Mairasi language

{{Short description|Papuan language spoken in Indonesia}} {{Infobox language |name=Mairasi |region=Bomberai Peninsula |states=West Papua, Indonesia |speakers=3,300 |date=1996 |ref=e18 |familycolor=Papuan |fam1=Mairasi |iso3=zrs |glotto=nucl1594 |glottorefname=Mairasi }}

'''Mairasi''' ({{a.k.a.}} '''Faranyao''' and '''Kaniran''') is a Papuan language of the Bomberai Peninsula of West Papua, Indonesia.

The Northeastern dialect may be a distinct language.

==Distribution== Locations:<ref name="Ronsumbre-2020">{{cite book |last=Ronsumbre |first=Adolof |year=2020 |title=Ensiklopedia Suku Bangsa di Provinsi Papua Barat |location=Yogyakarta |publisher=Penerbit Kepel Press |isbn=978-602-356-318-0}}</ref>

*Kaimana Regency **Interior villages: Umbran, Jamna Fata, Matna, Tarwata, Sara, Kasira, Orai, Wangatnau, Faranyau, and Sarifan **Coastal villages: Sisir, Foroma Jaya, Warasi, Lobo, Lomira, Morona, Nanggwaromi, Omay (May may), and Warika *Teluk Wondama Regency **Naikere District villages: Sararti, Oya, Yabore, Wosimo, Undurara, and Inyora

==Phonology== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Consonants<ref name="Foley-NWNG"/> !colspan=2| ! Bilabial ! Alveolar ! Post-<br>alveolar ! Velar ! Glottal |- !colspan=2| Nasal | {{IPAlink|m}} || {{IPAlink|n}} || || || |- !rowspan=2| Plosive ! {{small|voiceless}} | || {{IPAlink|t}} || || || {{IPAlink|ʔ}} |- ! {{small|voiced}} | {{IPAlink|b}} || {{IPAlink|d}} || {{IPAlink|dʒ}}|| {{IPAlink|ɡ}} || |- !rowspan=2| Fricative ! {{small|voiceless}} | {{IPAlink|ɸ}} || {{IPAlink|s}} || || || |- ! {{small|voiced}} | {{IPAlink|β}} || || || || |- !colspan=2| Liquid | || {{IPAlink|r}} || || || |- !colspan=2| Semivowel | {{IPAlink|w}} || || || || |}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Vowels<ref name="Foley-NWNG"/> ! !! Front!! Back |- ! Close | {{IPAlink|i}} || {{IPAlink|u}} |- ! Mid | {{IPAlink|e}} || {{IPAlink|o}} |- ! Back | colspan="2" | {{IPAlink|a}} |}

==Pronouns== Mairasi possessor prefixes are:<ref name="Foley-NWNG">{{cite book |last=Foley |first=William A. |editor1-last=Palmer |editor1-first=Bill |date=2018 |title=The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide |chapter=The languages of Northwest New Guinea |series= The World of Linguistics |volume=4 |location=Berlin |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |pages=433–568 |isbn=978-3-11-028642-7}}</ref> :{| {{table}} ! !! sg !! pl |- ! 1 | o- || ee- |- ! 2 | ne- || e- |- ! 3 | na- || ne- |}

==Morphology== ===Case markers=== Noun phrase case markers in Mairasi:<ref name="Foley-NWNG"/>{{rp|546}} *instrumental suffix -''t'' *locative postposition ''ar'' *allative postposition ''ev(i)''

Some examples: {{interlinear|number=ex:|ovuru-'''t'''|machete-INSTR|‘with a machete’}} {{interlinear|number=ex:|weso '''ar'''|house LOC|‘in the house’}} {{interlinear|number=ex:|mundu '''evi'''|village ALL|‘to the village’}}

===Possessors=== Mairasi possessor prefixes:<ref name="Foley-NWNG"/>{{rp|546}} :{| {{table}} ! !! sg !! pl |- ! 1 | o- || ee- |- ! 2 | ne- || e- |- ! 3 | na- || ne- |}

Examples of inalienable possessors: {{interlinear|number=ex:|'''ee'''-rovo|1PL.POSS-hand|‘our hands’}} {{interlinear|number=ex:|'''na'''-iambi|3SG.POSS-skin|‘his skin’}}

===Directionals=== Mairasi has two directional suffixes, which are only used with movement verbs.<ref name="Foley-NWNG"/>{{rp|549}} *''-aʔi'' ‘up, inland’ *''-ari'' ‘down, seaward’

Examples of directional suffixes in use: {{interlinear|number=ex:|o-is-'''aʔi'''|1SG.SBJ-stand-up|‘I stand up’}} {{interlinear|number=ex:|o-fon-'''ari'''|1SG.SBJ-sit-down|‘I sit down’}}

===Animacy=== Animacy is marked by the adjective modifier ''n''-, as exemplified by the contrast in the following two noun phrases.<ref name="Foley-NWNG"/>{{rp|546}}

{{interlinear|number=ex: |fariri Ø-avwer |word INAN-big |‘a big word’}}

{{interlinear|number=ex: |fariri '''n'''-avwer |word ANIM-big |‘a long-winded person’}}

Vowel changes can modify the number of animate nouns:<ref name="Foley-NWNG"/>{{rp|546}}

{{interlinear|number=ex: |uratu n-avwer |fish ANIM-big.SG |‘a big fish’}}

{{interlinear|number=ex: |uratu n-'''e'''vwer |fish ANIM-big.PL |‘big fishes’}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

{{Languages of Indonesia}}

Category:Languages of Western New Guinea Category:Mairasi languages