Glossary of ant terms

{{Short description|none}} This is a glossary of terms used in the descriptions of ants.

{{Compact TOC |c=C |i=I |j=J |k=K |l=L |v=V |x=X |y=Y |z=Z |seealso=yes |refs=yes |extlinks=yes }}

==A== {{Glossary}} {{term|term= alate |content= alate }}{{defn|1= winged reproductive male or female ant<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000"/> }} {{Glossary end}}

==B== {{Glossary}} {{term|term= Berlese funnel |content= Berlese funnel }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also Winkler extraction}} device used to extract ants and other living organism from soil and leaf-litter samples; a sample is placed on a screen with a funnel beneath, and a heat source above; the drying forces the animals downwards, where they fall into a collecting jar, usually filled with alcohol<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000"/> }}

{{term|term= bivouac |content= bivouac }}{{defn|1= in army and driver ants, nest formed by the bodies of the ants themselves to protect the queen and larvae<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000"/> }} {{Glossary end}}

==D== {{Glossary}} {{term|term= dulosis |content= dulosis }}{{defn|1= see ''slave-making''<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000"/> }}

{{term|term= dichthadiiform |content= dichthadiiform }}{{defn|1= wingless queen with enlarged gaster, having a broadened head, very small eyes and worker-like alitrunk<ref name="Schmidt&Shattuck_2014"/><ref name="Brown_1960"/> }}

{{term|term= domatium |content= domatium }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also myrmecodomatium}} in plants, tiny chamber produced by plants to house arthropods<ref name="Allaby_2012"/> }} {{Glossary end}}

==E== {{Glossary}} {{term|term= epigaeic |content= epigaeic }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also hypogaeic}} living or foraging above the ground<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000"/> }}

{{term|term= ergate |content= ergate}}{{defn|1=a member of the non-reproductive, laboring caste.}}

{{term|term= ergatogyne |content= ergatogyne }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also ergatoid}} denotes any intercaste female morphologically intermediate between workers and (winged) queens, not restricted to the reproductive caste; formerly often used interchangeably to refer to ''ergatoid'' queens<ref name="Peeters_1991"/> }}

{{term|term= ergatoid |content= ergatoid }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also ergatogyne}} a wingless (dealate) reproductive adult ant, anatomically intermediate in form between workers and winged queens or males<ref name="Peeters_1991"/> }} {{Glossary end}}

==F== {{Glossary}} {{term|term= fungivorous |content= fungivorous }}{{defn|1= feeding on fungi<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000"/> }} {{Glossary end}}

==G== {{Glossary}} {{term|term= gamergate |content= gamergate }}{{defn|1= a mated, egg-laying, female worker in species lacking a queen<ref name="Peeters_1991"/> }}

{{term|term= granivorous |content= granivorous }}{{defn|1= seed herbivory, feeding on grain<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000"/> }}

{{term|term= gyne |content= gyne }}{{defn|1= a member of the female reproductive caste<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000"/> }} {{Glossary end}}

==H== {{Glossary}} {{term|term= haplometrosis |content= haplometrosis }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also pleometrosis}} colony founding by a single queen<ref name="Wilson&Holldobler_1977"/> }}

{{term|term= hypogaeic |content= hypogaeic }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also epigaeic}} subterranean, living below the ground, or at least beneath the leaf litter, stones or dead bark<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000"/> }} {{Glossary end}}

==M== {{Glossary}} {{term|term= mermithergate |content= mermithergate }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also mermithogyne}} "parasitogenic" phenotype of worker ants, caused by mermithid nematodes<ref name="Csosz&Majoros_2009"/> }}

{{term|term= mermithogyne |content= mermithogyne }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also mermithergate}} "parasitogenic" phenotype of gynes, caused by mermithid nematodes<ref name="Csosz&Majoros_2009"/> }}

{{term|term= monandry |content= monandry }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also polyandry}} queen mating with a single male<ref name="Heinze&Tsuji_1995"/> }}

{{term|term= monodomy |content= monodomy }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also polydomy}} colony housing arrangement in a single nest<ref name="Robinson_2014"/> }}

{{term|term= monogyny |content= monogyny }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also polygyny, primary monogyny, secondary monogyny}} nest arrangement containing a single queen<ref name="Wilson&Holldobler_1977"/> }}

{{term|term= multicoloniality |content= multicoloniality }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also unicoloniality}} nest arrangement of a population of ants consisting of multiple independent colonies (''monodomous'' or ''polydomous'')<ref name="Robinson_2014"/> }}

{{term|term= myrmecochory |content= myrmecochory }}{{defn|1= seed dispersal by ants<ref name="Pfeiffer_et_al_2010"/> }}

{{term|term= myrmecodomatium |content= myrmecodomatium }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also domatium}} ''domatium'' housed by ants<ref name="Allaby_2012"/> }}

{{term|term= myrmecologist |content= myrmecologist }}{{defn|1= a student of ants<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000"/> }}

{{term|term= myrmecology |content= myrmecology }}{{defn|1= the study of ants<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000"/> }}

{{term|term= myrmecophily |content= myrmecophily }}{{defn|1= association of various organisms with ants<ref name="Mynhardt_2013"/> }}

{{term|term= myrmecophyte |content= myrmecophyte }}{{defn|1= plant that lives in a mutualistic association with ants<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000"/> }} {{Glossary end}}

==N== {{Glossary}} {{term|term= nanitic |content= nanitic }}{{defn|1= a worker of the first generation, usually smaller in size than subsequent generations<ref name="Ouagoussounon_et_al_2015"/> }} {{Glossary end}}

==O== {{Glossary}} {{term|term= oligogyny |content= oligogyny }}{{defn|1= nest arrangement with multiple queens, defined by worker tolerance towards all queens in the colony and antagonism among the queens<ref name="Hölldobler_Carlin_1985"/> }} {{Glossary end}}

==P== {{Glossary}} {{term|term= pheromone trail |content= pheromone trail }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also domatium}} trail of chemical compounds secreted by ants to guide nestmates to a target (usually food)<ref name="Planque_et_al_2010"/> }}

{{term|term= pilosity |content= pilosity }}{{defn|1= quality of being covered with hair<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000"/> }}

{{term|term= pleometrosis |content= pleometrosis }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also haplometrosis}} colony founding by multiple queens<ref name="Wilson&Holldobler_1977"/> }}

{{term|term= plerergate |content= plerergate }}{{defn|1= see ''replete''<ref name="Wheeler_1907"/> }}

{{term|term= polyandry |content= polyandry }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also monandry}} queen mating with multiple males<ref name="Heinze&Tsuji_1995"/> }}

{{term|term= polydomy |content= polydomy }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also monodomy}} colony arrangement housed in multiple separate nests<ref name="Robinson_2014"/> }}

{{term|term= polyethism |content= polyethism }}{{defn|1=division of labor, the development of different roles<ref name="Corn_1980"/> }}

{{term|term= polygyny |content= polygyny }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also monogyny, primary polygyny, secondary polygyny}} nest arrangement containing multiple queens<ref name="Wilson&Holldobler_1977"/> }}

{{term|term= polymorphism |content= polymorphism }}{{defn|1= in social insects, having more than one caste within the same sex<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000"/> }}

{{term|term= primary monogyny |content= primary monogyny }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also monogyny}} single queen founding a colony (''haplometrosis''), with no additional queens incorporated into the colony<ref name="Wilson&Holldobler_1977"/> }}

{{term|term= primary polygyny |content= primary polygyny }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also polygyny}} colony founding by multiple queens (''pleometrosis''), with more than one queen surviving<ref name="Wilson&Holldobler_1977"/> }} {{Glossary end}}

==Q== {{Glossary}} {{term|term= queen |content= queen }}{{defn|1= see ''gyne'' }} {{Glossary end}}

==R== {{Glossary}} {{term|term= replete |content= replete }}{{defn|1= worker ant that functions as a living larder, having an enlarged abdomen filled with liquid food<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000"/> }} {{term|term= secondary monogyny |content= secondary monogyny }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also monogyny}} colony founding by multiple queens (''pleometrosis''), a single queen survive<ref name="Wilson&Holldobler_1977"/> }} {{Glossary end}}

==S== {{Glossary}} {{term|term= secondary polygyny |content= secondary polygyny }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also polygyny}} colony founding by a single queen (''haplometrosis''), with additional queens incorporated into the colony at a later stage, usually by adoption or fusion with other colonies<ref name="Wilson&Holldobler_1977"/> }}

{{term|term= slave-making |content=slave-making }}{{defn|1= the capture of brood of other ant species that is then reared as slaves<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000"/> }} {{Glossary end}}

==T== {{Glossary}} {{term|term= tandem running |content= tandem running }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also pheromone trail}} recruitment method used by some species of ants, where one ant leads a single, closely following nestmate to a target (usually food)<ref name="Planque_et_al_2010"/> }}

{{term|term= trail pheromone |content= trail pheromone }}{{defn|1= see ''pheromone trail'' }}

{{term|term= trophallaxis |content= trophallaxis }}{{defn|1= transfer of liquid food among family members or guest organisms<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000"/> }}

{{term|term= trophic egg |content= trophic egg }}{{defn|1= non-viable egg laid by the queen to be used as a source of nutrition<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000"/> }}

{{term|term= trophobiosis |content= trophobiosis }}{{defn|1= mutualistic relationships between ants and other insects<ref name="Delabie_2001"/> }} {{Glossary end}}

==U== {{Glossary}} {{term|term= unicoloniality |content= unicoloniality }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also multicoloniality}} a population of ants inhabiting a single large ''polydomous'' colony<ref name="Robinson_2014"/> }} {{Glossary end}}

==W== {{Glossary}} {{term|term= Winkler extraction |content= Winkler extraction }}{{defn|1= {{ghat|1=see also Berlese funnel}} device used to extract ants and other living organism from soil and leaf-litter samples; a sample is placed inside an inner bag constructed from cloth mesh, which is suspended in a second bag containing a funnel leading to a collecting jar, usually filled with alcohol; the device is hung up in the air and passively extracts escaping animals<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000"/> }}

{{Glossary end}}

==See also== *Glossary of entomology terms *Glossary of scientific names *Glossary of scientific naming

==References== {{Reflist|24em|refs=

<ref name="Allaby_2012">{{cite book|author=Michael Allaby|title=A Dictionary of Plant Sciences|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzZGQOmcjqAC&pg=PA158|year=2012|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-960057-1|page=158}}</ref>

<ref name="Brown_1960">{{cite journal |last=Brown |first=W. L. Jr. |date=1960 |title=Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. III Tribe Amblyoponini (Hymenoptera). |journal=Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology|volume=122 |pages=143–230 }}</ref>

<ref name="Corn_1980">{{cite journal|last1=Corn|first1=M. L. |title=Polymorphism and polyethism in the neotropical ant ''Cephalotes atratus'' (L.)|journal=Insectes Sociaux|date=1980|volume=27|issue=1 |doi=10.1007/bf02224519|pages=29–42|s2cid=6813618 }}</ref>

<ref name="Csosz&Majoros_2009">{{cite journal|last1=Csősz|first1=S. |last2=Majoros|first2=G.|title=Ontogenetic origin of mermithogenic ''Myrmica'' phenotypes (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)|journal=Insectes Sociaux|date=2009|volume=56|issue=1 |doi=10.1007/s00040-008-1040-3|pages=70–76|s2cid=24435877 }}</ref>

<ref name="Delabie_2001">{{cite journal |last1=Delabie |first1=Jacques H. C. |year=2001 |title= Trophobiosis Between Formicidae and Hemiptera (Sternorrhyncha and Auchenorrhyncha): an Overview |journal= Neotropical Entomology |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=501–516 |url= http://www.scielo.br/pdf/ne/v30n4/a01v30n4.pdf |doi=10.1590/S1519-566X2001000400001}}</ref>

<ref name="Heinze&Tsuji_1995">{{cite journal|last1=Heinze|first1=Jürgen|last2=Tsuji|first2=Kazuki|year=1995|title=Ant reproductive strategies|journal=Researches on Population Ecology|volume=37|issue=2|pages=135–149|doi=10.1007/BF02515814|bibcode=1995PopEc..37..135H |s2cid=21948488}}</ref>

<ref name="Hölldobler_Carlin_1985">{{cite journal|last1=Hölldobler|first1=Bert|last2=Carlin|first2=Norman F.|title=Colony founding, queen dominance and oligogyny in the Australian meat ant ''Iridomyrmex purpureus''|journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology|date=1985|volume=18|issue=1|pages=45–58|doi=10.1007/BF00299237|jstor=4599861|bibcode=1985BEcoS..18...45H |s2cid=20847952 |issn=1432-0762}}</ref>

<ref name="Majer_et_al_2000">{{cite book |editor1=Agosti, Donat |editor2=Majer, Jonathan D. |editor3=Alonso, Leeanne E. |editor4=Schultz, Ted R. |title=Ants: Standard Methods for Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press |date=2000 |isbn=1-56098-885-1}}</ref>

<ref name="Mynhardt_2013">{{cite journal |last=Mynhardt |first=Glené |date=2013 |title=Declassifying Myrmecophily in the Coleoptera to Promote the Study of Ant-Beetle Symbioses |journal=Psyche: A Journal of Entomology |volume=2013 |issue=7 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1155/2013/696401 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Ouagoussounon_et_al_2015">{{cite journal|author1=Ouagoussounon, I |author2=Offenberg, J |author3=Sinzogan, A |author4=Adandonon, A |author5=Kossou, D |author6=Vayssières, JF |title=Founding weaver ant queens (''Oecophylla longinoda'') increase production and nanitic worker size when adopting non-nestmate pupae.|journal=SpringerPlus|date=2015|volume=4|issue=6|page=6|doi=10.1186/2193-1801-4-6|pmc=4429428|pmid=25995983 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Peeters_1991">{{cite journal|last=Peeters|first=C. P.|title=Ergatoid queens and intercastes in ants: Two distinct adult forms which look morphologically intermediate between workers and winged queens. |journal=Insectes Sociaux|date= 1991|volume=38|issue=1 |pages= 1–15 |doi=10.1007/BF01242708|s2cid=19188793}}</ref>

<ref name="Pfeiffer_et_al_2010">{{cite journal|last1=Pfeiffer|first1=Martin|last2=Huttenlocher|first2=Heiko|last3=Ayasse|first3=Manfred|year=2010|title=Myrmecochorous plants use chemical mimicry to cheat seed-dispersing ants|journal=Functional Ecology|volume=24|issue=3| pages=545–555|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01661.x|doi-access=free|bibcode=2010FuEco..24..545P }}</ref>

<ref name="Planque_et_al_2010">{{cite journal |last1=Planqué |first1=Robert |last2=van den Berg |first2=Jan Bouwe |author-link3=Nigel R. Franks |last3=Franks |first3=Nigel R. |date=2010 |title=Recruitment Strategies and Colony Size in Ants |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=5 |issue=8 |article-number=e11664 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0011664 |pmc=2915909 |pmid=20694195 |bibcode=2010PLoSO...511664P |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Robinson_2014">{{cite journal|last1=Robinson|first1=Elva JH|title=Polydomy: the organisation and adaptive function of complex nest systems in ants|journal=Current Opinion in Insect Science|date=2014|volume=5|doi=10.1016/j.cois.2014.09.002|pages=37–43|pmid=32846740|doi-access=free|bibcode=2014COIS....5...37R }}</ref>

<ref name="Schmidt&Shattuck_2014">{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=C. A |last2=Shattuck |first2=S. O. |date=2014 |title=The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior |journal=Zootaxa |volume=3817 |issue=1 |pages=1–242 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1 |pmid=24943802}}</ref>

<ref name="Wheeler_1907">{{cite journal|last=Wheeler|first=W. M.|year=1907|title=On certain modified hairs peculiar to the ants of arid regions.|journal=Biological Bulletin|volume=13|issue=4|pages=185–202|doi=10.2307/1535694|jstor=1535694}}</ref>

<ref name="Wilson&Holldobler_1977">{{cite journal|last1=Wilson|first1=Edward O. |last2=Hölldobler|first2=Bert|title=The number of queens: An important trait in ant evolution|journal=Naturwissenschaften|date=1977|volume=64|issue=1 |doi=10.1007/bf00439886|pages=8–15|bibcode=1977NW.....64....8H |s2cid=13004419 }}</ref>

}}

==External links== *[http://antkey.org/en/lexicon/43 Antkey glossary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150830071708/http://antkey.org/en/lexicon/43 |date=2015-08-30 }}

Ants Category:Myrmecology Category:Wikipedia glossaries using description lists