List of reptiles of Canada

{{Short description|none}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{WildlifeofCanada}} This is a list of the '''reptiles of Canada'''. Most species are confined to the southernmost parts of the country. All Canadian reptiles are composed of squamates and testudines.

Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: :{{IUCN status|EX}} - Extinct, {{IUCN status|EW}} - Extinct in the wild :{{IUCN status|CR}} - Critically endangered, {{IUCN status|EN}} - Endangered, {{IUCN status|VU}} - Vulnerable :{{IUCN status|NT}} - Near threatened, {{IUCN status|LC}} - Least concern :{{IUCN status|DD}} - Data deficient, {{IUCN status|NE}} - Not evaluated :(v. 2013.2, the data is current as of 5 March 2014<ref name="IUCN" />)

== Order Squamata == [[File:Western Skink.jpg|thumb|The western skink (''Plestiodon skiltonianus skiltonianus)'' is found in southern British Columbia]] [[File:5Lined-Skink.jpg|right|thumb|The five-lined skink, ''Plestiodon fasciatus'', finds home in the Great Lakes region of Ontario]] Of the order '''Squamata''', lizards and snakes are represented. There are no known amphisbaenids native to Canada.

=== Snakes (suborder Serpentes) === Snakes are the best-represented group of reptiles in Canada, with 35 varieties in three families. They can be found in all provinces and territories except Yukon, Nunavut, and Newfoundland and Labrador. *''Charina bottae'' (rubber boa) {{IUCN status|LC|62228}} – southern British Columbia,<ref name="bcherps" /> but not Vancouver Island *''Coluber constrictor foxii'' (blue racer) {{IUCN status|LC|63748}} – Pelee Island in Ontario<ref name="onherps" /> *''Coluber constrictor flaviventris'' (eastern yellow-bellied racer) {{IUCN status|LC|63748}} – southern Saskatchewan<ref name="sasherps" /> *''Coluber constrictor mormon'' (western yellow-bellied racer) {{IUCN status|LC|63748}} – south-central British Columbia<ref name="bcherps" /> *''Contia tenuis'' (common sharp-tailed snake) {{IUCN status|LC|63766}} – southern Vancouver Island in British Columbia<ref name="bcherps" /> *''Crotalus horridus'' (timber rattlesnake) {{IUCN status|LC|64318}} – historically southern Ontario and southern Quebec, extirpated<ref name="onherps" /> *''Crotalus oreganus oreganus'' (northern Pacific rattlesnake) {{IUCN status|LC|64326}} – south-central British Columbia<ref name="bcherps" /> *''Crotalus viridis viridis'' (prairie rattlesnake) {{IUCN status|LC|64339}} – southern Alberta,<ref name="alherps" /> southwestern Saskatchewan<ref name="sasherps" /> *''Diadophis punctatus edwardsii'' (northern ring-necked snake) {{IUCN status|LC|63769}} – southeastern Ontario,<ref name="onherps" /> southern Quebec, most of New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia<ref name="nbherps" /> *''Hypsiglena chlorophaea'' (desert night snake) {{IUCN status|LC|63823}} – extreme south-central British Columbia *''Heterodon nasicus nasicus'' (western hog-nosed snake) {{IUCN status|LC|63819}} – southeastern Alberta<ref name="alherps" /> southern Saskatchewan<ref name="sasherps" /> and southwestern Manitoba<ref name="manherps" /> *''Heterodon platirhinos'' (eastern hog-nosed snake) {{IUCN status|LC|63820}} – southwestern Ontario<ref name="onherps" /> *''Lampropeltis triangulum'' (eastern milk snake) – southern Ontario<ref name="onherps" /> southern Quebec<ref name="quherps" /> *''Nerodia sipedon insularum'' (Lake Erie watersnake) {{IUCN status|LC|62239}} – islands in western Lake Erie<ref name="onherps" /> *''Nerodia sipedon sipedon'' (northern watersnake) {{IUCN status|LC|62239}} – southern and central Ontario,<ref name="onherps" /> southern Quebec<ref name="quherps" /> *''Opheodrys vernalis'' (smooth green snake) {{IUCN status|LC|63842}} – southeast Saskatchewan,<ref name="sasherps" /> southern Manitoba,<ref name="manherps" /> central and southern Ontario,<ref name="onherps" /> southern Quebec,<ref name="quherps" /> most of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island<ref name="nbherps" /> *''Pantherophis gloydi'' (eastern foxsnake) {{IUCN status|NT|63862}} – southwestern Ontario<ref name="onherps" /> *''Pantherophis alleghaniensis'' (grey ratsnake) – southeastern Ontario<ref name="nbherps" /> *''Pituophis catenifer deserticola'' (Great Basin gophersnake) {{IUCN status|LC|63869}} – south-central British Columbia<ref name="bcherps" /> *''Pituophis catenifer sayi'' (bullsnake) {{IUCN status|LC|63869}} – southern Alberta<ref name="alherps" /> and southern Saskatchewan<ref name="sasherps" /> *''Regina septemvittata'' (queen snake) {{IUCN status|LC|63887}} – southwestern Ontario<ref name="onherps" /> *''Sistrurus catenatus'' (eastern massasauga) {{IUCN status|LC|64346}} – Bruce Peninsula and some parts of southwestern Ontario<ref name="onherps" /> *''Storeria dekayi'' (Dekay's brownsnake) {{IUCN status|LC|63928}} – southern Ontario,<ref name="onherps" /> southern Quebec<ref name="quherps" /> *''Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata'' (northern red-bellied snake) {{IUCN status|LC|63930}} - southeastern Saskatchewan,<ref name="sasherps" /> southern Manitoba,<ref name="manherps" /> southwestern and southeastern Ontario,<ref name="onherps" /> southern Quebec,<ref name="quherps" /> most of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island<ref name="nbherps" /> *''Thamnophis butleri'' (Butler's gartersnake) {{IUCN status|LC|63972}} – southwestern Ontario<ref name="onherps" /> *''Thamnophis elegans vagrans'' (wandering gartersnake) {{IUCN status|LC|63976}} – most of British Columbia,<ref name="bcherps" /> most of Alberta,<ref name="alherps" /> southwestern Saskatchewan,<ref name="sasherps" /> and possibly the Liard River Valley in southwestern Northwest Territories<ref name="ntherps" /> *''Thamnophis ordinoides'' (northwestern gartersnake) {{IUCN status|LC|63985}} – southwestern British Columbia, including Vancouver Island<ref name="bcherps" /> *''Thamnophis radix haydeni'' (plains gartersnake) {{IUCN status|LC|63988}} – eastern Alberta,<ref name="alherps" /> southern Saskatchewan<ref name="sasherps" /> and southwestern Manitoba<ref name="manherps" /> *''Thamnophis saurita septentrionalis'' (northern ribbonsnake) {{IUCN status|LC|63991}} – southern Ontario<ref name="onherps" /> and southwestern Nova Scotia<ref name="nsherps" /> *''Thamnophis sirtalis fitchi'' (valley garter snake) {{IUCN status|LC|62240}} – central mainland British Columbia almost up to the Yukon border, and northern Vancouver Island<ref name="bcherps" /> *''Thamnophis sirtalis pallidulus'' (Maritime garter snake) {{IUCN status|LC|62240}} – southern half of Quebec, most of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island<ref name="nbherps" /> *''Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis'' (red-sided gartersnake) {{IUCN status|LC|62240}} – eastern plains of British Columbia,<ref name="bcherps" /> most of Alberta,<ref name="alherps" /> extreme southern Northwest Territories around the Fort Smith region,<ref name="ntherps" /> most of Saskatchewan,<ref name="sasherps" /> southern half of Manitoba,<ref name="manherps" /> and northwestern Ontario<ref name="onherps" /> *''Thamnophis sirtalis pickeringi'' (Puget Sound gartersnake) {{IUCN status|LC|62240}} – southwest corner of British Columbia, including southern Vancouver Island<ref name="bcherps" /> *''Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis'' (eastern gartersnake) {{IUCN status|LC|62240}} – most of Ontario<ref name="onherps" /> and Quebec,<ref name="quherps" /> and the southeast corner of Manitoba<ref name="manherps" />

=== Lizards (suborder Lacertilia) === Lizard diversity is low in Canada, with six native species and one introduced species: *''Elgaria coerulea principis'' (northwestern alligator lizard) {{IUCN status|LC|63701}} – southern British Columbia, including most of Vancouver Island<ref name="bcherps" /> *''Plestiodon skiltonianus'' (western skink) {{IUCN status|LC|64240}} - southern interior of British Columbia *''Plestiodon fasciatus'' (five-lined skink) {{IUCN status|LC|64227}} – southern Ontario<ref name="onherps" /> *''Plestiodon septentrionalis septentrionalis'' (northern prairie skink) {{IUCN status|LC|64239}} – southwestern Manitoba<ref name="onherps" /> *''Phrynosoma douglasii'' (pygmy horned lizard) {{IUCN status|LC|64075}} – extreme south-central British Columbia<ref name="bcherps" /> *''Phrynosoma hernandesi'' (short-horned lizard) {{IUCN status|LC|64076}} – extreme southeastern Alberta<ref name="alherps" /> and southern Saskatchewan<ref name="sasherps" /> *''Podarcis muralis'' (common wall lizard) - introduced - southeastern Vancouver Island, Denman Island, single records in Vancouver, Summerland and Osoyoos but no populations on BC mainland.

== Order Testudines == Of the order '''Testudines''', pond turtles are common in all of Canada's provinces, with the exception of Newfoundland and Labrador, which has sea turtles off its shores as does British Columbia.

===Land and pond turtles=== *''Actinemys marmorata'' (Pacific pond turtle) {{IUCN status|VU|4969}} extirpated *''Apalone spinifera'' (spiny softshell turtle) {{IUCN status|LC|163451}} *''Chelydra serpentina'' (common snapping turtle) {{IUCN status|LC|163424}} *''Chrysemys picta'' (painted turtle) {{IUCN status|LC|163467}} *''Clemmys guttata'' (spotted turtle) {{IUCN status|EN|4968}} *''Emydoidea blandingii'' (Blanding's turtle) {{IUCN status|EN|7709}} *''Glyptemys insculpta'' (wood turtle) {{IUCN status|EN|4965}} *''Graptemys geographica'' (northern map turtle) {{IUCN status|LC|165598}} *''Sternotherus odoratus'' (stinkpot turtle) {{IUCN status|LC|163450}} *''Terrapene carolina'' (eastern box turtle) {{IUCN status|VU|21641}} extirpated<ref>{{cite web |title=NatureServe Explorer 2.0 |url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.100312/Terrapene_carolina |website=explorer.natureserve.org |access-date=20 April 2022}}</ref><ref>[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/turtle Turtle], Canadian Encyclopedia</ref>

===Sea turtles=== *''Caretta caretta'' (loggerhead sea turtle) {{IUCN status|EN|3897}} *''Chelonia mydas'' (green sea turtle) {{IUCN status|EN|4615}} *''Dermochelys coriacea'' (leatherback sea turtle) {{IUCN status|VU|6494}} *''Lepidochelys kempii'' (Kemp's ridley sea turtle) {{IUCN status|CR|11533}} *''Lepidochelys olivacea'' (olive ridley sea turtle) {{IUCN status|VU|11534}}

==See also== {{portal|Amphibians and Reptiles}} *Lists of reptiles by region *List of reptiles of Quebec

==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="alherps">http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.hp/zoo301.hp/altaherps.html {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> <ref name="bcherps">{{Cite web | url=http://www.bcreptiles.ca/default.htm | title=Reptiles of BC: - Reptiles and amphibians, snakes, lizards, turtles}}</ref> <ref name="manherps">{{Cite web | url=http://www.naturenorth.com/Herps/Manitoba_Herps_Atlas.html# |title = The Manitoba Herps Atlas}}</ref> <ref name="nbherps">{{Cite web | url=http://www.carcnet.ca/english/reptiles/tour/province/repNB.php |title = CARCNET - Canadian Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Network}}</ref> <ref name="ntherps">{{Cite web |url=http://www.enr.gov.nt.ca/_live/pages/wpPages/Amphibians_and_Reptiles.aspx |title=Amphibians and Reptiles |publisher=Northwest Territories Environment and Natural Resources |access-date=26 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126095216/http://www.enr.gov.nt.ca/_live/pages/wpPages/Amphibians_and_Reptiles.aspx |archive-date=26 January 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="nsherps">{{cite web |url=http://museum.gov.ns.ca/amphibians/defaulten.asp |title=Amphibians and Reptiles |publisher=Northwest Territories Environment and Natural Resources |access-date=26 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213035343/http://museum.gov.ns.ca/amphibians/defaulten.asp |archive-date=13 February 2011 }}</ref> <ref name="onherps">{{cite web |url=http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/subsite/glfc-amphibians/lizard-snake |title=Lizards and snakes of Ontario |publisher=Natural Resources Canada |access-date=26 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706182302/http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/subsite/glfc-amphibians/lizard-snake |archive-date=6 July 2011 }}</ref> <ref name="sasherps">{{Cite web |url=http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/reptiles.html |title=Reptiles |website=Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan |access-date=26 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318220053/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/reptiles.html |archive-date=18 March 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="quherps">http://redpath-museum.mcgill.ca/Qbp/herps/herps.html {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> <ref name="IUCN">{{cite web |url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/ |title = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |publisher = International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |access-date = 21 June 2012}}</ref> }}

==Further reading== * {{citation |last = Bumstead |first =Pat |author2=Norman H. Worsley |year =2003 |title =Canadian Skin and Scales |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RjeL9ymSfx4C&q=reptiles%20in%20Canada&pg=PP1|publisher=Simply Wild Publications |isbn=0-9689278-1-5 }}

==External links== * [http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/search.php?taxon=&genus=&species=&subspecies=&author=&year=&common_name=&location=Canada&holotype=&reference=&submit=Search JCVI Reptiles Database: Canada] *[http://www.iucnredlist.org/ IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]

{{North America in topic|Lists of reptiles of|title=Lists of reptiles of North America}} {{Canada topics}}

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