{{Short description|Military rank in the Italian Armed Forces}} {{more citations needed|date=May 2024}} thumb|''Maresciallo'' Anarseo Guadagnini, 1927
The Italian military rank of '''''maresciallo''''' ({{IPA|it|mareʃˈʃallo|}}; marshal) is classified as a "sub-officer" and is the highest rank of non-commissioned officer in the Italian Armed Forces. It is higher than the rank of sergeant but lower than that of ensign/second lieutenant. There are from three to five grades within the rank, according to the different branches of the armed forces. The rank is achieved through merit or attending the ''Scuola Allievi Marescialli'' (School of Student Marshals). Marshal is an intermediate rank of the armed forces which is currently granted to NCOs with the training and technical competence to carry out specialised executive roles, and to command smaller and technically complex units.<ref>^ Page of the Italian Army (Esercito Italiano) home site - http://www.esercito.difesa.it {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716205703/http://www.esercito.difesa.it/ |date=2017-07-16 }}.</ref> The rank of maresciallo also exists in the Corps of Gendarmerie of San Marino.
==History== thumb|upright|Insignia of {{lang|it|Maresciallo ordinario}}, pre-WWI The rank of marshal in Italy was initially provided only as the ''marescialli d'alloggio'' (lodging marshals) of the Royal Carabinieri. In 1902 <ref>''Legge nº 266 del 3 luglio 1902''</ref> the rank was established for the Royal Army. The rank was unique and higher than that of ''furiere maggiore'' (senior quartermaster). Subsequently in 1907 <ref>''Legge del 19 luglio 1906, esecutiva dal 1º gennaio del 1907.''</ref> the ranks of quartermaster and quartermaster were abolished and the rank of marshal was divided into three classes: 1st, 2nd and 3rd class marshal who were then renamed ''Maresciallo maggiore'', and ''Maresciallo ordinario'', respectively. The badges of rank were regulated only on January 22, 1907 by a circular. In the ''Regia Marina'' (Royal Navy), the equivalent ranks were those of ''capo di 1ª, 2ª e 3ª classe''.
At the entrance of Italy in World War One, the ranks of ''maresciallo ordinario'', ''maresciallo capo'' and ''maresciallo Maggiore'' existed and were retitled as ''Maresciallo di Compagnia'', ''Maresciallo di Battaglione'', and ''Maresciallo di Reggimento'', In 1916 the degree of ''Aiutanti di Battaglia'' (Battalion Adjutant) was established, reachable from both the non-commissioned officers and troops solely for war merits, regardless of the previously covered degree.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.esercito.difesa.it/Equipaggiamenti/Militaria/Gradi/Gradinonpi%C3%B9inuso/Leinsegnedigradonella1GuerraMondiale/Pagine/SottufficialieTruppa.aspx|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111018134049/http://www.esercito.difesa.it/Equipaggiamenti/Militaria/Gradi/Gradinonpi%C3%B9inuso/Leinsegnedigradonella1GuerraMondiale/Pagine/SottufficialieTruppa.aspx|archive-date = 2011-10-18|title = Sottufficiali e Truppa}}</ref>
Until 1972 the marshals were framed in three hierarchical levels: ''maresciallo ordinario'', ''maresciallo capo'' and ''maresciallo maggiore'' and had a distinctive respectively one, two or three mottled golden stripes of black placed vertically on the shoulder straps. In 1972, ''maresciallo maggiore aiutante'' was added, above the other degrees, but always subordinate to the degree of ''aiutante di battaglia''. This degree was distinguished as it was reachable by promotion to choice and not for seniority, and had the same distinctive of ''Marshal Maggiore'', but with the mottled rods of red. After 1972 for all marshal ranks were reoriented horizontally.
==Modern ranks== {| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; text-align:center;" |- style="background-color:#CCCCCC" ! NATO code ! colspan=3| OR-9 ! colspan=3| OR-8 |- | rowspan=2| '''{{Army|Italy}}'''<ref name="Italy_Army">{{cite web |title=i gradi dell'Esercito Italiano - distintivi di incarico e funzionali |url=http://www.esercito.difesa.it/root/equipaggiamenti/gradi_270906.pdf |website=esercito.difesa.it |publisher=Italian Army |access-date=30 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801094145/http://www.esercito.difesa.it/root/equipaggiamenti/gradi_270906.pdf |archive-date=1 August 2010 |language=it}}</ref><ref name="Q.S. ranks">{{Cite web |url=https://www.forzearmate.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/94_36-2-Lettera-nuovi-gradi-al-COCER.pdf |title=Riordino delle carriere del 27/02/2018 |language=it |trans-title=Reorganization of careers of 27/02/2018 |date=27 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703021840/https://www.forzearmate.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/94_36-2-Lettera-nuovi-gradi-al-COCER.pdf |archive-date=3 July 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | 50px | 50px | 50px | 50px | 50px | 50px |- | {{lang|it|Primo luogotenente}} | {{lang|it|Luogotenente}} | {{lang|it|Primo maresciallo}} | {{lang|it|Maresciallo capo}} | {{lang|it|Maresciallo ordinario}} | {{lang|it|Maresciallo}} |- | rowspan=2 | '''{{navy|Italy}}'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Sottufficiali |url=https://www.marina.difesa.it/noi-siamo-la-marina/persone/gradi/Pagine/SottufficialiMarescialli.aspx |website=marina.difesa.it |publisher=Ministry of Defence |access-date=26 September 2021 |language=it}}</ref> | 50px | 50px | 50px | 50px | 50px | 50px |- | {{lang|it|Primo luogotenente q.s.}}{{efn|q.s. - (qualifica speciale - special rank)}} | {{lang|it|Luogotenente}} | {{lang|it|Primo maresciallo}} | {{lang|it|Capo di prima classe}} | {{lang|it|Capo di seconda classe}} | {{lang|it|Capo di terza classe}} |- | rowspan=2| '''{{air force|Italy}}'''<ref name="Italy_AirForce">{{cite book |title=Regolamento sull'uniforme (OD-4) |date=2012 |pages=173–175 |url=http://www.difesa.it/SGD-DNA/Staff/DG/PERSOMIL/Circolari/Documents/2012/050912OD4_edizione2012.pdf |access-date=26 September 2021 |language=it |chapter=Distintivi di Grado}}</ref> | 50px | 50px | 50px | 50px | 50px | 50px |- | {{lang|it|Primo luogotenente q.s.}} | {{lang|it|Luogotenente}} | {{lang|it|Primo maresciallo}} | {{lang|it|Maresciallo di prima classe}} | {{lang|it|Maresciallo di seconda classe}} | {{lang|it|Maresciallo di terza classe}} |- | rowspan=2| '''{{flagdeco|Italy}} Carabinieri'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Distintivi di grado |url=http://www.carabinieri.it/arma/oggi/uniformi/distintivi-di-grado/distintivi-di-grado-per-maresciallo |website=Carabinieri |access-date=18 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514144132/http://www.carabinieri.it/arma/oggi/uniformi/distintivi-di-grado/distintivi-di-grado-per-maresciallo |archive-date=14 May 2019 |language=it |url-status=dead}}</ref> | 50px | 50px | 50px | 50px | 50px | 50px |- | {{lang|it|Luogotenente "carica speciale"}} | {{lang|it|Luogotenente}} | {{lang|it|Primo maresciallo}} | {{lang|it|Maresciallo di prima classe}} | {{lang|it|Maresciallo di seconda classe}} | {{lang|it|Maresciallo di terza classe}} |- | rowspan=2| '''{{flagdeco|Italy}} Guardia di Finanza'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Ispettori |url=https://www.gdf.gov.it/it/chi-siamo/organizzazione/uniformi-e-gradi/gradi/ispettori |website=Guardia di Finanza |access-date=18 May 2024 |language=it}}</ref> | 50px | 50px | 50px | 50px | 50px | 50px |- | {{lang|it|Luogotenente cariche speciali}} | {{lang|it|Luogotenente s.u.p.s.}}{{efn|{{lang|it|sostituto ufficiale di pubblica sicurezza luogotenente}}}} | {{lang|it|Maresciallo aiutante s.u.p.s.}} | {{lang|it|Maresciallo capo}} | {{lang|it|Maresciallo ordinario}} | {{lang|it|Maresciallo}} |}
==See also== * Marshal of Italy * First Marshal of the Empire * Italian Army ranks * Italian Navy ranks
==Notes== {{notelist}}
==References== {{reflist}}
Category:Military ranks of Italy