{{Short description|Endoscopic examination}} {{Infobox diagnostic | name = Nasoendoscopy | image = | alt = | caption = | pronounce = |purpose = exam of the nose | synonyms = | reference_range = | calculator = | DiseasesDB = <!--{{DiseasesDB2|numeric_id}}--> | ICD10 = <!--{{ICD10|Group|Major|minor|LinkGroup|LinkMajor}} or {{ICD10PCS|code|char1/char2/char3/char4}}--> | ICD9 = | ICDO = | MedlinePlus = <!--article_number--> | eMedicine = <!--article_number--> | MeshID = | OPS301 = <!--{{OPS301|code}}--> | LOINC = <!--{{LOINC|code}}--> }} In speech pathology and medicine, '''nasoendoscopy''' is the endoscopic examination of the velopharynx, or the nose, often with a CCD camera or a fiber optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the nostril. It can provide information to evaluate speech and velopharyngeal function or dysfunction, as in diseases such as sinonasal carcinomas.<ref>Pegoraro-Krook M. I., Dutka-Souza J. C., Marino V. C. (2008.) "Nasoendoscopy of velopharynx before and during diagnostic therapy", ''J App Oral Sci'', 16(3):181-8.</ref><ref>Seikel J. A., King D. W., Drumright D. G. (2010.) [https://books.google.com/books?id=LFBOhaD1JHwC&dq=nasoendoscopy&pg=PA290 ''Anatomy & Physiology for Speech, Language, and Hearing''], Cengage Learning, p. 290.</ref>
==Procedure==
===Indications=== After removal of nasal packing following epistaxis, routine nasoendoscopy is not necessarily indicated.<ref>Makarawo T. P., Howe D., Chan S. K. (2011.) "Is routine nasoendoscopy warranted in epistaxis patients after removal of nasal packing?", ''Allergy Rhinol'', 2(1):12-5.</ref> However, widely accepted indications for nasoendoscopy include:<ref>[http://www.whitememorial.com/medical-services/nasoendoscopy-procedure Nasoendoscopy Procedure - White Memorial Medical Center]</ref> *abnormal speech characteristics: hypernasal resonance, excessive nasal airflow including nasal air escape and nasal turbulence (also called nasal rustle), and absence of or weak intra-oral air pressure for oral pressure consonants; *limited progress with speech therapy to establish oral pressure sounds; *difficulty maintaining intra-oral air pressure and velopharyngeal closure during speech; *patient has known or suspected abnormality of palate or velopharynx; and, *patient is being considered for pharyngoplasty, maxillary advancement or speech prosthesis.
===Contraindications, complications, and safety=== No absolute contraindications exist for nasoendoscopy; and, while the procedure is relatively safe, the exact risk of the procedure depends on the skill and experience of the endoscope operator.<ref>Tabaee A., Hsu A. K., Kacker A. (2011.) "Indications, technique, safety, and accuracy of office-based nasal endoscopy with biopsy for sinonasal neoplasm", ''Int Forum Allergy Rhinol'', 1(3):225-8.</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *[https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/diagnostic-tests/nasendoscopy Nasendoscopy] - Macmillan Cancer Support
{{Procedures on the mouth and pharynx}}
Category:Endoscopy Category:Medical diagnosis Category:Nose Category:Speech–language pathology