{{Short description|none}} The liver plays the major role in producing proteins that are secreted into the blood, including major plasma proteins, factors in hemostasis and fibrinolysis, carrier proteins, hormones, prohormones and apolipoprotein:

==Major plasma proteins== All plasma proteins except Gamma-globulins are synthesised in the liver.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Miller|first1=L. L.|last2=Bale|first2=W. F.|date=February 1954|title=Synthesis of all plasma protein fractions except gamma globulins by the liver; the use of zone electrophoresis and lysine-epsilon-C14 to define the plasma proteins synthesized by the isolated perfused liver|journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine|volume=99|issue=2|pages=125–132|doi=10.1084/jem.99.2.125|issn=0022-1007|pmc=2180344|pmid=13130789}}</ref> *'''Human serum albumin''', osmolyte and carrier protein *'''α-fetoprotein''', the fetal counterpart of serum albumin *'''Soluble plasma fibronectin''', forming a blood clot that stops bleeding *'''C-reactive protein''', opsonin on microbes,<ref name=Immunology182>Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Immunology. Paperback: 384 pages. Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; (July 1, 2007). Language: English. {{ISBN|978-0-7817-9543-2}}. Page 182</ref> acute phase protein *Various other globulins

==Factors in hemostasis and fibrinolysis== *'''Stimulators of coagulation:''' **All factors in the coagulation cascade.<ref>BRS Pathology 5th Edition, pg. 196</ref> **While the endothelium does produce some factor VIII, the majority of factor VIII is produced in the liver.<ref>Robbins Basic Pathology 9th Edition, Chapter 11</ref> *'''Inhibitors of coagulation:''' Inactivate an enormous variety of proteinases **'''α2-macroglobulin''' **'''α1-antitrypsin''' **'''Antithrombin III''' **'''Protein S''' **'''Protein C''' *'''Fibrinolysis:''' Breakdown of fibrin clots **'''Plasminogen''' *'''Inhibitors of fibrinolysis''' **'''α2-antiplasmin''' *'''Complement components C1-9, complement component 3 (C3) '''

==Carrier proteins== *'''Albumin''', carries thyroid hormones and other hormones, particularly fat soluble ones, fatty acids to the liver, unconjugated bilirubin, many drugs and Ca<sup>2+</sup> *'''Ceruloplasmin''', carries copper *'''Transcortin''', carries cortisol, aldosterone and progesterone *'''Haptoglobin''', carries free hemoglobin released from erythrocytes *'''Hemopexin''', carries free heme released from hemoglobin *'''IGF binding protein''', carries insulin-like growth factor 1 *'''Major urinary proteins''', carries pheromones in rodents *'''Retinol binding protein''', carries retinol *'''Sex hormone-binding globulin''', carries sex hormones, specifically testosterone and estradiol *'''Thyroxine-binding globulin''', carries the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine (T3) *'''Transthyretin''', carries the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) *'''Transferrin''', carries iron ions in the ferric form (Fe<sup>3+</sup>) *'''Vitamin D-binding protein''', carries vitamin D

== Hormones == *'''FGF21''', a protein hormone that induces mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids, hepatic gluconeogenesis, and ketogenesis in response to fasting. *'''Hepcidin''', a peptide hormone that regulates iron homeostasis. *'''Insulin-like growth factor 1''', a polypeptide protein hormone which plays an important role in childhood growth and continues to have anabolic effects in adults *'''Thrombopoietin''', a glycoprotein hormone that regulates the production of platelets by the bone marrow

==Prohormones== *'''Angiotensinogen''', when converted to angiotensin causes vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone, in effect increasing blood pressure

==Apolipoproteins== *Almost all '''apolipoprotein''', except apo B48 (produced by intestine)

==References== General reference for the list of included substances (but not their functions): *Table 45–4 in: {{cite book |author=Walter F., PhD. Boron |title=Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach |publisher=Elsevier/Saunders |year=2003 |pages=1300 |isbn=1-4160-2328-3 }}

Other: {{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Proteins Produced And Secreted By The Liver}} Category:Liver anatomy