{{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Liver abscess | image = Leberabszess - CT axial PV.jpg | caption = Liver abscess on axial CT image: a hypodense lesion in the liver with peripherally enhancement. | | pronounce = | field = | synonyms = | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} A '''liver abscess''' is a mass filled with pus inside the liver.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://medconditions.net/liver-abscess.html |title=Liver Abscess Definition in Medical Conditions Dictionary |date=11 April 2018 |website=medconditions.net |access-date=11 April 2018 }}</ref> Common causes are abdominal conditions such as appendicitis or diverticulitis due to haematogenous spread through the portal vein.<ref name="MedlinePlus">{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|000261|Pyogenic liver abscess}}</ref> It can also develop as a complication of a liver injury.
==Causes==
Risk factors for developing liver abscess can be due to infection, post-procedural infection and metastasis such as primary liver tumours, liver metastasis, biliary procedures, biliary injuries, biliary tract disease, appendicitis, and diverticulitis.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Akhondi |first=Hossein |title=Liver Abscess |date=2022 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538230/ |work=StatPearls |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=30855818 |access-date=2022-10-17 |last2=Sabih |first2=Durr E.}}</ref>
Major bacterial causes of liver abscess include the following:<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Webb GJ, Chapman TP, Cadman PJ, Gorard DA | title = Pyogenic liver abscess | journal = Frontline Gastroenterology | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 60–67 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 28839753 | pmc = 5369710 | doi = 10.1136/flgastro-2013-100371 }}</ref> * ''Streptococcus'' species (including ''Enterococcus'') * ''Escherichia'' species * ''Staphylococcus'' species * ''Klebsiella'' species (Higher rates in the Far East) * Anaerobes (including ''Bacteroides'' species) * ''Pseudomonas'' species * ''Proteus'' species * ''Entamoeba histolytica ''
However, as noted above, many cases are not polymicrobial.
==Diagnosis== === Types === thumb|A large pyogenic liver abscess presumed to be the result of appendicitis There are several major forms of liver abscess, classified by cause:<ref name=":0" /> * Pyogenic liver abscess, which is most often polymicrobial, accounts for 80% of hepatic abscess cases in the United States. * Amoebic liver abscess due to ''Entamoeba histolytica'' accounts for 10% of cases. The incidence is much higher in developing countries. * Fungal abscess, most often due to ''Candida'' species, accounts for less than 10% of cases. * Iatrogenic abscess, caused by medical interventions
==Management== Draining of the abscess and antibiotics: IV metronidazole and third generation cephalosporin/quinolones, β-lactam antibiotics, and aminoglycosides are effective.<ref name=":0" />
== Prognosis == The prognosis has improved for liver abscesses. The mortality rate in-hospital is about 2.5-19%. The elderly, ICU admissions, shock, cancer, fungal infections, cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, acute respiratory failure, severe disease, or disease of biliary origin have a worse prognosis.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Akhondi H, Sabih DE | chapter = Liver Abscess |date=2019 | chapter-url= https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538230/ | title = StatPearls |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=30855818 |access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref>
== References == {{reflist}}
== External links == {{Medical resources | DiseasesDB = 22094 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|K|75|0|k|70}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|572.0}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 000261 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 1316 | MeshID = D008100 }} * [http://www.ctcases.net/liver-abscess/ Liver Abscess CT Images] CTCases Liver Abscess CT Scan.
{{Gastroenterology}}
Category:Diseases of liver