{{Short description|Chemical compound}} {{Chembox <!-- Images --> | ImageFile = | ImageSize = | ImageAlt = <!-- Names --> | IUPACName = Ligroin | OtherNames = <!-- Sections --> | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = 8032-32-4 | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = 5OQ4BMR99T | PubChem = | SMILES = }} | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | Formula = | MolarMass = | Appearance = | Density = | MeltingPt = | BoilingPt = {{convert|90|-|140|C|abbr=on}} | Solubility = }} | Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards | MainHazards = | FlashPt = | AutoignitionPt = }} }} '''Ligroin''' is a distilled petroleum product. The fraction is also called heavy naphtha.<ref>{{citation | editor=David R. Lide | title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition=90th | year=2010 | publisher=CRC Press | pages=2–56}}</ref><ref>"Chemistry of Hazardous Materials, Third Edition", Meyer, E., Prentice Hall, 1998, page 458.</ref> These may be called light naphtha.<ref name="phenix">{{citation | author=Alan Phenix | title=Generic Hydrocarbon Solvents: a Guide to Nomenclature | journal=WAAC Newsletter | volume=29 | issue=2 | year=2007 | url=http://cool.conservation-us.org/waac/wn/wn29/wn29-2/wn29-204.pdf}}</ref>
The name ''ligroin'' (or ''ligroine'' or ''ligroïne'') appeared as early as 1866.<ref group=note>The name "ligroin" was coined in the United States: * {{cite book |editor1-last=Heppe |editor1-first=G. |title=Klemens Merck's Warenlexikon für Handel, Industrie und Gewerbe | trans-title=Klemens Merck's dictionary of commodities for commerce, industry, and trade |date=1890 |publisher=G. A. Gloeckner |location=Leipzig, Germany |page=349 |language=German}} From p. 349: ''"'''Ligroine'''; der in Amerika erfundene Name für einen der flüchtigeren Teile des rohen Petroleums, … "'' (Ligroin: the name that was coined in America for one of the more volatile parts of crude petroleum, … ) Early use in English: * {{cite journal |last1=(Editorial staff) |title=Polytechnic Association of the American Institute |journal=The American Artisan and Patent Record|date=24 October 1866 |volume=3 |page=389 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WA83AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA389}} From p. 389: "Dr. Van der Weyde then exhibited some samples of the products of distillation of tar, and a safety-lamp for burning the lighter hydro-carbons, which is mainly a reproduction of the "Ligroine" lamp invented and put into the market first by C. Schreiber in Munich (Bavaria), and described in the March number of ''Dingler's Polytechnic Journal''." * See also: {{cite journal |last1=Van der Weyde |first1=P. H. |title=Uses of refuse acid of petroleum distilleries – oxydability of petroleum |journal=The American Artisan and Patent Record |date=7 November 1866 |volume=4 |page=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WA83AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA6}} Early use in German: * {{cite journal |last1=Schafhäutl |title=Ueber die neue Li-gro-ine- oder Petroleum-Gaslampe |journal=Dinglers Polytechnisches Journal |date=1866 |volume=179 |pages=472–475 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015063570363;view=1up;seq=500 |trans-title=On the new ligroin or petroleum gas lamp |language=German}} From p. 474: ''"Das einzige Gefährliche ist die Aufbewahrung des Leuchtstoffes, der sogenannten Li-gro-ine selbst. Diese Naphta oder Li-gro-ine muß, wenn in großen Quantitäten vorhanden, in wohl verschlossenen Gefäßen aufbewahrt werden."'' (The one danger is the storage of the lamp fuel, the so-called "ligroin" itself. This naphtha or "ligroin" must, if present in large quantities, be stored in well sealed containers.)</ref>
== Use as fuel == Ligroin was used to refuel the world's first production automobile, the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, on a long distance journey between Mannheim and Pforzheim. Bertha Benz added ligroin to the vehicle at a pharmacy in Wiesloch, making it the first filling station in history.
The first functional diesel engine could also run on ligroin.<ref>Rudolf Diesel: Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors, Springer, Berlin 1913, {{ISBN|978-3-642-64940-0}}. p. 110</ref>
== See also == * White spirit
== References == {{reflist}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Budavari|editor-first1=Susan|title=The Merck index an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, and biologicals|date=1990|publisher=Merck|location=Rahway, NJ|isbn=091191028X|page=[https://archive.org/details/merckindexency00buda/page/864 864]|edition=11th. ed., 2. print.|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/merckindexency00buda/page/864}}
== Notes == {{reflist|group=note}}
Category:Hydrocarbon solvents Category:Petroleum products