Mona monkey

{{Short description|Species of Old World monkey}} {{Speciesbox | name = Mona monkey | image = Mona monkey - Grand Etang Lake - Grenada - 2.jpg | image_caption = Mona monkey near Grand Etang (Grenada) | status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Matsuda Goodwin, R. |author2=Segniagbeto, G. |author3=Nobimè, G. |author4=Imong, I. |date=2020 |title=''Cercopithecus mona'' |volume=2020 |article-number=e.T4222A17946672 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T4222A17946672.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref> | genus = Cercopithecus | species = mona | authority = (Schreber, 1774) | range_map = Cercopithecus mona distribution.svg | range_map_caption = Geographic range }}

The '''mona monkey'''<ref name="msw3">{{MSW3 Groves|pages=157|id=12100482}}</ref> ('''''Cercopithecus mona''''') is an Old World monkey that lives in western Africa between Ghana and Cameroon. The mona monkey can also be found on the island of Grenada as it was transported to the island aboard slave ships headed to the New World during the 18th century. This guenon lives in groups of up to thirty-five in forests. It mainly feeds on fruit, but sometimes eats insects and leaves. The mona monkey has brown agouti fur with a white rump. Its tail and legs are black and the face is blue-grey with a dark stripe across the face. The mona monkey carries food in cheek pouches.

==Description== The male mona monkey has a head-and-body length of {{convert|410|to|630|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} and a tail of {{convert|520|to|730|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}. The female's head-and-body length is {{convert|340|to|457|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}. The head has a brown crown, broad whitish brow band, grey mask of bare skin and bushy pale cheek fur. The upper parts of the body and the outer sides of the limbs are deep brown while the underparts and the insides of the limbs are creamy-white. On either side of the base of the tail are a pair of patches of white hair which closely resemble the ischial callosities found in baboons and other Old World monkeys in this position.<ref name=Kingdon>{{cite book|author=Jonathan Kingdon|title=The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals: Second Edition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p1hMCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA164 |year=2015 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4729-2531-2 |pages=164–165}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat== The mona monkey is native to the lowland forests of eastern Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria and western Cameroon. It has also been introduced into Grenada and São Tomé and Príncipe.<ref name="IUCN-GISD">{{cite web | title=''Cercopithecus mona'' | website=Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) | publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature Invasive Species Specialist Group (IUCN ISSG) | date=2012-01-10 | url=http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=1871 | access-date=2021-04-26}}</ref> Although mainly a forest species, it is able to adapt to heavily degraded forest, gallery forest in savannah regions, and mangrove forest in the delta region of the Niger River, and is generally the commonest monkey near rivers.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" />

==Ecology== The mona monkey is usually found in groups of about twelve individuals, with a single mature male, but larger aggregations also occur. The troop moves through the canopy foraging mainly for fruit, but also eating flowers, seeds and insects and other invertebrates. It is a vocal species with a harsh grating call, and the male issues a "ooer" alarm call. It often associates with other species of monkeys including Lowe's mona monkey (''Cercopithecus lowei'') and the crested mona monkey (''Cercopithecus pogonias'').<ref name=Kingdon/>

==Status== The mona monkey is a common and adaptable species. Its natural forest habitat has been affected by much habitat destruction and it suffers from being hunted for food. However the population does not seem to be declining significantly, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being near-threatened.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" />

<gallery> File:Cercopithecus mona.jpg|Mona monkey File:Mona Monkey, Cercopithecus mona.jpg|Feral mona monkey on Grenada File:Mona monkey and baby.jpg File:Mona monkey Lagos Nigeria.ogv|A wild Mona monkey in Lagos State, Nigeria </gallery>

==References== {{Reflist}} *[https://archive.today/20130113230557/www.bbc.co.uk/nature/wildfacts/factfiles/311.shtml BBC Science and Nature]

==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100305193220/http://origin.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no10/02-0667.htm ''Weissella confusa'' Infection in Primate (''Cercopithecus mona'')]

Category:Guenons Category:Mammals of Cameroon Category:Mammals of Grenada Category:Mammals of the Caribbean Category:Mammals of West Africa Category:Mammals described in 1774 Category:Taxa named by Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber Category:Articles containing video clips Category:Arboreal mammals