expiration-date/|access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref>
== See also ==
* Aquafaba
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Phaseolus}}
Category:Phaseolus