Molluscicide

{{Short description|Pesticide used to kill molluscs}} {{redirect|slug bait|the Throbbing Gristle song|The Second Annual Report}} '''Molluscicides''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|l|ʌ|s|k|ɪ|ˌ|s|aɪ|d|s|,_|-|ˈ|l|ʌ|s|-}}){{refn|{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Molluscicide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182759/https://www.lexico.com/definition/molluscicide |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Molluscicide |dictionary=Lexico UK English Dictionary |publisher=Oxford University Press}}}}{{refn|{{cite Merriam-Webster |molluscicide |access-date=2016-01-22}}}} are chemicals that kill molluscs.<ref name=Ullmann>{{cite book |doi=10.1002/14356007.a16_649.pub2 |chapter=Molluskicides |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |date=2008 |last1=Schnorbach |first1=Hans-Jürgen |last2=Matthaei |first2=Hans-Detlef |last3=Müller |first3=Franz |isbn=978-3-527-30385-4 }}</ref> They are also known as '''snail baits''', '''snail pellets''', or '''slug pellets'''. These pesticides against molluscs are usually used in agriculture or gardening, in order to control gastropod pests specifically slugs and snails which damage crops or other valued plants by feeding on them. They are also used to limit the spread of ''Schistosoma mansoni'', a human parasite that causes schistosomiasis, by preventing it from reproducing asexually within snails.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = McCullough | first1 = F. S. | last2 = Gayral | first2 = P. | last3 = Duncan | first3 = J. | last4 = Christie | first4 = J. D. | title = Molluscicides in schistosomiasis control | journal = Bulletin of the World Health Organization | year = 1980 | volume = 58 | issue = 5 | pages = 681–689 | pmid = 6975179 | pmc = 2395986}}</ref>

thumb|Metaldehyde pellets A number of chemicals can be employed as a molluscicide: * Quicklime slaked lime, and kainite, respectively {{chem2|CaO, Ca(OH)2, and KCl/MgSO4*3H2O}} kill by dehydration. Hundreds of kilograms per hectare are required.<ref name=Ullmann/> * Metal salts such as iron(III) phosphate, aluminium sulfate, and ferric sodium EDTA,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/reg_actions/registration/fs_PC-139114_01-Dec-08.pdf|title=Sodium Ferric Ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) (139114) Fact Sheet}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ucanr.edu/datastoreFiles/268-583.pdf|title=New Bait Available for Slugs & Snails}}</ref> relatively non-toxic, most are approved for use in organic gardening * Metaldehyde<ref>{{Cite web |last=Support |first=Extension Web |date=2008-02-25 |title=Less toxic iron phosphate slug bait proves effective |url=https://extension.oregonstate.edu/news/less-toxic-iron-phosphate-slug-bait-proves-effective |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=Extension Communications |language=en}}</ref> * Niclosamide * Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g. methiocarb), highly toxic to other animals and humans with a quick onset of toxic symptoms.

Many chemicals have been developed as molluscicides.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/10915810701464641 |title=Phorbol Esters: Structure, Biological Activity, and Toxicity in Animals |date=2007 |last1=Goel |first1=Gunjan |last2=Makkar |first2=Harinder P. S. |last3=Francis |first3=George |last4=Becker |first4=Klaus |journal=International Journal of Toxicology |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=279–288 |pmid=17661218 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/ardp.200700157 |title=Synthesis and Molluscicidal Activity of New Chromene and Pyrano[2,3- ''c'' ]pyrazole Derivatives |date=2007 |last1=Abdelrazek |first1=Fathy M. |last2=Metz |first2=Peter |last3=Kataeva |first3=Olga |last4=Jäger |first4=Anne |last5=El-Mahrouky |first5=Sherif F. |journal=Archiv der Pharmazie |volume=340 |issue=10 |pages=543–548 |pmid=17912679 }}</ref>

Slug pellets contain a carbohydrate source (e.g. durum flour) as a bulking agent.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=C. P. M. |date=2018-06-06 |title=Tech Talk - Effective slug control |url=https://www.cpm-magazine.co.uk/technical/tech-talk-effective-slug-control/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=cpm magazine |language=en}}</ref>

==References== {{reflist|30em}}

== External links == * Overview of potential piscicides and molluscicides for controlling aquatic pest species in New Zealand [http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/sfc283entire.pdf] * [http://npic.orst.edu National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC)] Information about pesticide-related topics. ** [http://npic.orst.edu/capro/SlugSnailPD.pdf Get Rid of Slugs and Snails, Not Puppy Tails! Case Profile] - National Pesticide Information Center ** [http://npic.orst.edu/pest/slugsnail.html Slugs and Snails] - National Pesticide Information Center * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140126012604/http://ingleburnvet.com.au/newslett24.htm#SnailBait Snail bait and dogs] * [https://archive.today/20121231064802/http://www.gladesvillevet.com.au/indexPrev.php?updaterUrlPrev=NewsArticleDisplay.php&artId=185 Snail Bait Poisoning] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20011212034034/http://www.global-garden.com.au/gardenbegin_care.htm#Safety in the Garden Safety in the Garden] * [http://www.the-piedpiper.co.uk/th11a%287%29.htm Metaldehyde toxicity] * [http://www.paghat.com/slugcontrol.html Iron phosphate: The first honestly effective snail & slug bait]

Category:Molluscicides