Macrolepidoptera

{{Short description|Order of insects}} {{Multiple issues| {{original research|date=January 2016}} {{More citations needed|date=September 2009}} }} {{Paraphyletic group | auto = yes | image = Acronicta.psi.7153.jpg | image_caption = Grey dagger, ''Acronicta psi'' | taxon = Macrolepidoptera | authority = | subdivision_ranks = Superfamilies | subdivision = See text }}

'''Macrolepidoptera''' is a group within the insect order Lepidoptera. Traditionally used for the larger butterflies and moths as opposed to the "microlepidoptera", this group is artificial. However, it seems that by moving some taxa about, a monophyletic macrolepidoptera can be easily achieved. The two superfamilies Geometroidea and Noctuoidea account for roughly one-quarter of all known Lepidoptera. {{Citation needed|date=April 2011}}

==Taxonomy== In the reformed macrolepidoptera, the following superfamilies are included:<ref name=Minet1991>{{cite journal |last1=Minet |first1=Joel |title=Tentative reconstruction of the ditrysian phylogeny (Lepidoptera: Glossata) |year=1991 |journal=Entomol. Scand. |volume=22 |pages=69–95 |doi=10.1163/187631291X00327 }}</ref><ref name= Kristensen2007 >{{cite book |editor1=Z.-Q. Zhang |editor2=W. A. Shear |year=2007 |title=Linnaeus Tercentenary: Progress in Invertebrate Taxonomy (Zootaxa:1668) |publisher=Magnolia Press |isbn=978-0-12-690647-9 |chapter-url=http://www.lepidoptera.ee/images/lingid/Zootaxa1668p699.pdf |access-date=2 March 2010 |last1=Kristensen |first1=Niels P. |last2=Scoble |first2=M. J. |last3=Karsholt |first3=Ole |chapter=Lepidoptera phylogeny and systematics: the state of inventorying moth and butterfly diversity |pages=699–747 |archive-date=15 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515015416/http://www.lepidoptera.ee/images/lingid/Zootaxa1668p699.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Mimallonoidea – sack bearers * Lasiocampoidea – lappet moths * Bombycoidea – bombycoid moths * Noctuoidea – owlet moths * Drepanoidea – drepanids * Geometroidea – inchworms * Calliduloidea – Old World butterfly-moths * Papilionoidea – butterflies

The last two<ref name=Minet1991/> or three<ref>{{cite journal |last=Scoble |first=M.J. |year=1986 |title=The structure and affinities of the Hedyloidea: a new concept of the butterflies |journal=Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. |volume=53 |pages=251–286 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/78317}}</ref> superfamilies comprised the Rhopalocera, or butterflies. More recent taxonomic treatments usually include all butterflies in an expanded Papilionoidea.<ref name=vN2011/><ref name="MitterDavis2017"/>

Subsequent molecular studies have failed to recover the macrolepidoptera as a monophyletic group, but have found a well supported clade of moths that excludes the butterflies and some other moth superfamilies. This macro-moth clade, named Macroheterocera, contains the following five or six superfamilies:<ref name=vN2011>{{cite journal|last=van Nieukerken|first=Erik J. |author2=Lauri Kaila |author3=Ian J. Kitching |author4=Niels P. Kristensen |author5=David C. Lees |author6=Joël Minet |author7=Charles Mitter |author8=Marko Mutanen |author9=Jerome C. Regier |author10=Thomas J. Simonsen |author11=Niklas Wahlberg |author12=Shen-Horn Yen |author13=Reza Zahiri |author14=David Adamski |author15=Joaquin Baixeras |author16=Daniel Bartsch |author17=Bengt Å. Bengtsson |author18=John W. Brown |author19=Sibyl Rae Bucheli |author20=Donald R. Davis |author21=Jurate De Prins |author22=Willy De Prins |author23=Marc E. Epstein |author24=Patricia Gentili-Poole |author25=Cees Gielis |author25-link=Cees Gielis |author26=Peter Hättenschwiler |author27=Axel Hausmann |author28=Jeremy D. Holloway |author29=Axel Kallies |author30=Ole Karsholt|author-link31=Akito Y. Kawahara |author31=Akito Y. Kawahara |author32=Sjaak (J.C.) Koster |author33=Mikhail V. Kozlov |author34=J. Donald Lafontaine |author35=Gerardo Lamas |author36=Jean-François Landry |author37=Sangmi Lee |author38=Matthias Nuss |author39=Kyu-Tek Park |author40=Carla Penz |author41=Jadranka Rota |author42=Alexander Schintlmeister |author43=B. Christian Schmidt |author44=Jae-Cheon Sohn |author45=M. Alma Solis |author45-link=Maria Alma Solis |author46=Gerhard M. Tarmann |author47=Andrew D. Warren |author48=Susan Weller |author49=Roman V. Yakovlev |author50=Vadim V. Zolotuhin |author51=Andreas Zwick |title=Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758|journal=Zootaxa|date=23 December 2011|volume=3148|series=Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness|pages=212–221|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p221.pdf|editor1-first=Zhi-Qiang|editor1-last=Zhang|ref=Zootaxa}}</ref><ref name="MitterDavis2017">{{cite journal|last1=Mitter|first1=Charles|last2=Davis|first2=Donald R.|last3=Cummings|first3=Michael P.|title=Phylogeny and Evolution of Lepidoptera|journal=Annual Review of Entomology|volume=62|issue=1|year=2017|pages=265–283|issn=0066-4170|doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035125|pmid=27860521|doi-access=free}}</ref>

* Mimallonoidea – sack bearers (sometimes included in basal position)<ref name="MitterDavis2017"/> * Drepanoidea – drepanids * Noctuoidea – owlet moths * Geometroidea – inchworms * Lasiocampoidea – lappet moths * Bombycoidea – bombycoid moths

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons}} {{Wikispecies}} * {{ITIS |id=117234 |taxon=Macrolepidoptera}}

Category:Macrolepidoptera