{{Short description|Divination through observing incense smoke}} thumb|right|Burning incense gives off complex patterns of smoke '''Libanomancy''' (also known as '''livanomancy''' and '''knissomancy''') is a divination primarily through observing and interpreting burning incense smoke, but which may include the way incense ash falls as well.<ref>Del Rio, Martín Anton. [https://books.google.com/books?id=I2iCYDHYbycC&dq=tephramancy&pg=PA160 ''Investigations Into Magic.'' P.G. Maxwell-Stuart, trans. Reprint ed. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 2000, p. 160.]</ref> Like most other methods of divination, during libanomancy a specific question must be asked. The incense smoke provides an answer, but the smoke must be interpreted by a diviner.

The "libano-" in the word "libanomancy" is taken from the greek word "libanos", which means "frankincense". That is because frankincense was burned for the purpose of incense-divination.

==History of libanomancy== The original libanomancy manuals come from the Old Babylonian period, which is roughly dated to 2,000-1,600 BCE.<ref name="Dunwich">Dunwich, Gerina. ''Candlelight Spells: The Modern Witch's Book of Spellcasting, Feasting, and Healing.'' Secaucus, N.J.: Citadel Press, 1988, p. 51.</ref> Obviously popular at that time, this method of divination began to decline later, but the knowledge was preserved by trained diviners. From Mesopotamia, libanomancy traveled to Egypt, and later became known in Europe.

==Interpretation of the smoke== Libanomantic texts mention the possible interpretation of some of the signs in the smoke. For example, the ''Three Collated Libanomancy Texts'' say that if incense is sprinkled over an open flame and the smoke drifts to the right, you will defeat your enemy.<ref name="Dunwich" /> If the smoke clusters, it means financial success.<ref name="Dunwich" /> Rising smoke that forms two columns means the loss of one's sanity.<ref name="Dunwich" />

==See also== * Divination * Methods of divination

==Footnotes== {{reflist}}

{{Divination}}

Category:Divination